lu
Translingual
Symbol
lu
- (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Luba-Katanga.
English
Noun
lu (uncountable)
- Archaic form of loo (“card game”).
Verb
lu (third-person singular simple present lus, present participle luing, simple past and past participle lued)
- Archaic form of loo (“beat at card game”).
Etymology 2
A romanization of Chinese 路 (“route”)
Noun
lu (usually uncountable, plural lus)
- (historical) Synonym of route or circuit: an administrative division of imperial China.
References
- lu in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913
Anagrams
- UL, Ul, ul
Aiwoo
Noun
lu
- life
References
- Ross, M. & Næss, Å. (2007), “An Oceanic origin for Äiwoo, the language of the Reef Islands?”, in Oceanic Linguistics, volume 46, issue 2. Cited in: "Äiwoo" in Greenhill, S.J., Blust, R., & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271-283.
Asturian
Etymology
From Vulgar Latin *illu, from Latin illum, accusative of ille. Compare Spanish lo.
Pronoun
lu, la f, lo n
- Third-person singular direct object; him, it
Basque
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /lu/, [lu]
Noun
lu inan
- pussy, vagina
Declension
Declension of lu (inanimate, ending in vowel) | |||
---|---|---|---|
indefinite | singular | plural | |
absolutive | lu | lua | luak |
ergative | luk | luak | luek |
dative | luri | luari | luei |
genitive | luren | luaren | luen |
comitative | lurekin | luarekin | luekin |
causative | lurengatik | luarengatik | luengatik |
benefactive | lurentzat | luarentzat | luentzat |
instrumental | luz | luaz | luez |
inessive | lutan | luan | luetan |
locative | lutako | luko | luetako |
allative | lutara | lura | luetara |
terminative | lutaraino | luraino | luetaraino |
directive | lutarantz | lurantz | luetarantz |
destinative | lutarako | lurako | luetarako |
ablative | lutatik | lutik | luetatik |
partitive | lurik | — | — |
prolative | lutzat | — | — |
Chinese
For pronunciation and definitions of lu – see 嚕 (“Cantonese particle”). (This character, lu, is a variant form of 嚕.) |
Corsican
Etymology
From Latin ille (“that”), from Old Latin olle (“that”). Cognates include Italian lo (“him”), il (“the”) and French le (“the, him”).
Article
lu
- Archaic form of u.
Pronoun
lu
- Archaic form of u.
References
- “lu” in INFCOR: Banca di dati di a lingua corsa
- “u, lu” in INFCOR: Banca di dati di a lingua corsa
Danish
Verb
lu
- imperative of lue
French
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ly/
Audio (file)
Participle
lu (feminine lue, masculine plural lus, feminine plural lues)
- past participle of lire
Friulian
Etymology
From Vulgar Latin *illu, from Latin illum. Compare Italian lo.
Pronoun
lu (third person masculine direct object)
- him
Related terms
- lui
- i
Hausa
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /lûː/
- (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA(key): [lûː]
Ideophone
lû
- swinging motion
Ido
Etymology
Back-formation from ilu (“he, him”), elu (“she, her”) and olu (“it”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /lu/
Pronoun
lu (plural li)
- Third-person singular pronoun for referents of any gender; he/him, she/her, it or that
- Me ne savas ka lu es viro o muliero.
- I don't know if he/she is a man or a woman.
- Me ne savas ka lu es viro o muliero.
Usage notes
Lu is widely used in Ido, and not exclusively when a gendered possessive determiner is inappropriate, but also in order to avoid repetition depending on the user's preferences.
Derived terms
- li (“they, them”)
- lua
Related terms
- ilu (“he, him”) (masculine)
- elu (“she, her”) (feminine)
- olu (“it”) (neuter)
See also
![]() | Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | Possessive | Nominative | Possessive | ||||
Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | ||||
First person | me | mea | mei | ni | nia | nii | |
Second person | Formal | vu | vua | vui | vi | via | vii |
Familiar | tu | tua | tui | ||||
Third person | Masculine | ilu, il | ilua | ilui | ili | ilia | ilii |
Feminine | elu, el | elua | elui | eli | elia | elii | |
Neuter | olu, ol | olua | olui | oli | olia | olii | |
Common | lu | lua | lui | li | lia | lii | |
Reflexive | su | sua | sui | su | sua | sui | |
Indefinite | onu, on | onua | onui | onu, on | onua | onui | |
Notes | |||||||
The possessive plurals are seldom used. | |||||||
The shortened forms are preferred. | |||||||
The pangendered forms are preferred to the gendered or neuter forms in most scenarios. |
Indonesian
Etymology
From Betawi Udik lo (“you”), from Hokkien 汝 (lú). Doublet of lo.
Pronoun
lu
- (chiefly Jakarta, slang) Second-person singular pronoun: you, your, yours
Synonyms
Indonesian informal second-person pronouns:
- anta (informal, mainly used by Muslim community)
- antum (informal, mainly used by Muslim community)
- coen (slang, East Java)
- ente (informal, mainly used by Betawi ethnic group)
- kamu (intimate)
- ko, kowe (informal, Java)
- kon, koen(colloquial, East Java)
- lu, lo, loe, elu (informal, mainly used by Betawi ethnic group)
- mika, mike (informal, Eastern Sumatra)
Japanese
Romanization
lu
- Rōmaji transcription of る゚
- Rōmaji transcription of ル゚
Jingpho
Etymology
Borrowed from Burmese လှူ (hlu).
Verb
lu
- to offer
- to donate
References
- Kurabe, Keita (2016-12-31), “Phonology of Burmese loanwords in Jinghpaw”, in Kyoto University Linguistic Research, volume 35, DOI:, ISSN 1349-7804, pages 91–128
Mandarin
Romanization
lu (lu5 / lu0, Zhuyin ˙ㄌㄨ)
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 氌/氇.
lu
- Nonstandard spelling of lū.
- Nonstandard spelling of lú.
- Nonstandard spelling of lǔ.
- Nonstandard spelling of lù.
- Nonstandard spelling of lǖ.
- Nonstandard spelling of lǘ.
- Nonstandard spelling of lǚ.
- Nonstandard spelling of lǜ.
Usage notes
- English transcriptions of Mandarin speech often fail to distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without the appropriate indication of tone.
Muong
Etymology
From Proto-Vietic *m-luː, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *bluuʔ.
A great number of Muong lects, as well as Vietnamese, had replaced this native etymology with Sinitic 腿.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /lu¹/
Noun
lu
- (Mường Bi) thigh
- Synonym: tùi
Neapolitan
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /lu/
Pronoun
lu
- Alternative form of 'u
Norwegian Nynorsk
Noun
lu m
- (dialectal) alternative form of lur (“lur, trumpet”)
References
- Ivar Aasen (1850), “Lu”, in Ordbog over det norske Folkesprog, Oslo: Samlaget, published 2000
Old French
Alternative forms
- lou, leu
Etymology
Reduced form of Latin lupus.
Noun
lu m (oblique plural lus, nominative singular lus, nominative plural lu)
- wolf
Sassarese
Alternative forms
- l' (apocopic, before a vowel sound)
- -llu (pronoun, enclitic)
- -ru (pronoun, enclitic)
Etymology
From Vulgar Latin *(il)lu, from Latin illum, accusative of ille (“that”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /lu/
Article
lu m sg (plural li, feminine la)
Sassarese definite articles | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
masculine | lu/l' | li/l' |
feminine | la/l' |
- the (masculine singular)
Usage notes
- Becomes l' before a vowel.
Pronoun
lu m (plural li, feminine la)
- (followed by chi) that
- Di curori vi ni so umbè. Ca è lu chi tu priferi?
- There are lots of colors. Which one do you prefer?
- (literally, “Of colors there are a lot. Which one is that which you prefer?”)
- him (accusative)
- Lu cunnosci? ― Do you know him?
- it (accusative)
- Abà ti lu diggu ― Now I'll tell you (literally, “Now I tell it to you”)
References
- Rubattu, Antoninu (2006) Dizionario universale della lingua di Sardegna, 2nd edition, Sassari: Edes
Sicilian
Etymology 1
From the apheresis of Vulgar Latin *illu, from Latin illum, from ille.
Alternative forms
- u
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /lu/ (stressed)
- IPA(key): /lʊ/ (unstressed)
Article
lu m sg (f la, plural li)
- (masculine singular definite article) the
- Synonym: u
Usage notes
- This article is nowadays an obsolete variant, unlike its illiquid counterpart u. It is currently used only in some restricted areas where it is still withheld in conversational communications.
- Today it is mostly used in crystallized contexts, such as singing, poetry or sayings and proverbs. In all these cases this definite article is more euphonetic than the variants, now predominant, which have undergone the lenition of the initial liquid consonant.
- Its use is however almost undisputed before nouns (or nominalized forms of other parts of speech, most often adjectives) that begin with vowels. In this case the form is an apocopic l'. Otherwise, illiquid definite articles are phonetically absorbed by the following noun. I.e: l'arancinu (liquid) and ârancinu (illiquid).
Inflection
Sicilian articles | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Masculine singular definite article | Feminine singular definite article | Masculine and feminine plural definite article | ||
Definite articles (liquid) | lu | la | li | |
Definite articles (illiquid) | u | a | i | |
Definite articles | nu (also: un,'n) | na |
Etymology 2
From the apheresis of Vulgar Latin *illu, from Latin illum, from ille.
Alternative forms
- -lu (enclitic)
- u (illiquid form)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /lu/ (stressed)
- IPA(key): /lʊ/ (unstressed)
Pronoun
lu m sg (plural li, female la)
- (accusative) him
- Lu canusci? ― Do you know him?
- Synonym: u
- (accusative) it, this or that thing
- Synonym: u
- Quannu ti lu desi. ― When I gave it to you.
Usage notes
- This pronoun is now an obsolete variant. It is currently used only in some restricted areas where it is still withheld in conversational communications.
- Today it is mostly used in crystallized contexts, such as singing, poetry or sayings and proverbs. In all these cases this definite article is more euphonetic than the variants, now predominant, which have undergone the lenition of the initial liquid consonant.
- Its use is however almost undisputed before words that begin with vowels. In this case the form is an apocopic l'.
Tocharian A
Etymology
Probably from Proto-Indo-European *luhxeh₂, through a Proto-Tocharian *luwā-. Compare Tocharian B luwo. May be distantly related Old Church Slavonic ловъ (lovŭ, “the chase”), Serbo-Croatian lȏv (“chase; game animal”); cf. also Ancient Greek λέων (léōn, “lion”).
Noun
lu
- animal
Veps
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *luu, from Proto-Uralic *luwe.
Noun
lu
- bone
Inflection
Inflection of lu (inflection type 13/ma) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative sing. | lu | ||
genitive sing. | lun | ||
partitive sing. | lud | ||
partitive plur. | luid | ||
singular | plural | ||
nominative | lu | lud | |
accusative | lun | lud | |
genitive | lun | luiden | |
partitive | lud | luid | |
essive-instructive | lun | luin | |
translative | luks | luikš | |
inessive | lus | luiš | |
elative | luspäi | luišpäi | |
illative | luhu | luihe | |
adessive | lul | luil | |
ablative | lulpäi | luilpäi | |
allative | lule | luile | |
abessive | luta | luita | |
comitative | lunke | luidenke | |
prolative | ludme | luidme | |
approximative I | lunno | luidenno | |
approximative II | lunnoks | luidennoks | |
egressive | lunnopäi | luidennopäi | |
terminative I | luhusai | luihesai | |
terminative II | lulesai | luilesai | |
terminative III | lussai | — | |
additive I | luhupäi | luihepäi | |
additive II | lulepäi | luilepäi |
Derived terms
- hambazlu
- kül'glu
- melalu
- rindazlu
- ristlu
References
- Zajceva, N. G.; Mullonen, M. I. (2007), “кость”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary], Petrozavodsk: Periodika
Vietnamese
Etymology
Compare Khmer លូ (luu, “large jar”).
Pronunciation
- (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [lu˧˧]
- (Huế) IPA(key): [lʊw˧˧]
- (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA(key): [lʊw˧˧]
Noun
(classifier cái) lu
- big vase used to contain water
Welsh
Pronunciation
- (North Wales) IPA(key): /lɨː/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /liː/
Noun
lu
- Soft mutation of llu.
Mutation
Welsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
llu | lu | unchanged | unchanged |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Zazaki
Alternative forms
- lû
Noun
lu ?
- fox (Vulpes vulpes)
Zou
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /lu˧/
Noun
lu
- head
References
- Lukram Himmat Singh (2013) A Descriptive Grammar of Zou, Canchipur: Manipur University, page 42