llunio
Welsh
Etymology
From llun (“shape; picture”) + -io.
Pronunciation
- (North Wales) IPA(key): /ˈɬɨ̞njɔ/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /ˈɬɪnjɔ/
- Rhymes: -ɨ̞njɔ
Verb
llunio (first-person singular present cynlluniaf)
- to form, shape
- Synonym: ffurfio
- to depict
- Synonym: darlunio
Conjugation
Conjugation (literary)
| singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present indicative/future | lluniaf | lluni | llunia | lluniwn | lluniwch | lluniant | llunir | |
| imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/conditional | lluniwn | llunit | lluniai | lluniem | lluniech | llunient | llunid | |
| preterite | lluniais | lluniaist | lluniodd | lluniasom | lluniasoch | lluniasant | lluniwyd | |
| pluperfect | lluniaswn | lluniasit | lluniasai | lluniasem | lluniasech | lluniasent | lluniasid, lluniesid | |
| present subjunctive | lluniwyf | lluniech | llunio | lluniom | llunioch | lluniont | llunier | |
| imperative | — | llunia | llunied | lluniwn | lluniwch | llunient | llunier | |
| verbal noun | llunio | |||||||
| verbal adjectives | lluniedig, llunedig lluniadwy, llunadwy | |||||||
Conjugation (colloquial)
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| future | llunia i, lluniaf i | lluni di | llunith o/e/hi, lluniff e/hi | lluniwn ni | lluniwch chi | llunian nhw |
| conditional | lluniwn i, llunswn i | lluniet ti, llunset ti | lluniai fo/fe/hi, llunsai fo/fe/hi | llunien ni, llunsen ni | lluniech chi, llunsech chi | llunien nhw, llunsen nhw |
| preterite | lluniais i, llunies i | lluniaist ti, lluniest ti | lluniodd o/e/hi | llunion ni | llunioch chi | llunion nhw |
| imperative | — | llunia | — | — | lluniwch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. | ||||||
Derived terms
- adlunio (“to remodel, to reconstruct”, verb)
- darlunio (“to depict”, verb)
- dylunio (“to delineate”, verb)
- lluniad m (“drawing, diagram”)
- lluniaeth m (“refreshment”)
Mutation
| Welsh mutation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
| llunio | lunio | unchanged | unchanged |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |||
Further reading
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “llunio”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies