liþen
Middle English
Alternative forms
- liðen, liððen
Etymology
From Old English līþan (“to go, travel, sail, be bereft of”), from Proto-West Germanic *līþan, from Proto-Germanic *līþaną (“to go, leave, suffer”), from Proto-Indo-European *leyt- (“to go, depart, die”).
Cognate with North Frisian lyen, lije (“to suffer”), Dutch lijden (“to suffer, dree, abide”), German leiden (“to suffer, brook, permit”). See also lode, lead.
Verb
liþen
- (intransitive, Early Middle English, of a ship) to sail, travel by sea
- (intransitive, Early Middle English) to journey, travel, depart
- (intransitive, Early Middle English) to go, come, walk
- (intransitive, Early Middle English, of projectiles) to fly
- (intransitive, Early Middle English, of love) to come about, develop, exist
Conjugation
- strong
Conjugation of liþen (strong class 1)
| infinitive | (to) liþen, liþe | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | past tense | ||
| 1st-person singular | liþe | laþ | |
| 2nd-person singular | liþest | liþe, laþ | |
| 3rd-person singular | liþeth | laþ | |
| subjunctive singular | liþe | liþe1 | |
| imperative singular | — | ||
| plural2 | liþen, liþe | liþen, liþe | |
| imperative plural | liþeth, liþe | — | |
| participles | liþynge, liþende | liþen, liþe, yliþen, yliþe | |
1Replaced by the indicative in later Middle English.
2Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.
- weak
Conjugation of liþen
| infinitive | (to) liþen | |
|---|---|---|
| indicative | present | past |
| 1st person singular | liþ | liþede |
| 2nd person singular | liþest | liþedest |
| 3rd person singular | liþeþ, liþeth | liþede |
| plural | liþen | liþeden |
| subjunctive | present | past |
| singular | liþe | liþede |
| plural | liþen | liþeden |
| imperative | present | |
| singular | liþe | |
| plural | liþeþ, liþeth | |
| participle | present | past |
| liþende, liþinge | liþed, yliþed | |