liukua
Finnish
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *liukudak. Related to liukas and probably derived from the same root; liuk- + -ua.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈliu̯kuɑˣ/, [ˈliu̯kuɑ(ʔ)]
- Rhymes: -iukuɑ
- Syllabification(key): liu‧ku‧a
Verb
liukua
- to slide (to move in continuous contact with a surface)
- Synonyms: liirata, luisua
- Lumi liukuu alas vuorenrinnettä.
- Snow slides down the side of a mountain
- to slide, glide (to pass along smoothly or unobservedly)
- Synonym: lipua
- Laivaa liukuu veden halki.
- A ship slides through the water.
- (music) to slide (to smoothly pass from one note to another by bending the pitch upwards or downwards)
- (music) to segue (to make a smooth transition from one theme to another)
- Beethovenin sinfoniat liukuvat vaivattomasti teemasta toiseen.
- Beethoven’s symphonies effortlessly segue from one theme to the next.
- (nautical) to plane, hydroplane (of a boat, to move in a way that lifts the bow out of the water)
- Synonym: plaanata
Conjugation
| Inflection of liukua (Kotus type 52*D/sanoa, k- gradation) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative mood | ||||||
| present tense | perfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | liu’un | en liu’u | 1st sing. | olen liukunut | en ole liukunut | |
| 2nd sing. | liu’ut | et liu’u | 2nd sing. | olet liukunut | et ole liukunut | |
| 3rd sing. | liukuu | ei liu’u | 3rd sing. | on liukunut | ei ole liukunut | |
| 1st plur. | liu’umme | emme liu’u | 1st plur. | olemme liukuneet | emme ole liukuneet | |
| 2nd plur. | liu’utte | ette liu’u | 2nd plur. | olette liukuneet | ette ole liukuneet | |
| 3rd plur. | liukuvat | eivät liu’u | 3rd plur. | ovat liukuneet | eivät ole liukuneet | |
| passive | liu’utaan | ei liu’uta | passive | on liu’uttu | ei ole liu’uttu | |
| past tense | pluperfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | liu’uin | en liukunut | 1st sing. | olin liukunut | en ollut liukunut | |
| 2nd sing. | liu’uit | et liukunut | 2nd sing. | olit liukunut | et ollut liukunut | |
| 3rd sing. | liukui | ei liukunut | 3rd sing. | oli liukunut | ei ollut liukunut | |
| 1st plur. | liu’uimme | emme liukuneet | 1st plur. | olimme liukuneet | emme olleet liukuneet | |
| 2nd plur. | liu’uitte | ette liukuneet | 2nd plur. | olitte liukuneet | ette olleet liukuneet | |
| 3rd plur. | liukuivat | eivät liukuneet | 3rd plur. | olivat liukuneet | eivät olleet liukuneet | |
| passive | liu’uttiin | ei liu’uttu | passive | oli liu’uttu | ei ollut liu’uttu | |
| conditional mood | ||||||
| present | perfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | liukuisin | en liukuisi | 1st sing. | olisin liukunut | en olisi liukunut | |
| 2nd sing. | liukuisit | et liukuisi | 2nd sing. | olisit liukunut | et olisi liukunut | |
| 3rd sing. | liukuisi | ei liukuisi | 3rd sing. | olisi liukunut | ei olisi liukunut | |
| 1st plur. | liukuisimme | emme liukuisi | 1st plur. | olisimme liukuneet | emme olisi liukuneet | |
| 2nd plur. | liukuisitte | ette liukuisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte liukuneet | ette olisi liukuneet | |
| 3rd plur. | liukuisivat | eivät liukuisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat liukuneet | eivät olisi liukuneet | |
| passive | liu’uttaisiin | ei liu’uttaisi | passive | olisi liu’uttu | ei olisi liu’uttu | |
| imperative mood | ||||||
| present | perfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | |
| 2nd sing. | liu’u | älä liu’u | 2nd sing. | ole liukunut | älä ole liukunut | |
| 3rd sing. | liukukoon | älköön liukuko | 3rd sing. | olkoon liukunut | älköön olko liukunut | |
| 1st plur. | liukukaamme | älkäämme liukuko | 1st plur. | olkaamme liukuneet | älkäämme olko liukuneet | |
| 2nd plur. | liukukaa | älkää liukuko | 2nd plur. | olkaa liukuneet | älkää olko liukuneet | |
| 3rd plur. | liukukoot | älkööt liukuko | 3rd plur. | olkoot liukuneet | älkööt olko liukuneet | |
| passive | liu’uttakoon | älköön liu’uttako | passive | olkoon liu’uttu | älköön olko liu’uttu | |
| potential mood | ||||||
| present | perfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | liukunen | en liukune | 1st sing. | lienen liukunut | en liene liukunut | |
| 2nd sing. | liukunet | et liukune | 2nd sing. | lienet liukunut | et liene liukunut | |
| 3rd sing. | liukunee | ei liukune | 3rd sing. | lienee liukunut | ei liene liukunut | |
| 1st plur. | liukunemme | emme liukune | 1st plur. | lienemme liukuneet | emme liene liukuneet | |
| 2nd plur. | liukunette | ette liukune | 2nd plur. | lienette liukuneet | ette liene liukuneet | |
| 3rd plur. | liukunevat | eivät liukune | 3rd plur. | lienevät liukuneet | eivät liene liukuneet | |
| passive | liu’uttaneen | ei liu’uttane | passive | lienee liu’uttu | ei liene liu’uttu | |
| Nominal forms | ||||||
| infinitives | participles | |||||
| active | passive | active | passive | |||
| 1st | liukua | present | liukuva | liu’uttava | ||
| long 1st2 | liukuakseen | past | liukunut | liu’uttu | ||
| 2nd | inessive1 | liukuessa | liu’uttaessa | agent1, 3 | liukuma | |
| instructive | liukuen | — | negative | liukumaton | ||
| 3rd | inessive | liukumassa | — | 1) Usually with a possessive suffix. 2) Used only with a possessive suffix; this is the form for the third-person singular and third-person plural. | ||
| elative | liukumasta | — | ||||
| illative | liukumaan | — | ||||
| adessive | liukumalla | — | ||||
| abessive | liukumatta | — | ||||
| instructive | liukuman | liu’uttaman | ||||
| 4th | nominative | liukuminen | ||||
| partitive | liukumista | |||||
| 5th2 | liukumaisillaan | |||||
Derived terms
- nouns: liuku, liukuma, liukuminen, liukuri, liu’unta
- adjectives: liukuva
- verbs: liukahtaa, liu’uttaa
Related terms
- lipua
- liukas
Ingrian
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *liukudak. Cognates include Finnish liukua and Estonian liuguda.
Pronunciation
- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈliu̯kuɑ/, [ˈlʲiu̯ko̞]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈliu̯kuɑ/, [ˈliu̯kuɑ]
- Rhymes: -iu̯kuɑ
- Hyphenation: liu‧ku‧a
Verb
liukua
- (intransitive) to skate; to slide; to ski; to bike
- 1936, D. I. Efimov, Lukukirja: Inkeroisia alkușkouluja vart (ensimäine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 12:
- Liukuut konjkiil ja kelkkoil, lumenka tiukkaat, laatiit lumiukkoja, mäkijä tekkööt, veenkä valeloot ja pakkaist kutsuut.
- They are skating on ice skates and sliding on sleds, they're playing with the snow, making snowmen, making sledging hills, pouring [each other] with water and inviting the frost.
-
Conjugation
| Conjugation of liukua (type 1/ampua, iuk-ivv gradation) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indikativa | |||||
| Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | livvun | en livvu | 1st singular | oon liukunt, oon liukunut | en oo liukunt, en oo liukunut |
| 2nd singular | livvut | et livvu | 2nd singular | oot liukunt, oot liukunut | et oo liukunt, et oo liukunut |
| 3rd singular | liukuu | ei livvu | 3rd singular | ono liukunt, ono liukunut | ei oo liukunt, ei oo liukunut |
| 1st plural | livvumma | emmä livvu | 1st plural | oomma liukunneet | emmä oo liukunneet |
| 2nd plural | livvutta | että livvu | 2nd plural | ootta liukunneet | että oo liukunneet |
| 3rd plural | liukuut1), liukuvat2), livvutaa | evät livvu | 3rd plural | ovat liukunneet | evät oo liukunneet |
| impersonal | livvutaa | ei livvuta | impersonal | ono livvuttu | ei oo livvuttu |
| Imperfekta | Pluskvamperfekta | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | livvuin | en liukunt, en liukunut | 1st singular | olin liukunt, olin liukunut | en olt liukunt, en olt liukunut |
| 2nd singular | livvuit | et liukunt, et liukunut | 2nd singular | olit liukunt, olit liukunut | et olt liukunt, et olt liukunut |
| 3rd singular | liukui | ei liukunt, ei liukunut | 3rd singular | oli liukunt, oli liukunut | ei olt liukunt, ei olt liukunut |
| 1st plural | livvuimma | emmä liukunneet | 1st plural | olimma liukunneet | emmä olleet liukunneet |
| 2nd plural | livvuitta | että liukunneet | 2nd plural | olitta liukunneet | että olleet liukunneet |
| 3rd plural | liukuit1), liukuivat2), livvuttii | evät liukunneet | 3rd plural | olivat liukunneet | evät olleet liukunneet |
| impersonal | livvuttii | ei livvuttu | impersonal | oli livvuttu | ei olt livvuttu |
| Konditsionala | |||||
| Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | liukuisin | en liukuis | 1st singular | olisin liukunt, olisin liukunut | en olis liukunt, en olis liukunut |
| 2nd singular | liukuisit, liukuist1) | et liukuis | 2nd singular | olisit liukunt, olisit liukunut | et olis liukunt, et olis liukunut |
| 3rd singular | liukuis | ei liukuis | 3rd singular | olis liukunt, olis liukunut | ei olis liukunt, ei olis liukunut |
| 1st plural | liukuisimma | emmä liukuis | 1st plural | olisimma liukunneet | emmä olis liukunneet |
| 2nd plural | liukuisitta | että liukuis | 2nd plural | olisitta liukunneet | että olis liukunneet |
| 3rd plural | liukuisiit1), liukuisivat2), livvuttais | evät liukuis | 3rd plural | olisivat liukunneet | evät olis liukunneet |
| impersonal | livvuttais | ei livvuttais | impersonal | olis livvuttu | ei olis livvuttu |
| Imperativa | |||||
| Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | — | — | 1st singular | — | — |
| 2nd singular | livvu | elä livvu | 2nd singular | oo liukunt, oo liukunut | elä oo liukunt, elä oo liukunut |
| 3rd singular | liukukoo | elköö liukuko | 3rd singular | olkoo liukunt, olkoo liukunut | elköö olko liukunt, elköö olko liukunut |
| 1st plural | — | — | 1st plural | — | — |
| 2nd plural | liukukaa | elkää liukuko | 2nd plural | olkaa liukunneet | elkää olko liukunneet |
| 3rd plural | liukukoot | elkööt liukuko | 3rd plural | olkoot liukunneet | elkööt olko liukunneet |
| impersonal | livvuttakkoo | elköö livvuttako | impersonal | olkoo livvuttu | elköö olko livvuttu |
| Potentsiala | |||||
| Preesens | |||||
| positive | negative | ||||
| 1st singular | liukunen | en liukune | |||
| 2nd singular | liukunet | et liukune | |||
| 3rd singular | liukunoo | ei liukune | |||
| 1st plural | liukunemma | emmä liukune | |||
| 2nd plural | liukunetta | että liukune | |||
| 3rd plural | liukunoot | evät liukune | |||
| impersonal | livvuttannoo | ei livvuttane | |||
| Nominal forms | |||||
| Infinitivat | Partisipat | ||||
| active | passive | ||||
| 1st | liukua | present | liukuva | livvuttava | |
| 2nd | inessive | liukujees | past | liukunt, liukunut | livvuttu |
| instructive | liukuen | 1) Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect. 2) Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect. *) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (liukukaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well. **) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) to the indicative, or -kse to the potential. ***) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition. | |||
| 3rd | illative | liukumaa | |||
| inessive | liukumaas | ||||
| elative | liukumast | ||||
| abessive | liukumata | ||||
| 4th | nominative | liukumiin | |||
| partitive | liukumista, liukumist | ||||
Related terms
- liukas (“slippery”)
References
- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 269