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释义

list

See also: List, līst, лист, and ліст

English

WOTD – 19 October 2018
The white printed strip is the selvage of a piece of cloth. Such selvage is sometimes made with list (sense 2)
A list (sense 3) of the Roman Catholic popes buried in St. Peter’s Basilica on a plaque at the entrance to the Sacristy

Pronunciation

  • enPR: lĭst, IPA(key): /lɪst/
  • Audio (GA)(file)
  • Audio (AU)(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɪst
  • Homophone: Liszt

Etymology 1

From Middle English lī̆st, lī̆ste (“band, stripe; hem, selvage; border, edge, rim; list, specification; barriers enclosing area for jousting, etc.”), from Old English līste (“hem, edge, strip”), or Old French liste, listre (“border; band; strip of paper; list”), or Medieval Latin lista,[1] all from Proto-West Germanic *līstā, from Proto-Germanic *līstǭ (“band, strip; hem, selvage; border, edge”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *leys- (“to trace, track”). The word is cognate with Saterland Frisian Lieste (“margin, strip, list”), Dutch lijst (“picture frame, list”), German Low German Liest (“edging, border”), German Leiste (“strip, rail, ledge; (heraldry) bar”), Swedish lista (“list”), Icelandic lista, listi (“list”), Italian lista (“list; strip”), Portuguese lista (“list”), Spanish lista (“list, roll; stripe”), Galician lista (“band, strip; list”), Finnish lista (“(informal) list; batten”).

Noun

list (plural lists)

  1. A strip of fabric, especially from the edge of a piece of cloth.
    • c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, “Measure for Measure”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act I, scene ii], lines 27–34, page 62, column 1:
      1. Gent[leman]. Well: there went but a paire of ſheeres betweene vs. / Luc[io]. I grant: as there may betweene the Liſts, and the Veluet. Thou art the Liſt. / 1. Gent. And thou the Veluet. Thou art good Veluet; thou'rt a three pild-piece I warrant thee: I had as liefe be a Lyſt of an Engliſh Kerſey, as be pil'd, as thou art pil'd, for a French Veluet. Do I ſpeake feelingly now?
      1st Gentleman. Well, you and I are cut from the same cloth. / Lucio. I agree: just as the lists [scraps from the edge of the cloth] and the velvet are from the same cloth. You are the list. / 1st Gentleman. And you are the velvet. You are good velvet; you are a three-piled piece, I'll bet. I would willingly be a list of an English kersey, than be full of piles [haemorrhoids], as you are piled, like a French velvet. Do I speak feelingly now?
    • 1913, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, The Poison Belt‎:
      Why should we not send a message out over London which would attract to us anyone who might still be alive? I ran across, and pulling at the list-covered rope, I was surprised to find how difficult it was to swing the bell.
  2. Material used for cloth selvage.
    • 1871 September 18, “The Jewish New Year”, in The Jewish Herald: A Record of Christian Effort for the Salvation of Israel, London: John Snow & Co., […]; and the British Society [for the Propagation of the Gospel Among the Jews], […], published 1 November 1871, OCLC 749304689, page 174:
      Previous to the offering up of prayer, however, the persons chosen for this office [of praying for the people] had divested themselves of their boots and put on list slippers, their hands being washed by "the descendants of Levi" at a basin near the Holy of Holies.
    • 1893, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “The Naval Treaty”, in The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes, New York, N.Y.: A. L. Burt, OCLC 691143; republished London: John Murray, […], January 1950, OCLC 632221174, page 255:
      "How is it, then, that the woman who came into the room about nine left to traces with her muddy boots?" / "I am glad you raise the point. It occurred to me at the time. The charwomen are in the habit of taking off their boots at the commissionaire's office, and putting on list slippers."
  3. A register or roll of paper consisting of a compilation or enumeration of a set of possible items; the compilation or enumeration itself. [from 1600]
    • 1625, Francis [Bacon], “Of Youth and Age. XLII.”, in The Essayes […], 3rd edition, London: […] Iohn Haviland for Hanna Barret, OCLC 863521290, pages 247–248:
      Natures that haue much Heat, and great and violent deſires and Perturbations, are not ripe for Action, till they haue paſſed the Meridian of their yeares: As it was with Iulius Cæſar, and Septimius Seuerus. […] And yet he [Septimus Severus] was the Ableſt Emperour, almoſt, of all the Liſt.
    • 1843 December 19, Charles Dickens, “Stave I. Marley’s Ghost.”, in A Christmas Carol. In Prose. Being a Ghost Story of Christmas, London: Chapman & Hall, […], OCLC 55746801, pages 11–12:
      "Scrooge and Marley's, I believe," said one of the gentlemen, referring to his list. "Have I the pleasure of addressing Mr. Scrooge, or Mr. Marley?"
    • 2013 June 29, “A punch in the gut: How microbes promote liver cancer in the overweight”, in The Economist‎, volume 407, number 8842, pages 72–73:
      Mostly, the microbiome is beneficial. […] Research over the past few years, however, has implicated it in diseases from atherosclerosis to asthma to autism. Dr Yoshimoto and his colleagues would like to add liver cancer to that list.
  4. (in the plural, historical) The barriers or palisades used to fence off a space for jousting or tilting tournaments.
    • 1595 December 9 (first known performance), William Shakespeare, “The life and death of King Richard the Second”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act I, scene 3]:
      On pain of death, no person be so bold
      Or daring-hardy as to touch the lists,
      Except the marshal and such officers
      Appointed to direct these fair designs.
    • 1662, [Samuel Butler], “[The First Part of Hudibras]”, in Hudibras. The First and Second Parts. […], London: […] John Martyn and Henry Herringman, […], published 1678, OCLC 890163163; republished in A[lfred] R[ayney] Waller, editor, Hudibras: Written in the Time of the Late Wars, Cambridge: University Press, 1905, OCLC 963614346, canto II, page 32:
      With Truncheon tip'd with Iron head, / The Warrior to the Lists [he] led; […]
    • 1715, Homer; [Alexander] Pope, transl., “Book III”, in The Iliad of Homer, volume I, London: […] W[illiam] Bowyer, for Bernard Lintott […], OCLC 670734254, lines 319–323, page 16:
      Ariſe, O Father of the Trojan State! / The Nations call, thy joyful People wait, / To ſeal the Truce and end the dire Debate. / Paris thy Son, and Sparta’s King advance, / In meaſur’d Liſts to toſs the weighty Lance; […]
    • 1820, Walter Scott, chapter VIII, in Ivanhoe; a Romance. […], volume I, Edinburgh: […] Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Hurst, Robinson, and Co. […], OCLC 230694662, page 139:
      William de Wyvil, and Stephen de Martival, […] armed at all points, rode up and down the lists to enforce and preserve good order among the spectators.
    • 1951, C. S. Lewis, “Chapter 14. How All Were Very Busy”, in Prince Caspian:
      They ran down to the lists and Peter came outside the ropes to meet them, his face red and sweaty, his chest heaving.
  5. (in the plural, military, historical) The scene of a military contest; the ground or field of combat; an enclosed space that serves as a battlefield; the site of a pitched battle.
    • 1862, John Williamson Palmer, Stonewall Jackson's Way :
      Come, stack arms, Men! Pile on the rails; stir up the campfire bright; no matter if the canteen fails, we'll make a roaring night. Here Shenandoah brawls along, there burly Blue Ridge echoes strong, to swell the Brigade's rousing song, of “Stonewall Jackson’s Way.”
      We see him now — the old slouched hat cocked o’er his eye askew, the shrewd, dry smile, the speech so pat, so calm, so blunt, so true. The “Blue-Light Elder” knows ’em well; says he, “That’s Banks — he’s fond of shell; Lord save his soul! We’ll give him” — well, that’s “Stonewall Jackson’s Way.”
      Silence! Ground arms! Kneel all! Caps off! Old Blue Light’s going to pray. Strangle the fool that dares to scoff: Attention! 'Tis his way. Appealing from his native sod in forma pauperis to God: “Lay bare thine arm, stretch forth thy rod! Amen!” That’s “Stonewall’s Way.”
      He’s in the saddle now. Fall in! Steady, the whole brigade! Hill’s at the ford, cut off — we’ll win his way out, ball and blade! What matter if our shoes are worn? What matter if our feet are torn? “Quick step! We’re with him before the morn!” That’s “Stonewall Jackson’s Way.”
      The sun’s bright lances rout the mists of morning, and by George! Here’s Longstreet struggling in the lists, hemmed in an ugly gorge. Pope and his Yankees, whipped before, “Bay’nets and grape!” hear Stonewall roar; “Charge, Stuart! Pay off Ashby’s score!” in “Stonewall Jackson’s Way.”
      Ah! Maiden, wait and watch and yearn for news of Stonewall’s band! Ah! Widow read with eyes that burn that ring upon thy hand. Ah! Wife, sew on, pray on, hope on! Thy life shall not be all forlorn. The foe had better ne’er been born that gets in “Stonewall’s Way.”
  6. (computing, programming) A codified representation of a list used to store data or in processing; especially, in the Lisp programming language, a data structure consisting of a sequence of zero or more items.
    • 1985 March 10, Ed Acly, “A Tale of Three Languages: C, Ada & Lisp”, in Computerworld: The Newsweekly for the Computer Community, volume XIX, number 12, Framingham, Mass.: CW Communications, ISSN 0010-4841, OCLC 234191689, page ID/10, columns 1–2:
      Lisp is an applicative language. This means that it is structured around applying functions (operations) to a linked list of arguments that accompany those functions. […] A function call or function definition is only coded in the syntax of a list, which can be of an indefinite length. Thus, the list is the only data structure for a Lisp program.
  7. (architecture) A little square moulding; a fillet or listel.
    • 1788, [John Carter], “STRIÆ”, in The Builder’s Magazine: Or, A Universal Dictionary for Architects, Carpenters, Masons, Bricklayers, &c. […], new edition, London: Printed for E. Newbery, […], OCLC 12051583, page 284:
      STRIÆ, in ancient architecture, the liſts, fillets or rays which ſeparate the ſtriges or flutings of columns.
    • 1876, Edward Shaw; Thomas W[illiam] Silloway; George M[ilford] Harding, “Introduction”, in Civil Architecture; being a Complete Theoretical and Practical System of Building, Containing the Fundamental Principles of the Art. […], 11th edition, Philadelphia, Pa.: Henry Carey Baird & Co., […], OCLC 191228916, page 22, column 2:
      A volute is a kind of spiral scroll, used in the Ionic and Composite capitals, of which it makes the principal characteristic and ornament. […] There are several diversities practised in the volute. In some, the list or edge, throughout all the circumvolutions, is in the same line or plane. […] [I]n others, the canal or one circumvolution is detached from the list of another by a vacuity or aperture.
  8. (carpentry) A narrow strip of wood, especially sapwood, cut from the edge of a board or plank.
  9. (ropemaking) A piece of woollen cloth with which the yarns are grasped by a worker.
  10. (tin-plate manufacture) The first thin coating of tin; a wire-like rim of tin left on an edge of the plate after it is coated.
  11. (obsolete) A stripe.
    • 1650, Thomas Browne, “Of the Same [i.e., the Blacknesse of Negroes]”, in Pseudodoxia Epidemica: […], 2nd edition, London: […] A[braham] Miller, for Edw[ard] Dod and Nath[aniel] Ekins, […], OCLC 152706203, 6th book, page 282:
      Thus the Aſſe having a peculiar mark of a croſſe made by a black liſt down his back, and another athwart, or at right angles down his ſhoulders; common opinion aſcribes this figure unto a peculiar ſignation; ſince that beaſt had the honour to bear our Saviour on his back.
  12. (obsolete) A boundary or limit; a border.
    • c. 1597 (date written), [William Shakespeare], The History of Henrie the Fourth; […], quarto edition, London: […] P[eter] S[hort] for Andrew Wise, […], published 1598, OCLC 932916628, [Act IV, scene i]:
      [W]ere it good / […] to ſet ſo rich a maine / On the nice hazard of one doubtfull houre? / It were not good for therein ſhould we read / The very bottome and the ſoule of hope, / The very liſt, the very vtmost bound / Of all our fortunes.
      Is it good / […] to place so high a stake / On the risky hazard of one doubtful hour? / No, it would be no good for we would read into it that we had reached / The end of our hope, / The very limit, the very utmost boundary / Of all our luck.
Synonyms
  • (enumeration or compilation of items): see Thesaurus:list
Derived terms
  • access control list
  • add to the list
  • adjacency list
  • alist
  • association list
  • backlist
  • blacklist
  • blocklist
  • booklist
  • bucket list
  • buddy list
  • bullet list, bulleted list
  • checklist
  • Christmas list
  • clout list
  • codelist
  • dean's list
  • decklist
  • definition list
  • display list
  • distribution list
  • dropdown list
  • drop-down list
  • droplist
  • e-list
  • finderlist
  • friends list
  • frontlist
  • greylist
  • grocery list
  • guestlist
  • handlist
  • hit list
  • honeydew list
  • honey do list, honey-do list
  • hotlist
  • interlist
  • jump list
  • laundry list
  • life list
  • linked list
  • linklist
  • List 99
  • list box
  • listee
  • listeme
  • listicle
  • listlike
  • listmaker
  • listmaking
  • listmom
  • list price
  • listserver
  • listview
  • listwashing
  • listwise
  • List X
  • listy
  • longlist
  • mailing list
  • material list
  • midlist
  • multilist
  • netlist
  • nodelist
  • no fly list, no-fly list
  • numbered list
  • offlist
  • picklist
  • playlist
  • price list
  • prize list
  • punch list
  • reading list
  • Red List
  • reference list
  • set list, setlist
  • shit list, shitlist
  • shopping list
  • short list
  • shot list, shotlist
  • sick list
  • skip list
  • snagging list
  • stocklist, stock list
  • stop list
  • superlist
  • Swadesh list
  • swaplist
  • tasklist
  • to-do list
  • toplist
  • tracklist
  • transfer list
  • userlist
  • Verlet list
  • waiting list
  • waitlist
  • want list
  • watch list, watchlist
  • whitelist
  • wine list
  • wish list, wishlist
  • word list, wordlist
  • worklist
Collocations
Collocations
  • long list
  • short list
  • whole list
  • full list
  • complete list
  • partial list
  • exhaustive list
  • comprehensive list
  • extensive list
  • detailed list
  • electoral list
  • mental list
  • suspect list
  • impressive list
  • alphabetical list
  • active list
  • official list
  • eligible list
Translations
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Verb

list (third-person singular simple present lists, present participle listing, simple past and past participle listed)

  1. (transitive) To create or recite a list.
  2. (transitive) To place in listings.
    • 1993, Ooi Jin Bee, “The Tropical Rain Forest: Patterns of Exploitation and Trade”, in Tropical Deforestation: The Tyranny of Time, Singapore: Singapore University Press, →ISBN, page 62:
      As the export market for tropical hardwoods expanded, timber from tropical rain forests very rapidly became the dominant or major forest product, dominant to such an extent that trade figures often do not even list the minor forest products exported, or their value.
  3. (transitive) To sew together, as strips of cloth, so as to make a show of colours, or to form a border.
  4. (transitive) To cover with list, or with strips of cloth; to put list on; to stripe as if with list.
    to list a door
    • 1859, Alfred Tennyson, “Vivien”, in Idylls of the King, London: Edward Moxon & Co., […], OCLC 911789798, page 142:
      He raised his eyes and saw / The tree that shone white-listed thro' the gloom.
  5. (transitive, agriculture) To plough and plant with a lister.
  6. (transitive, agriculture, chiefly Southern US) To prepare (land) for a cotton crop by making alternating beds and alleys with a hoe.
  7. (transitive, carpentry) To cut away a narrow strip, as of sapwood, from the edge of.
    to list a board
  8. (transitive, military) To enclose (a field, etc.) for combat.
  9. (transitive, obsolete) To engage a soldier, etc.; to enlist.
    • 1642 October 28, [Philip Morant], History and Antiquities of the Borough of Colchester, in the County of Essex. […], Colchester, Essex: Printed and sold by I. Marsden, [...], published 1810, OCLC 14454124, pages 48–49:
      […] It is therefore ordered that the Maior and Aldermen of Colchester [et al.], shall forthwith procure and raise in the said severall townes, and other pleces adjacent, two thousand horses for dragooners, or as manie as possible they may, for the service as aforesaid, and with all possible speed to send them up to London unto Thomas Browne Grocer, and Maximilian Beard Girdler, by us appointed to list horses for the service aforesaid; […]
    • 1822, [Walter Scott], chapter IV, in Peveril of the Peak. […], volume I, Edinburgh: […] Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Hurst, Robinson, and Co., OCLC 2392685, page 107:
      "I have a gun, madam," said little Julian, "and the park-keeper is to teach me how to fire it next year." / "I will list you for my soldier, then," said the Countess.
  10. (intransitive, obsolete) To engage in public service by enrolling one's name; to enlist.
  11. To give a building of architectural or historical interest listed status; see also the adjective listed.
    • 2021 February 15, Robin Leleux, “Awards honour the best restoration projects: The London Underground Operational Enhancement Award: Hanwell”, in RAIL, number 946, page 55:
      A century later, BR demolished the downside main buildings, so the eastbound and central platforms were promptly listed - which has ensured their survival, albeit increasingly neglected in recent years. This has now been rectified, [...].
Synonyms
  • (create or recite a list): tabulate; see also Thesaurus:tick off
Derived terms
Terms derived from list (verb)
  • delist
  • downlist
  • enlist
  • interlist
  • listable
  • lister
  • mislist
  • relist
  • short-list, shortlist
  • unlist
Translations

Etymology 2

From Middle English list, liste (“ability, cleverness, cunning, skill; adroitness, dexterity; strategem, trick; device, design, token”), from Old English list (“art, craft; cleverness, cunning, experience, skill”),[2] from Proto-West Germanic *listi, from Proto-Germanic *listiz (“art, craft”), from Proto-Indo-European *leys-, *leyǝs- (“furrow, trace, track, trail”). The word is cognate with Dutch list (“artifice, guile, sleight; ruse, strategem”), German List (“cunning, guile; ploy, ruse, trick”), Low German list (“artifice, cunning; prudence, wisdom”), Icelandic list (“art”), Saterland Frisian list (“cunning, knowledge”), Scots list (“art, craft, skill; cunning”), Swedish list (“art; cunning, guile, wile; ruse, trick; stealth”), and possibly Spanish listo (“clever”). It is also related to learn, lore.

Noun

list (uncountable)

  1. (archaic) Art; craft; cunning; skill.
    • 1877 November 16, “Vaticanism”, in The Literary World. Choice Readings from the Best New Books, and Critical Reviews, volume XVI, number 420 (New Series), London: James Clarke & Co., […], OCLC 221123288, page 313, column 3:
      In discussing the Syllabus and the last dogma of 1870, so much must be allowed for Italian list and cunning, or a word-fence. An Englishman, with his matter-of-fact way of putting things, is no match for these gentry.
    • 1893, S[olomon] C[aesar] Malan, chapter XXVI, in Original Notes on the Book of Proverbs. Mostly from Eastern Writings, volume III (Ch. xxi.–xxxi.), London: Williams and Norgate, […], OCLC 610436370, page 349:
      Sophos, fab[le] 40. "The foxes had heard that the fowls were sick, and went to see them decked in peacock's feathers; said of men who speak friendly, but only with list or cunning within."
    • 1897, Lilian Winser, “Lossenbury Woods”, in Lays and Legends of the Weald of Kent, London: Elkin Mathews, […], OCLC 456507096, page 44:
      For when the guileful monster smiled / Snakes left their holes and hissed,— / And stroking soft his silken beard / Raised creatures full of list.
    • 1990, Alexander L. Ringer, “The Rise of Urban Musical Life between the Revolutions, 1789–1848”, in Alexander [L.] Ringer, editor, The Early Romantic Era: Between Revolutions: 1789 and 1848 (Man and Music; 6), Basingstoke, Hampshire; London: The Macmillan Press, DOI:10.1007/978-1-439-11297-5, →ISBN, figure 13, caption, page 22:
      'The general bass, in its fixed lines, is taken by surprise and overwhelmed by List [[Franz] Liszt]' (List = cunning); anonymous lithograph (c 1842).
    • 1992, Reading Medieval Studies: Annual Proceedings of the Graduate Centre for Medieval Studies in the University of Reading, [Reading, Berkshire]: Graduate Centre for Medieval Studies, University of Reading, ISSN 0950-3129, OCLC 624457645, page 92:
      [Der] Pleier […] provides a 'courtly corrective' to Daniel in the shape of his hero, Garel. The latter wins his fight not by list but through straightforward knightly prowess, […]
    • 2000, Jakov Ljubarskij, “John Kinnamos as a Writer”, in Cordula Scholz and Georgios Makris, editors, ΠΟΛΥΠΛΕΥΡΟΣ ΝΟΥΣ [POLYPLEUROS NOUS]: Miscellanea für Peter Schreiner zu seinem 60. Geburtstag [VERSATILE MIND: Miscellanea for Peter Schreiner for His 60th Birthday] (Byzantinisches Archiv [Byzantine Archive]; 19), Munich; Leipzig: K[laus] G[erhard] Saur, →ISBN, footnote 11, page 166:
      It is worth noting that, contrary to Alexios who according to his daughter did not scruple to use any tricks to achieve his goal, Manuel [I Komnenos], as depicted by [John] Kinnamos, preferred "to win by war rather than by list" […].
    • 2008, Jon B. Sherman, The Magician in Medieval German Literature (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation), Urbana; Champaign, Ill.: University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, OCLC 695692595:
      One man can accomplish with list (magic), that which a thousand could not accomplish, regardless of how strong they were.
Synonyms
  • See Thesaurus:cunning

Etymology 3

From Middle English listen, from Old English hlystan (“to listen”), from hlyst (“hearing”), from Proto-West Germanic *hlusti, from Proto-Germanic *hlustiz (“hearing”).

Verb

list (third-person singular simple present lists, present participle listing, simple past and past participle list)

  1. (intransitive, poetic) To listen.
    • c. 1606–1607, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Anthonie and Cleopatra”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act IV, scene iii], page 359, column 1:
      2 [Soldier] Peace, what noiſe? / 1 [Soldier] Liſt liſt. / 2 Hearke. / 1 Music i' th' Ayre.
    • 1801, Thomas Browne, “Delia: A Pastoral Ballad—in Four Parts”, in Poems on Several Occasions, New York, N.Y.: Printed for William Durell, […] by George F. Hopkins, […], OCLC 466635222, part the fourth (Rejection), page 60:
      Go my flock where ye list on the plain, / And leave your fond shepherd to weep; / I shall never be able again / To guide your stray steps, my poor sheep: […]
    • 1860–1861, “What of the Night?”, in Frank Moore, editor, The Rebellion Record: A Diary of American Events, with Documents, Narratives, Illustrative Incidents, Poetry, etc., volume II, New York, N.Y.: G[eorge] P[almer] Putnam, […], published 1862, OCLC 910200780, page 96, column 1:
      We list to the trumpings that herald the storm, / To the roll of the drum, and the order to form!
    • 1865, Sophocles; E[dward] H[ayes] Plumptre, transl., “Philoctetes”, in The Tragedies of Sophocles: A New Translation, with a Biographical Essay, volume II, London; New York, N.Y.: Alexander Strahan, publisher, OCLC 929004381, line 1267, page 247:
      Be of good cheer, and list to what I speak.
    • 1881, Aeschylus; E[dmund] D[oidge] A[nderson] Morshead, transl., “Agamemnon”, in The House of Atreus: Being The Agamemnon, Libation-bearers, and Furies of Æschylus. Translated into English Verse, London: Simpkin and Marshall, […]; Winchester, Hampshire: Warren and Son, […], OCLC 911826265, pages 65–66:
      Ye hold me as a woman, weak of will, / And strive to sway me: but my heart is stout, / Nor fears to speak its uttermost to you, / Albeit ye know its message. Praise or blame, / Even as ye list,—I reck not of your words.
  2. (transitive, poetic) To listen to.
    • c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, The Tragicall Historie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke: […] (Second Quarto), London: […] I[ames] R[oberts] for N[icholas] L[ing] […], published 1604, OCLC 760858814, [Act I, scene iii]:
      Then way what loſſe your honor may ſuſtaine / If with too credent eare you liſt his ſongs / Or looſe your hart, or your chaſt treaſure open / To his vnmaſtred importunity.
Translations

Etymology 4

From Middle English listen, list, liste, leste, lesten (“to choose, desire, wish (to do something)”), from Old English lystan,[3] from Proto-West Germanic *lustijan, from Proto-Germanic *lustijaną, from Proto-Germanic *lustuz (“pleasure”). The word is cognate with Saterland Frisian läste (“to wish for, desire, crave”), West Frisian lêste (“to like, desire”), Dutch lusten (“to appreciate, like; to lust”), German lüsten, gelüsten (“to desire, want, crave”), Danish lyste (“to desire, feel like, want”), Faroese lysta (“to desire”).

The noun sense is from the verb, or from Middle English list, liste, lest, leste (“desire, wish; craving, longing; enjoyment, joy, pleasure”), which is derived from Middle English listen, list (verb).[4]

Verb

list (third-person singular simple present lists, present participle listing, simple past and past participle listed)

  1. (transitive, archaic) To be pleasing to.
  2. (transitive, archaic) To desire, like, or wish (to do something).
    • c. 1536-1542, Thomas Wyatt, “Yf in the world ther be more woo”, in Egerton MS 2711‎, page 63r:
      who liſt to lyue yn quyetnes
      by me lett hym beware
      For I by highe dyſdayne
      ame made withoute redreſſe
      and vnkyndenes Alas hathe ſlayne
      my poore trew hart all comfortles
    • 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act III, scene ii], page 12, column 2:
      If thou beeſt a man, ſhew thy ſelfe in thy likeneſs. If thou beeſt a diuell, take't as thou liſt.
    • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], OCLC 964384981, John 3:8:
      The winde bloweth where it liſteth, and thou heareſt the ſound thereof, but canſt not tel whence it commeth, and whither it goeth: So is euery one that is borne of the Spirit.
    • 1678, John Bunyan, The Pilgrim’s Progress from This World, to That which is to Come: […], London: […] Nath[aniel] Ponder […], OCLC 228725984; reprinted in The Pilgrim’s Progress (The Noel Douglas Replicas), London: Noel Douglas, […], 1928, OCLC 5190338, page 206:
      What! would you have us truſt to what Chriſt in his own perſon has done without us! This conceit would looſen the reines of our luſt, and tollerate us to live as we liſt: For what matter how we live, if we may be Juſtified by Chriſts perſonal righteouſneſs from all, when we believe it?
    • 1843 April, Thomas Carlyle, “Unworking Aristocracy”, in Past and Present, American edition, Boston, Mass.: Charles C[offin] Little and James Brown, published 1843, OCLC 191225086, book III (The Modern Worker), page 177:
      Ye are as gods, that can create soil. Soil-creating gods there is no withstanding. They have the might to sell wheat at what price they list; and the right, to all lengths, and famine-lengths,—if they be pitiless infernal gods!
    • 1959, Leo Strauss, “What is Political Philosophy?”, in What is Political Philosophy?: And Other Studies, Glencoe, Ill.: The Free Press, OCLC 497094, page 51:
      License consists in doing what one lists; liberty consists in doing in the right manner the good only; and our knowledge of the good must come from a higher principle, from above.
    • 1994, John [Wyon] Burrow, The Historian: The Magazine for Members of the Historical Association, London: The Historical Association, ISSN 0265-1076, OCLC 423924578, page 176, column 2:
      The spirit seemed to blow where it listed among a historically motley collection of Catholic theologians, Puritan zealots and American squires.
Translations

Noun

list

  1. (obsolete) Desire, inclination.
    • c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, The Tragœdy of Othello, the Moore of Venice. […] (First Quarto), London: […] N[icholas] O[kes] for Thomas Walkley, […], published 1622, OCLC 724111485, [Act II, scene i], page 24:
      I know too much: / I finde it, I; for when I ha liſt to ſleepe, / Mary, before your Ladiſhip I grant, / She puts her tongue alittle in her heart, / And chides with thinking.
      I know, [she talks] too much: / I find that, when I have desire to sleep. / Indeed, before your Ladyship I admit, / She keeps a little quiet, / And scolds me with her thoughts.
Derived terms
  • listful
  • listless

Etymology 5

Uncertain;[5] possibly from tilting on lists in jousts,[6] or from Etymology 4 in the sense of inclining towards what one desires.[7]

Noun

list (plural lists)

  1. (architecture) A tilt to a building.
  2. (nautical) A careening or tilting to one side, usually not intentionally or under a vessel's own power. [from early 17th c.]
Translations

Verb

list (third-person singular simple present lists, present participle listing, simple past and past participle listed)

  1. (transitive, nautical) To cause (something) to tilt to one side. [from early 17th c.]
    the steady wind listed the ship
  2. (intransitive, nautical) To tilt to one side. [from early 17th c.]
    the ship listed to port
    • 2000, Bob Foster, Birdum or Bust!, Henley Beach, SA: Seaview Press, page 173:
      Even a small camber one way caused the whole outfit to list alarmingly.
Translations

References

  1. “lī̆st(e, n.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 16 June 2018.
  2. “list(e, n.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 24 June 2018.
  3. “listen, v.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 17 June 2018.
  4. “list, n.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 17 June 2018.
  5. “list”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
  6. William Long (6 November 2005), “List..the Word II”, in Drbilllong.com‎, archived from the original on 2012-04-20.
  7. Douglas Harper (2001–2023), “list, n. 3”, in Online Etymology Dictionary, retrieved 24 June 2018.

Further reading

  • list (disambiguation) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
  • list in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913
  • list in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911
  • list at OneLook Dictionary Search

Anagrams

  • &lits, lits, silt, slit, tils

Chinese

Etymology

From English list.

Pronunciation

  • Cantonese (Jyutping): li1 si2
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: li1 si2
      • Yale: lī sí
      • Cantonese Pinyin: li1 si2
      • Guangdong Romanization: li1 xi2
      • Sinological IPA (key): /liː⁵⁵ siː³⁵/
  • Also pronounced as IPA(key): /lɪs⁵⁵/

Noun

list

  1. (Hong Kong Cantonese) list; enumeration or compilation of items; the paper or document of which the list is written or printed on (Classifier: 個／个 c; 張／张 c; 條／条 c)

Verb

list

  1. (Hong Kong Cantonese) to list; to create a list of items

Czech

Etymology

From Old Czech list, from Proto-Slavic *listъ (“leaf”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈlɪst]
  • audio(file)

Noun

list m inan

  1. leaf (green and flat organ of vegetative plants)
  2. (archaic) letter (written message)
    Synonyms: dopis, psaní
  3. sheet (sheet of paper)
  4. newspaper
    Polský list Dziennik Gazeta Prawna nejdříve napsal, že polská hlava státu podepíše dokument ve středu. (iDNES)
  5. certificate (document containing a certified statement)
    rodnýlist ― birth certificate
    úmrtnílist ― death certificate

Declension

Declension of list
singularplural
nominativelistlisty
genitivelistulistů
dativelistulistům
accusativelistlisty
vocativelistelisty
locativelistu, listělistech
instrumentallistemlisty

Derived terms

Related terms
  • habrolistý
  • lísteček
  • lístek
  • listina
  • listnatý
  • listonoš
  • listopad
  • listí
  • listoví
  • listovat
  • palist
  • prolistovat
  • zalistovat
  • zalistovat si
  • rodný list
  • dvojlist
  • trojlist
  • úmrtní list
  • zápočtový list

See also

  • doklad
  • dokument

Further reading

  • list in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
  • list in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
  • list in Internetová jazyková příručka

Danish

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈlesd/, [ˈle̝st]

Noun

list c (singular definite listen, not used in plural form)

  1. cunning, trick

Verb

list

  1. imperative of liste

References

  • “list” in Den Danske Ordbog

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch list, from Old Dutch list, from Proto-Germanic *listiz.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /lɪst/
  • Audio(file)
  • Hyphenation: list
  • Rhymes: -ɪst

Noun

list f (plural listen, diminutive listje n)

  1. a cunning plan, a ruse, a trick

Derived terms

  • listig

Descendants

  • Afrikaans: lis
  • Negerhollands: list

Anagrams

  • silt, stil

Faroese

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /lɪst/
  • Rhymes: -ɪst
  • Homophone: lyst

Noun

list f (genitive singular listar, plural listir)

  1. art

Declension

Declension of list
f2singularplural
indefinitedefiniteindefinitedefinite
nominativelistlistinlistirlistirnar
accusativelistlistinalistirlistirnar
dativelistlistinilistumlistunum
genitivelistarlistarinnarlistalistanna

Icelandic

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /lɪst/
  • Rhymes: -ɪst
  • Homophone: lyst

Noun

list f (genitive singular listar, nominative plural listir)

  1. art
    Þettaer ekki list!
    That's not art!

Declension

declension of list
f-s2singularplural
indefinitedefiniteindefinitedefinite
nominativelistlistinlistirlistirnar
accusativelistlistinalistirlistirnar
dativelistlistinnilistumlistunum
genitivelistarlistarinnarlistalistanna

Derived terms

  • listasafn
  • listasaga
  • listaverk
  • listasalur
  • listaskóli
  • listsýning
  • ljóðlist
  • tónlist

Anagrams

  • slit

Lower Sorbian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *listъ (“leaf”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /list/, [lʲist]

Noun

list m (diminutive listk)

  1. leaf, foliage
  2. letter (a written message)

Declension

Declension of list
SingularDualPlural
Nominativelistlistalisty
Genitivelistalistowulistow
Dativelistojulistomalistam
Accusativelistlistalisty
Instrumentallistomlistomalistami
Locativelisćelistomalistach

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology 1

From Old Norse list.

Noun

list m or f (definite singular lista or listen)

  1. cunning, craftiness, slyness
  2. skirting board

Verb

list

  1. imperative of liste

References

  • “list” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Old Norse list.

Noun

list f (definite singular lista)

  1. cunning, craftiness, slyness

References

  • “list” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *listiz. Cognate with Old Saxon list, Dutch list, Old High German list (German List), Old Norse list (Swedish list).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /list/

Noun

list m or f

  1. art; cunning, guile, craft

Declension

Declension of list (strong i-stem)
CaseSingularPlural
nominativelistlistas
accusativelistlistas
genitivelisteslista
dativelistelistum
Declension of list (strong ō-stem)
CaseSingularPlural
nominativelistlista, liste
accusativelistelista, liste
genitivelistelista
dativelistelistum

Descendants

  • Middle English: liste
    • Scots: list
    • English: list

Old Swedish

Etymology

From Old Norse list, from Proto-Germanic *listiz.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /list/

Noun

list f

  1. skill, proficiency
  2. art, craft
  3. cunning, slyness
  4. resort

Declension

Declension of list (i-stem)
singularplural
indefinitedefiniteindefinitedefinite
nominativelistlistinlisti(r), -e(r)listina(r), -ena(r)
accusativelistlistina, -enalisti(r), -e(r)listina(r), -ena(r)
dativelistlistinni, -innelistum, -omlistumin, -omen
genitivelista(r)listinna(r)listalistanna

Descendants

  • Swedish: list

Polish

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /list/
  • Audio(file)
  • Rhymes: -ist
  • Syllabification: list

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *listъ (“leaf”).

Noun

list m inan (diminutive liścik)

  1. letter (a written message)
Declension
Declension of list
singularplural
nominativelistlisty
genitivelistulistów
dativelistowilistom
accusativelistlisty
instrumentallistemlistami
locativeliścielistach
vocativeliścielisty
Derived terms
  • listonosz

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

list f

  1. genitive plural of lista

Further reading

  • list in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • list in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic листъ (listŭ).

Noun

list n (plural listuri)

  1. (obsolete) leaf, page

Declension

Declension of list
singularplural
indefinite articulationdefinite articulationindefinite articulationdefinite articulation
nominative/accusative(un) listlistul(niște) listurilisturile
genitive/dative(unui) listlistului(unor) listurilisturilor
vocativelistulelisturilor

References

  • list in Academia Română, Micul dicționar academic, ediția a II-a, Bucharest: Univers Enciclopedic, 2010. →ISBN

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *listъ (“leaf”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /lîːst/

Noun

lȋst m (Cyrillic spelling ли̑ст)

  1. leaf
    Synonym: lȉska
  2. (computing) leaf
  3. sheet (of paper or other material manufactured in thin sheets)
  4. a special purpose certificate (any official document attesting a fact, e.g. of birth, ownership etc.)
  5. newsletter, newspaper
  6. (obsolete) letter (written message)
  7. calf (leg part)
  8. sole, flatfish (fish species)
  9. (card games) leaves

Declension

Declension of list
singularplural
nominativelȋstlȉstovi
genitivelistalȉstōvā
dativelistulistovima
accusativelistlistove
vocativelistulistovi
locativelistulistovima
instrumentallistomlistovima
  • lišće

See also

German suits in Serbo-Croatian · njemačke boje, nemačke boje, mađarske boje (layout · text)
crvena, srcebundeva, tikvazelena, zelje, listžir

References

  • “list” in Hrvatski jezični portal

Slovak

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *listъ (“leaf”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈlist/

Noun

list m (genitive singular listu, lista, nominative plural listy, genitive plural listov, declension pattern of dub)

  1. letter; a written message
  2. leaf; a part of a tree
  3. sheet; a piece of paper

Declension

Declension of list
singularplural
nominativelistlisty
genitivelistu, listalistov
dativelistulistom
accusativelistlisty
locativelistelistoch
instrumentallistomlistami

Derived terms

  • listový
  • lístok
  • lístkový
  • lístoček
  • listisko

Further reading

  • list in Slovak dictionaries at slovnik.juls.savba.sk

Slovene

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *listъ (“leaf”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /líːst/

Noun

lȋst m inan

  1. piece of paper
  2. leaf
  3. sole
  4. (anatomy) calf (leg part)

Inflection

Masculine inan., hard o-stem
nom. sing.líst
gen. sing.lísta
singulardualplural
nominative
(imenovȃlnik)		lístlístalísti
genitive
(rodȋlnik)		lístalístovlístov
dative
(dajȃlnik)		lístulístomalístom
accusative
(tožȋlnik)		lístlístalíste
locative
(mẹ̑stnik)		lístulístihlístih
instrumental
(orọ̑dnik)		lístomlístomalísti
  • lístje

Further reading

  • “list”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran

Swedish

Pronunciation

  • Audio(file)

Etymology 1

From Old Swedish list, from Old Norse list, from Proto-Germanic *listiz, from Proto-Indo-European *leys-, *leyǝs-. Cognate with Icelandic list.

Noun

list c

  1. smartness, trick, cunning
Declension
Declension of list 
SingularPlural
IndefiniteDefiniteIndefiniteDefinite
Nominativelistlistenlisterlisterna
Genitivelistslistenslisterslisternas
  • listig

See also

  • lust

Etymology 2

From Old Swedish lista, probably from Middle Low German lîste, from Proto-Germanic *līstǭ. Cognate with Danish liste, Icelandic lista.

Noun

list c

  1. a strip (of wood or metal, a thin and long board), a border, a beading
  2. (graphical user interface) a bar
Declension
Declension of list 
SingularPlural
IndefiniteDefiniteIndefiniteDefinite
Nominativelistlistenlisterlisterna
Genitivelistslistenslisterslisternas
Derived terms
  • golvlist
  • kromlist
  • statuslist

See also

  • lista

References

  • list in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)

Anagrams

  • lits, silt, slit, stil

Upper Sorbian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *listъ (“leaf”).

Noun

list m

  1. letter

Further reading

  • “list” in Soblex
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