lind

See also: Lind

English

Etymology

From Middle English lind, linde, from Old English lind, from Proto-West Germanic *lindu, from Proto-Germanic *lindō.

Cognate with Dutch linde, German Linde, Swedish lind. Cognate to Albanian lëndë (“wood, timber, material”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /lɪnd/
Rhymes: -ɪnd

Noun

lind (plural linds)

(obsolete) the lime tree, or linden tree

Albanian

Etymology

Nasal present of lej. From Proto-Albanian *(a)liienT-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (“to grow, feed”). Possibly, an original present participle. Compare Old English leodan, Old Saxon liodan, Old High German liotan, Old Norse loðenn (“to grow”), lind (“wellspring”).

Verb

lind (first-person singular past tense linda, participle lindur)

to give birth, bear (child)

Synonyms

lej

Danish

Pronunciation

Rhymes: -end

Etymology 1

From Old Norse lind.

Adjective

lind

soft
thin

Inflection

Inflection of lind
	Positive	Comparative	Superlative
Common singular	lind	—	—²
Neuter singular	lindt	—	—²
Plural	linde	—	—²
Definite attributive¹	linde	—	—
1) When an adjective is applied predicatively to something definite, the corresponding "indefinite" form is used. 2) The "indefinite" superlatives may not be used attributively.

Etymology 2

From Old Norse lind.

Noun

lind c (singular definite linden, plural indefinite linde)

linden, lime, basswood (Tilia)

Inflection

Declension of lind

common gender	Singular		Plural
common gender	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	lind	linden	linde	lindene
genitive	linds	lindens	lindes	lindenes

Estonian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *lintu, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *lunta or *linta, compare with Finnish lintu, Ter Sami lonnˈt, Mansi лунт (lunt) and Hungarian lúd.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈlind̥/, [ˈlʲind̥]

Noun

lind (genitive linnu, partitive lindu)

bird

Declension

Declension of lind (type riik)

	singular	plural
nominative	lind	linnud
genitive	linnu	lindude
partitive	lindu	linde / lindusid
illative	lindu / linnusse	lindudesse / linnesse
inessive	linnus	lindudes / linnes
elative	linnust	lindudest / linnest
allative	linnule	lindudele / linnele
adessive	linnul	lindudel / linnel
ablative	linnult	lindudelt / linnelt
translative	linnuks	lindudeks / linneks
terminative	linnuni	lindudeni
essive	linnuna	lindudena
abessive	linnuta	lindudeta
comitative	linnuga	lindudega

German

Etymology

From Middle High German linde, from Old High German lind, lindi, from Proto-West Germanic *linþ(ī). Compare English lithe.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /lɪnt/
Audio (file)

Adjective

lind (strong nominative masculine singular linder, comparative linder, superlative am lindesten or am lindsten)

(archaic, poetic) mild; gentle

Declension

Positive forms of lind

number & gender		singular			plural
number & gender		masculine	feminine	neuter	all genders
predicative		er ist lind	sie ist lind	es ist lind	sie sind lind
strong declension (without article)	nominative	linder	linde	lindes	linde
	genitive	linden	linder	linden	linder
	dative	lindem	linder	lindem	linden
	accusative	linden	linde	lindes	linde
weak declension (with definite article)	nominative	der linde	die linde	das linde	die linden
	genitive	des linden	der linden	des linden	der linden
	dative	dem linden	der linden	dem linden	den linden
	accusative	den linden	die linde	das linde	die linden
mixed declension (with indefinite article)	nominative	ein linder	eine linde	ein lindes	(keine) linden
	genitive	eines linden	einer linden	eines linden	(keiner) linden
	dative	einem linden	einer linden	einem linden	(keinen) linden
	accusative	einen linden	eine linde	ein lindes	(keine) linden

Comparative forms of lind

number & gender		singular			plural
number & gender		masculine	feminine	neuter	all genders
predicative		er ist linder	sie ist linder	es ist linder	sie sind linder
strong declension (without article)	nominative	linderer	lindere	linderes	lindere
	genitive	linderen	linderer	linderen	linderer
	dative	linderem	linderer	linderem	linderen
	accusative	linderen	lindere	linderes	lindere
weak declension (with definite article)	nominative	der lindere	die lindere	das lindere	die linderen
	genitive	des linderen	der linderen	des linderen	der linderen
	dative	dem linderen	der linderen	dem linderen	den linderen
	accusative	den linderen	die lindere	das lindere	die linderen
mixed declension (with indefinite article)	nominative	ein linderer	eine lindere	ein linderes	(keine) linderen
	genitive	eines linderen	einer linderen	eines linderen	(keiner) linderen
	dative	einem linderen	einer linderen	einem linderen	(keinen) linderen
	accusative	einen linderen	eine lindere	ein linderes	(keine) linderen

Superlative forms of lind

number & gender		singular			plural
number & gender		masculine	feminine	neuter	all genders
predicative		er ist am lindesten er ist am lindsten	sie ist am lindesten sie ist am lindsten	es ist am lindesten es ist am lindsten	sie sind am lindesten sie sind am lindsten
strong declension (without article)	nominative	lindester lindster	lindeste lindste	lindestes lindstes	lindeste lindste
	genitive	lindesten lindsten	lindester lindster	lindesten lindsten	lindester lindster
	dative	lindestem lindstem	lindester lindster	lindestem lindstem	lindesten lindsten
	accusative	lindesten lindsten	lindeste lindste	lindestes lindstes	lindeste lindste
weak declension (with definite article)	nominative	der lindeste der lindste	die lindeste die lindste	das lindeste das lindste	die lindesten die lindsten
	genitive	des lindesten des lindsten	der lindesten der lindsten	des lindesten des lindsten	der lindesten der lindsten
	dative	dem lindesten dem lindsten	der lindesten der lindsten	dem lindesten dem lindsten	den lindesten den lindsten
	accusative	den lindesten den lindsten	die lindeste die lindste	das lindeste das lindste	die lindesten die lindsten
mixed declension (with indefinite article)	nominative	ein lindester ein lindster	eine lindeste eine lindste	ein lindestes ein lindstes	(keine) lindesten (keine) lindsten
	genitive	eines lindesten eines lindsten	einer lindesten einer lindsten	eines lindesten eines lindsten	(keiner) lindesten (keiner) lindsten
	dative	einem lindesten einem lindsten	einer lindesten einer lindsten	einem lindesten einem lindsten	(keinen) lindesten (keinen) lindsten
	accusative	einen lindesten einen lindsten	eine lindeste eine lindste	ein lindestes ein lindstes	(keine) lindesten (keine) lindsten

Derived terms

gelinde
lindern

Related terms

Lindwurm

Icelandic

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /lɪnt/
Rhymes: -ɪnt

Etymology 1

Probably related to sense 2 (“linden tree”)

Noun

lind f (genitive singular lindar, nominative plural lindir)

spring (place where water emerges from the ground)

Declension

declension of lind

	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
f-s2	singular		plural
nominative	lind	lindin	lindir	lindirnar
accusative	lind	lindina	lindir	lindirnar
dative	lind	lindinni	lindum	lindunum
genitive	lindar	lindarinnar	linda	lindanna

Synonyms

(spring): uppspretta, brunnur, vatnsrás

Derived terms

auðlind (“natural resource”)
gróðalind (“profit source”)
olíulind (“oil source”)
orkulind (“power source”)
tekjulind (“source of income”)

Etymology 2

From Old Norse lind, from Proto-Germanic *lindō.

Noun

lind f (genitive singular lindar, nominative plural lindir)

lime, linden (Tilia)

Declension

declension of lind

	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
f-s2	singular		plural
nominative	lind	lindin	lindir	lindirnar
accusative	lind	lindina	lindir	lindirnar
dative	lind	lindinni	lindum	lindunum
genitive	lindar	lindarinnar	linda	lindanna

Synonyms

(linden): linditré

References

The Journal of English and Germanic Philology. (1934). United States: Journal Publishing Company, p. 93

Livonian

Etymology 1

From Proto-Finnic *lintu.

Noun

lind

bird

Etymology 2

Likely from Proto-Finnic *lentädäk. i may be by analogy to "bird".

Alternative forms

(Courland) lindõ

Verb

lind

(Salaca) to fly

Ludian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *lintu.

Noun

lind

bird

Middle English

Noun

lind (plural lyndes)

Alternative form of lynde.

References

“lind(e,, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2 May 2018.

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Old Norse lind, from Proto-Germanic *lindō.

Noun

lind f or m (definite singular linda or linden, indefinite plural linder, definite plural lindene)

lime, linden (Tilia)

References

“lind” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Old Norse lind, from Proto-Germanic *lindō.

Noun

lind f (definite singular linda, indefinite plural linder, definite plural lindene)

lime, linden (Tilia)

References

“lind” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *lindu, from Proto-Germanic *lindō.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /lind/

Noun

lind f (nominative plural linde)

lime, linden
(poetic) shield (made from linden wood)

Declension

Declension of lind (strong ō-stem)

Case	Singular	Plural
nominative	lind	linda, linde
accusative	linde	linda, linde
genitive	linde	linda
dative	linde	lindum

Derived terms

lindhæbbend

Descendants

Middle English: lynde, lynd, linde, lind, lyne, lyn
- English: lind, lime
- Scots: lind, lynde, leind

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *lindos, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *leyH- (“to flow”). The two differently-inflecting nouns are closely related, but their morphologies are mysterious.[1]

Noun

lind f (genitive linde)

a body of water: pool, lake
- c. 845, St Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 102^a2
  .i. lind te
  i.e. hot pool [The glossator having misunderstood Latin termes (“branch”) as being related to therma (“hot bath”)]

Inflection

Feminine ī-stem
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	lind^L	lind^L	lindi^H, lindi
Vocative	lind^L	lind^L	lindi^H, lindi
Accusative	lind^N, lindi	lind^L	lindi^H, lindi
Genitive	linde^H	linde^L	linde^N
Dative	lind^L, lindi	lindib	lindib
Initial mutations of a following adjective: ^H = triggers aspiration ^L = triggers lenition ^N = triggers nasalization

Noun

lind n (genitive lenda)

drink
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 7^d9
  […] hi sunt tra ↄricc frissa lind serb in chúrsactha, lase fo·ruillecta beóil in chalich di mil cosse anall […]
  […] Herein, then, he comes into contact with the bitter drink of the reproval, when the lips of the chalice have hitherto been smeared with honey […]
- c. 815–840, published in "The Monastery of Tallaght", in Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy (1911-1912, Royal Irish Academy), edited and with translations by Edward J. Gwynn and Walter J. Purton, vol. 29, pp. 115–179, paragraph 6,
  […] céne con·n-oither mo thimnasa insin purt-sa, nícon·ibthar lind dermait dé and.
  […] as long as my rules are upheld in this place, liquor that leads to us forgetting about God are not to be drunk.
- c. 845, St Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 73^a8
  lind ― glosses Latin liquamen (“drink”)
liquid
- c. 815–840, published in "The Monastery of Tallaght", in Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy (1911-1912, Royal Irish Academy), edited and with translations by Edward J. Gwynn and Walter J. Purton, vol. 29, pp. 115–179, paragraph 88,
  Acht is mí-chumne spiride fri télach neich din imarcraid lenda bís isind churp.
  But it is an evil recollection of the spirit, accompanying a discharge of some of the excess liquid that is usually in the body.
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 129^d13-14
  ibthecha .i. it mathi inna ganema oc oul ind lenda.
  absorbent, i.e. the sands are good at absorbing the liquid.

Inflection

Neuter u-stem
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	lind^N	lind^L	lind^L, lenda
Vocative	lind^N	lind^L	lind
Accusative	lind^N	lind^L	lind
Genitive	lendo^H, lenda^H	lendo^N, lenda^N	lend^N
Dative	lind^L	lendaib	lendaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective: ^H = triggers aspiration ^L = triggers lenition ^N = triggers nasalization

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
lind also llind after a proclitic	lind pronounced with /l(ʲ)-/	unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*lindu-, *lindo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 239-240

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *lindō.

Noun

lind f

lime, linden (tree)
(poetic) linden shield, spear-shaft (weaponry or gear made from lime)

Declension

Declension of lind (strong ō-stem)

feminine	singular		plural
feminine	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	lind	lindin	lindar	lindarnar
accusative	lind	lindina	lindar	lindarnar
dative	lind	lindinni	lindum	lindunum
genitive	lindar	lindarinnar	linda	lindanna

Descendants

Icelandic: lind
Faroese: lind
Norwegian Nynorsk: lind
Swedish: lind c
Danish: lind c
- Norwegian Bokmål: lind m or f

References

“lind”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press

Plautdietsch

Etymology

From Middle Low German lind, probably borrowed from Middle High German lint, from Old High German lind, from Proto-West Germanic *linþ(ī).

Adjective

lind

mild, soft
lenient

Swedish

Etymology

Inherited from Old Swedish lind, from Old Norse lind, from Proto-Germanic *lindō.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /lɪnd/
Audio (file)

Noun

lind c

linden tree

Declension

Declension of lind
	Singular		Plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	lind	linden	lindar	lindarna
Genitive	linds	lindens	lindars	lindarnas

Derived terms

parklind
skogslind

Veps

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *lintu.

Noun

lind

bird

Inflection

Inflection of lind (inflection type 1/ilo)
nominative sing.	lind
genitive sing.	lindun
partitive sing.	lindud
partitive plur.	linduid
	singular	plural
nominative	lind	lindud
accusative	lindun	lindud
genitive	lindun	linduiden
partitive	lindud	linduid
essive-instructive	lindun	linduin
translative	linduks	linduikš

inessive	lindus	linduiš
elative	linduspäi	linduišpäi
illative	lindhu linduhu	linduihe

adessive	lindul	linduil
ablative	lindulpäi	linduilpäi
allative	lindule	linduile

abessive	linduta	linduita
comitative	lindunke	linduidenke
prolative	lindudme	linduidme

approximative I	lindunno	linduidenno
approximative II	lindunnoks	linduidennoks
egressive	lindunnopäi	linduidennopäi

terminative I	lindhusai linduhusai	linduihesai
terminative II	lindulesai	linduilesai
terminative III	lindussai	—

additive I	lindhupäi linduhupäi	linduihepäi
additive II	lindulepäi	linduilepäi

Derived terms

kagrlind
kegonpaniilind
kodalind
käbulind
pihl'lind
rugižlind
toroklind
tähklind
vagolind
vilulind
lindunpoigaine

References

Zajceva, N. G.; Mullonen, M. I. (2007), “птица”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary], Petrozavodsk: Periodika

[1] Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*lindu-, *lindo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 239-240

lind

English

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Albanian

Etymology

Verb

Synonyms

Danish

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Adjective

Inflection

Etymology 2

Noun

Inflection

Estonian

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

German

Etymology

Pronunciation

Adjective

Declension

Derived terms

Related terms

Further reading

Icelandic

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Noun

Declension

Synonyms

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Noun

Declension

Synonyms

References

Livonian

Etymology 1

Noun

Etymology 2

Alternative forms

Verb

Ludian

Etymology

Noun

Middle English

Noun

References

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

Noun

References

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

Noun

References

Old English

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Derived terms

Descendants

Old Irish

Etymology

Noun

Inflection

Noun

Inflection

Mutation

References

Further reading

Old Norse

Etymology