-lik
See also: lik, lík, and -lık
Afrikaans
Etymology
From Dutch -lijk.
Pronunciation
Audio (file)
Suffix
-lik
- Forming adjectives from nouns with the sense of ‘characteristic of, pertaining to’.
Derived terms
Afrikaans terms suffixed with -lik
Azerbaijani
Etymology
Cognate with Turkish -lik (“-ness”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [lic], [liç], [lih], [lij]
Suffix
| preceding vowel | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| A / I | E / Ə / İ | O / U | Ö / Ü |
| -lıq | -lik | -luq | -lük |
-lik
- used to derive abstract nouns from adjectives; -ness, -hood, -ship, -dom, -ity
- gözəl (“beautiful”) + -lik → gözəllik (“beauty”)
- ölməz (“immortal”) + -lik → ölməzlik (“immortality”)
- boş (“empty”) + -lik → boşluq (“emptiness”)
- used to derive abstract nouns from nouns; -ship
- üzv (“member”) + -lik → üzvlük (“membership”)
- dost (“friend”) + -lik → dostluq (“friendship”)
- used to derive nouns denoting work/jobs from nouns denoting professions
- müəllim (“teacher”) + -lik → müəllimlik (“teaching, the work of a teacher”)
- qəssab (“butcher”) + -lik → qəssablıq (“butchery, the trade of a butcher”)
- used to derive nouns denoting items containing something; -ory
- söz (“word”) + -lik → sözlük (“word-list; dictionary”)
- öd (“gall”) + -lik → ödlük (“gall bladder”)
- ox (“arrow”) + -lik → oxluq (“quiver”)
- used to derive nouns denoting places characterized by abundance of something from nouns
- ağac (“tree”) + -lik → ağaclıq (“a treey place, a place with many trees”)
- kölgə (“shadow”) + -lik → kölgəlik (“a shady place”)
- ilan (“snake”) + -lik → ilanlıq (“a place full of snake”)
- bataq (“swamp”) + -lik → bataqlıq (“a swampy place”)
- ocaq (“hearth”) + -lik → ocaqlıq (“hearthstead”)
- used to derive adjectives from nouns; -ly
- ay (“month”) + -lik → aylıq (“monthly”)
- torba (“bag”) + -lik → torbalıq (“intended to be used for sewing bags”)
- dağ (“mountain”) + -lik → dağlıq (“mountainous”)
- beş nəfər (“five people”) + -lik → beş nəfərlik (“intended for five people”)
- used to derive temporal adverbs from temporal adverbs and nouns; for
- hələ (“still”) + -lik → hələlik (“yet, still, for the time being”)
- həmişə (“always”) + -lik → həmişəlik (“for ever, permanently”)
- ömür (“lifetime”) + -lik → ömürlük (“for life”)
- (non-productive) used to derive nouns denoting kinship other than by blood; step-
- ata (“father”) + -lik → atalıq (“stepfather”)
- ana (“mother”) + -lik → analıq (“step-mother”)
- oğul (“son”) + -lik → oğulluq (“stepson”)
- qız (“daughter”) + -lik → qızlıq (“stepdaughter”)
- bacı (“sister”) + -lik → bacılıq (“stepsister”)
- Synonym: ögey
- (non-productive) used to derive nouns denoting clothing items
- baş (“head”) + -lik → başlıq (“bashlyk, hood”)
- gəlin (“bride”) + -lik → gəlinlik (“wedding dress”)
- bazar (“market; Sunday”) + -lik → bazarlıq (“bride's garments”)
Usage notes
- It changes to -lıq, -luq or -lük, depending on the last vowel of the word (see also: vowel harmony).
Derived terms
Azerbaijani terms suffixed with -lik
Crimean Tatar
Etymology
Ultimately from Proto-Turkic *-lik.
This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /lic/
Suffix
-lik
- -ness, -hood, -ship, -dom
- genç (“young”) + -lik → gençlik (“youngness”)
- dost (“friend”) + -lik → dostluq (“friendship”)
- ür (“free”) + -lik → ürlük (“freedom”)
- being (like) ...
- dağ (“mountain”) + -lik → dağlıq (“mountainous”)
- belonging to ..., used for ..., suitable for ..., ... container
- qave (“coffee”) + -lik → qavelik (“coffee pot”)
Usage notes
- By vowel harmony, the suffix may change to -lıq, -luq or -lük, depending on the last vowel of the word to which it is attached.
Derived terms
Crimean Tatar terms suffixed with -lik
Estonian
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “From Germanic -līk?”)
Suffix
-lik (genitive -liku, partitive -likku, comparative -likum, superlative kõige -likum)
- -ly, -ic, -al - forms adjectives from nouns or verbs.
Declension
Inflection of -lik (ÕS type 25/õnnelik, kk-k gradation)
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | -lik | -likud |
| accusative | -liku | -likud |
| genitive | -liku | -like -likkude |
| partitive | -likku | -likke -likkusid |
| illative | -likku -likusse | -likesse -likkudesse |
| inessive | -likus | -likes -likkudes |
| elative | -likust | -likest -likkudest |
| allative | -likule | -likele -likkudele |
| adessive | -likul | -likel -likkudel |
| ablative | -likult | -likelt -likkudelt |
| translative | -likuks | -likeks -likkudeks |
| terminative | -likuni | -likeni -likkudeni |
| essive | -likuna | -likena -likkudena |
| abessive | -likuta | -liketa -likkudeta |
| comitative | -likuga | -likega -likkudega |
Derived terms
Estonian terms suffixed with -lik
Greenlandic
Suffix
-lik (n-n?, truncative?)
- having, provided with, owning
Derived terms
Greenlandic terms suffixed with -lik
References
- Vestgrønlands Grammatik, p. 153, F.A.J. Nielsen, 2014
- -lik in Katersat
Hungarian
Alternative forms
- -llik
Etymology
-l + -ik
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [lik]
Suffix
-lik
- (frequentative-reflexive verb-forming suffix) Added to a noun or adjective to form a verb.
- fény (“light”) + -lik → fénylik (“to shine”)
- kék (“blue”) + -lik → kéklik (“to appear blue”)
Usage notes
The same form is used for both back and front vowel words.
Derived terms
Hungarian verbs suffixed with -lik
See also
- Appendix:Hungarian suffixes
K'iche'
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /liːkʰ/
Suffix
-lik
- Forms adjectives from verbs
- li’ (“to roll out dough”) → li’lik (“flat”)
- oq’etaj (“to cry for something”) → oq’talik (“cried for”)
- muqtajik (“to cover”) → muqtalik (“buried”)
- Forms adjectives from nouns
- jäb (“rain”) → jäbalik (“watered”)
- kotokik (“turn; bend”) → kotolik (“coiled”)
References
- Allen J. Christenson, Kʼiche-English dictionary
Middle English
Suffix
-lik
- Alternative form of -ly (“adjectival suffix”)
Suffix
-lik
- Alternative form of -ly (“adverbial suffix”)
Swedish
Etymology
From the adjective lik (“similar”).
Suffix
-lik
- -like, -ish
- Synonyms: -artad, -aktig
Derived terms
Swedish terms suffixed with -lik
Anagrams
- kil
Turkish
Etymology
From Ottoman Turkish ـلك (-lik), from Proto-Turkic *-lik.
This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /lic/
Suffix
| preceding vowel | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| A / I | E / İ | O / U | Ö / Ü |
| -lık | -lik | -luk | -lük |
-lik
- -ness, -hood, -ship, -dom
- genç (“young”) + -lik → gençlik (“youngness”)
- anne (“mother”) + -lik → annelik (“motherhood”)
- üye (“member”) + -lik → üyelik (“membership”)
- kral (“king”) + -lik → krallık (“kingdom”)
- özgür (“free”) + -lik → özgürlük (“freedom”)
- being (like) ...
- aydın (“bright”) + -lik → aydınlık (“lightened”)
- dağ (“mountain”) + -lik → dağlık (“mountainous”)
- belonging to ..., used for ..., suitable for ..., ... container
- salça (“sauce”) + -lik → salçalık (“sauceboat”)
- salça (“sauce”) + -lik → salçalık (“suitable for making a sauce”)
- kalem (“pencil”) + -lik → kalemlik (“pencil case”)
- year-old
- 18'lik kız ― 18 year old girl
- old
- 10 günlük, 3 aylık bebek ― 10-days-old, 3-month-old baby
- Lasting for a period of time.
- 5 dakikalık bir video ― a 5 minutes long video
- 2 saatlik bir film ― a 2 hours long movie
- üç günlük ömür ― life is too short (literally, “lifetime that will last three days”)
Usage notes
- The suffix is attached to nouns or sometimes adjectives, and then forms a noun or, more rarely, an adjective. The suffix is often found attached to verbal nouns formed with the suffix -me or its variant -ma. For example, the verb atıştırmak (“to snack”) gives rise to the verbal noun atıştırma (“snacking”) and thus to the term atıştırmalık, which is both a noun meaning “snack” and an adjective meaning “suitable for snacking”.
Derived terms
Turkish terms suffixed with -lik
Descendants
- Greek: -λίκι (-líki)
Uzbek
Suffix
-lik
- -ness
- Suffix forming various demonyms.
Derived terms
Uzbek terms suffixed with -lik