liggen
Dutch
Etymology
From Middle Dutch liggen, from Old Dutch liggen, from Proto-West Germanic *liggjan, from Proto-Germanic *ligjaną, from Proto-Indo-European *legʰ-.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈlɪɣə(n)/
Audio (file) - Hyphenation: lig‧gen
- Rhymes: -ɪɣən
Verb
liggen
- (intransitive) to lie; to be lying down
- (intransitive, often of place names) to be, to be placed or located
- Er ligt een hoop rommel op zolder.
- There is a lot of rubbish in the attic.
- Kun je me zeggen waar Geldrop ligt?
- Could you tell me where Geldrop is (located)?
- (auxiliary, with te) Forms a continuous aspect. Although it carries an implication of lying, this is vague and is not emphasized.
- Je biefstuk ligt daar koud te worden.
- Your steak is (lying) there getting cold.
Inflection
Inflection of liggen (strong class 5) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | liggen | |||
past singular | lag | |||
past participle | gelegen | |||
infinitive | liggen | |||
gerund | liggen n | |||
present tense | past tense | |||
1st person singular | lig | lag | ||
2nd person sing. (jij) | ligt | lag | ||
2nd person sing. (u) | ligt | lag | ||
2nd person sing. (gij) | ligt | laagt | ||
3rd person singular | ligt | lag | ||
plural | liggen | lagen | ||
subjunctive sing.1 | ligge | lage | ||
subjunctive plur.1 | liggen | lagen | ||
imperative sing. | lig | |||
imperative plur.1 | ligt | |||
participles | liggend | gelegen | ||
1) Archaic. |
Synonyms
- (be): staan, zitten, zijn
Derived terms
- aanliggen
- in de lijn der verwachting liggen
- ligging
Descendants
- Afrikaans: lê (merger with leggen)
- Jersey Dutch: lixxe
- Negerhollands: lee, lei, lej
- → Papiamentu: lèg
Dutch Low Saxon
Etymology
From Old Saxon liggian, from Proto-West Germanic *liggjan, from Proto-Germanic *ligjaną, from Proto-Indo-European *legʰ-. Compare Dutch liggen, German liegen, West Frisian lizze, English lie, Danish ligge.
Verb
liggen (past singular lag, past participle elaegen, auxiliary verb waen or hebben)
- (intransitive) to lie; to be lying down
- (intransitive, often of place names) to be, to be placed or located
- Daor ligt mien hoes an de waterkaante.
- There is my house by the coast.
- Kön i'j mi'j wiezen waor Bersenbrügge ligt?
- Could you tell me where Bersenbrücke is (located)?
- (intransitive, with te and another verb) Used as an alternative to waen + an 't to form a continuous aspect.
- Jan veel in t water. No ligt ziene klere te dreugen op t grösveld.
- Jan fell in the water. Now his clothes are lying on the lawn to dry.
German Low German
Alternative forms
- ligge
Etymology
From Old Saxon liggian, from Proto-West Germanic *liggjan, from Proto-Germanic *ligjaną, from Proto-Indo-European *legʰ-.
Compare Dutch liggen, German liegen, West Frisian lizze, English lie, Danish ligge.
Verb
liggen (past singular leeg, past participle legen, auxiliary verb hebben)
- (intransitive) to lie; to be lying down
- (intransitive, often of place names) to be, to be placed or located
- Dor liggt mien Huus an't Waterkant.
- There is my house by the coast.
- Köönt ji mi wiesen wor Bersenbrügge liggt?
- Could you tell me where Bersenbrücke is (located)?
- (intransitive, with te and another verb) Used as an alternative to wesen + an't to form a continuous aspect.
- Dien Eten liggt dor kold to warren.
- Your food is (lying) there getting cold.
Usage notes
- The grammar given is for a Northern Low Saxon dialect that merges all close-mid and mid-open vowels and elides syllable-final schwa. As such it is lacking distinctions that are grammatical in other dialects.
Conjugation
infinitive | liggen | |
---|---|---|
indicative | present | preterite |
1st person singular | ligg | leeg |
2nd person singular | liggs(t) | leegs(t) |
3rd person singular | ligg(t) | leeg |
plural | liggt, liggen | legen |
imperative | present | — |
singular | ligg | |
plural | liggt | |
participle | present | past |
liggen | (e)legen, gelegen | |
Note: This conjugation is one of many; neither its grammar nor spelling apply to all dialects. |
Middle Dutch
Etymology
From Old Dutch liggen, from Proto-West Germanic *liggjan, from Proto-Germanic *ligjaną, from Proto-Indo-European *legʰ-.
Verb
liggen
- to lie, be lying horizontal
- to lie, to have been placed
- to be located, to be present
- to live (in a place)
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Descendants
- Dutch: liggen
- Afrikaans: lê (merger with leggen)
- Jersey Dutch: lixxe
- Negerhollands: lee, lei, lej
- → Papiamentu: lèg
- Limburgish: ligke
Further reading
- “licghen (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929), “liggen”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN
Old Dutch
Etymology
From Proto-West Germanic *liggjan, from Proto-Germanic *ligjaną.
Verb
liggen
- to lie
- to be located
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Descendants
- Middle Dutch: liggen
- Dutch: liggen
- Afrikaans: lê (merger with leggen)
- Jersey Dutch: lixxe
- Negerhollands: lee, lei, lej
- → Papiamentu: lèg
- Limburgish: ligke
- Dutch: liggen
Further reading
- “liggen”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012
Swedish
Noun
liggen
- definite nominative plural of ligg