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单词 lens
释义

lens

See also: lēns, Lens, and Lëns

English

The lenses in bifocals bend light, distorting the appearance of the background.

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin lēns (“lentil”); Medieval Latin later taking on the sense of "lens"; a semantic loan from Arabic عَدْسَة‎ (ʿadsa, “lentil; optic lens”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /lɛnz/
  • Audio (US)(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɛnz

Noun

lens (plural lenses or (obsolete) lens or (rare) lentes)

  1. An object, usually made of glass, that focuses or defocuses the light that passes through it.
    • 2013 July-August, Catherine Clabby, “Focus on Everything”, in American Scientist:
      Not long ago, it was difficult to produce photographs of tiny creatures with every part in focus. That’s because the lenses that are excellent at magnifying tiny subjects produce a narrow depth of field.
  2. A device which focuses or defocuses electron beams.
  3. (geometry) A convex shape bounded by two circular arcs, joined at their endpoints, the corresponding concave shape being a lune.
  4. (biology) A genus of the legume family; its bean.
  5. (anatomy) The transparent crystalline structure in the eye.
    • 2013 July-August, Fenella Saunders, “Tiny Lenses See the Big Picture”, in American Scientist:
      The single-imaging optic of the mammalian eye offers some distinct visual advantages. Such lenses can take in photons from a wide range of angles, increasing light sensitivity. They also have high spatial resolution, resolving incoming images in minute detail.
  6. (earth science) A body of rock, ice, or water shaped like a convex lens.
  7. (programming) A construct used in statically-typed functional programming languages to access nested data structures.
  8. (by extension, figuratively) A way of looking, literally or figuratively, at something.
    • 2004 April 11, Ann Hulbert, “Are the Kids All Right?”, in The New York Times Magazine, page 11:
      If "the public looks at the condition of America's children largely through a negative lens," worries Child Trends […] , "it may be more difficult to […] promote child well-being."

Derived terms

Terms derived from lens (noun)
  • contact lens
  • corrective lens
  • fisheye lens
  • gravitational lens
  • lens brush
  • lens louse
  • lenticel
  • lenticular
  • lenticule
  • lentil
  • long-focus lens
  • long lens
  • macro lens
  • normal lens
  • telephoto lens
  • wide-angle lens
  • zoom lens

Descendants

  • → Bengali: লেন্স (lensô)
  • → Turkish: lens

Translations

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Verb

lens (third-person singular simple present lenses, present participle lensing, simple past and past participle lensed)

  1. (transitive, cinematography) To film, shoot.
    • 2020 May 7, Katie Rife, “If you’re looking to jump in your seat, make a playdate with Z”, in The Onion AV Club‎:
      It’s set in an anonymous, upper-middle-class suburb, lensed in the generic gunmetal gray that will one day appear as dated as the fuzzy outlines of ’80s direct-to-video horror movies.
  2. (geology) To become thinner towards the edges.

Translations

Afrikaans

Etymology

From Dutch lens, from Latin lēns (“lentil”).

Pronunciation

  • Audio(file)

Noun

lens (plural lense)

  1. lens

Danish

Noun

lens n

  1. genitive singular indefinite of len
  2. genitive plural indefinite of len

Dutch

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /lɛns/
  • Hyphenation: lens
  • Rhymes: -ɛns

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin lēns (“lentil”).

Noun

lens f (plural lenzen, diminutive lensje n)

  1. (optics) optical lens
  2. crystalline lens in the eye
Derived terms
  • contactlens
  • lensafsluiter m
  • lensdop
  • ooglens
  • telelens f
Descendants
  • Afrikaans: lens
  • → Indonesian: lensa
  • → Japanese: レンズ
  • → Papiamentu: lèns

Etymology 2

Probably related to lans (“lance”).

Noun

lens m (plural lenzen, diminutive lensje n)

  1. (historical) A type of barbless harpoon used for killing whales.

Etymology 3

From Middle Dutch lense, of uncertain origin. Perhaps a variant of Middle Dutch lunse (see luns), or perhaps a dialectal borrowing from Old Frisian *lens, *lenis, from Proto-West Germanic *lunis, related to Old English lynis (“linchpin”).

Noun

lens f (plural lenzen, diminutive lensje n)

  1. Alternative form of luns

Adjective

lens (comparative lenzer, superlative meest lens or lenst)

  1. empty
  2. weak, flaccid
Inflection
Inflection of lens
uninflectedlens
inflectedlenze
comparativelenzer
positivecomparativesuperlative
predicative/adverbiallenslenzerhet lenst
het lenste
indefinitem./f. sing.lenzelenzerelenste
n. sing.lenslenzerlenste
plurallenzelenzerelenste
definitelenzelenzerelenste
partitivelenslenzers—
Derived terms
  • lensklep
  • lensleiding
  • lenspomp
  • lenswater
  • lenzen
Descendants
  • Petjo: lens

Anagrams

  • snel

Latin

Etymology 1

Unknown, likely a borrowing from an unidentified source.

Compare Old High German linsa, Lithuanian lęšis, Old Church Slavonic лѧща (lęšta), and Albanian lend (Proto-Albanian *lenta), sounding too similar for a coincidence, however different enough to prohibit reconstruction of a common PIE protoform. May also be related to Ancient Greek λάθυρος (láthuros).

If ultimately a non-IE substrate loanword, locating the source is virtually impossible because cultivation of lentil was widespread in the region since the Neolithic.

Pronunciation

  • (Classical) IPA(key): /lens/, [ɫ̪ẽːs̠]
  • (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /lens/, [lɛns]

Noun

lēns f (genitive lentis); third declension

  1. lentil
  2. (Medieval Latin) lens
Declension

Third-declension noun (i-stem, accusative singular in -em or -im, ablative singular in -e or -ī).

CaseSingularPlural
Nominativelēnslentēs
Genitivelentislentium
Dativelentīlentibus
Accusativelentem
lentim		lentēs
lentīs
Ablativelente
lentī		lentibus
Vocativelēnslentēs
Derived terms
  • lenticula
  • lentīgō
Descendants
Descendants
  • Aromanian: linti
  • → Catalan: lent
  • → Dutch: lens
    • Afrikaans: lens
    • → Indonesian: lensa
    • → Japanese: レンズ
    • → Papiamentu: lèns
  • → English: lens
    • → Bengali: লেন্স (lensô)
    • → Turkish: lens
  • Friulian: lint
  • → Galician: lente
  • → Italian: lente
  • → Portuguese: lente
  • Romanian: linte
  • Sicilian: lenti
  • → Spanish: lente
  • Venetian: lente

Etymology 2

Unknown. According to de Vaan, perhaps a deformed form of what is found as Proto-Slavic *gňìda (“nit”), Proto-Germanic *hnits (“nit”), Ancient Greek κονίς (konís) (gen. κονίδος (konídos)), Armenian անիծ (anic, “nit”); he proposes Proto-Indo-European *dḱ(o)nid- > *dkni-n-d- > *dklind- > Proto-Italic *(d)lind-. However, like the Indo-European cognates, it may be of substrate origin.

Noun

lēns f (genitive lendis); third declension

  1. nit (egg of a louse)
Declension

Third-declension noun.

CaseSingularPlural
Nominativelēnslendēs
Genitivelendislendum
Dativelendīlendibus
Accusativelendemlendēs
Ablativelendelendibus
Vocativelēnslendēs
Descendants
  • Northwest Oïl: len, Lenz
  • ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *lēndinem
    • Balkan Romance:
      • Aromanian: lindinã
      • Romanian: lindină
    • Italo-Romance:
      • Italian: lendine
      • Sicilian: lìnnina, dìndina
    • Padanian:
      • Friulian: glendon
      • Ligurian: lendena, legna
      • Piedmontese: lendna, lendra, leina, lenna, lenda
      • Venetian: léndena, géndena
    • Gallo-Romance:
      • Franco-Provençal: lendena
    • Occitano-Romance:
      • Aragonese: liendre, lliendre, liena, llena
      • Catalan: llémena, llemen, lleme, llema, llémec
      • Occitan: lende
        Auvergnat: lindra, linda
        Gascon: lénia, léndia
    • Ibero-Romance:
      • Galician: lendia
      • Portuguese: lêndea
      • Spanish: liendre
    • Sardinian:
      • léndine, lìndiri
  • ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *lentinem
    • French: lente

References

  • De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “lēns, -tis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 334
  • Ernout, Alfred; Meillet, Antoine (1985), “lens”, in Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue latine: histoire des mots (in French), with additions and corrections of Jacques André, 4th edition, Paris: Klincksieck, published 2001, page 351.
  • “lens”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “lens”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • lens in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette

Turkish

Etymology

From English lens; ultimately from Latin lēns.

Noun

lens (definite accusative lensi, plural lensler)

  1. contact lens

Declension

Inflection
Nominativelens
Definite accusativelensi
SingularPlural
Nominativelenslensler
Definite accusativelensilensleri
Dativelenselenslere
Locativelenstelenslerde
Ablativelenstenlenslerden
Genitivelensinlenslerin

Synonyms

  • kontakt/kontak lens
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