-lema
See also: lema
Estonian
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *-ldak.
Suffix
-lema (da-infinitive -leda)
- Derives verbs, sometimes causing changes in the stem.
- tegema (“to do”) → tegelema (“to deal with something, to do”)
- vedama (“to carry”) → vedelema (“to lay around doing nothing”)
- ajama (“to drive”) → aelema (“to lounge”)
- jutt (“story”) → ütlema (“to say”)
- ostma (“to buy”) → ostlema (“to shop (frequentative)”)
Inflection
Inflection of -lema (ÕS type 27/elama, no gradation)
indicative | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
present | perfect | ||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
1st sing. | -len | ei -le | 1st sing. | olen -lenud | ei ole -lenud pole -lenud | ||||
2nd sing. | -led | 2nd sing. | oled -lenud | ||||||
3rd sing. | -leb | 3rd sing. | on -lenud | ||||||
1st plur. | -leme | 1st plur. | oleme -lenud | ||||||
2nd plur. | -lete | 2nd plur. | olete -lenud | ||||||
3rd plur. | -levad | 3rd plur. | on -lenud | ||||||
passive | -letakse | ei -leta | passive | on -letud | ei ole -letud pole -letud | ||||
past | pluperfect | ||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
1st sing. | -lesin | ei -lenud | 1st sing. | olin -lenud | ei olnud -lenud polnud -lenud | ||||
2nd sing. | -lesid | 2nd sing. | olid -lenud | ||||||
3rd sing. | -les | 3rd sing. | oli -lenud | ||||||
1st plur. | -lesime | 1st plur. | olime -lenud | ||||||
2nd plur. | -lesite | 2nd plur. | olite -lenud | ||||||
3rd plur. | -lesid | 3rd plur. | oli -lenud | ||||||
passive | -leti | ei -letud | passive | oli -letud | ei olnud -letud polnud -letud | ||||
conditional | |||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
1st sing. | -leksin | ei -leks | 1st sing. | -lenuksin oleksin -lenud | ei oleks -lenud poleks -lenud | ||||
2nd sing. | -leksid | 2nd sing. | -lenuksid oleksid -lenud | ||||||
3rd sing. | -leks | 3rd sing. | -lenuks oleks -lenud | ||||||
1st plur. | -leksime | 1st plur. | -lenuksime oleksime -lenud | ||||||
2nd plur. | -leksite | 2nd plur. | -lenuksite oleksite -lenud | ||||||
3rd plur. | -leksid | 3rd plur. | -lenuksid oleksid -lenud | ||||||
passive | -letaks | ei -letaks | passive | -letuks oleks -letud | ei oleks -letud poleks -letud | ||||
imperative | |||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||
2nd sing. | -le | ära -le | 2nd sing. | — | — | ||||
3rd sing. | -legu | ärgu -legu | 3rd sing. | olgu -lenud | ärgu olgu -lenud | ||||
1st plur. | -legem | ärme -leme ärme -le ärgem -legem | 1st plur. | — | — | ||||
2nd plur. | -lege | ärge -lege | 2nd plur. | — | — | ||||
3rd plur. | -legu | ärgu -legu | 3rd plur. | olgu -lenud | ärgu olgu -lenud | ||||
passive | -letagu | ärgu -letagu | passive | olgu -letud | ärgu olgu -letud | ||||
quotative | |||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||
voice | positive | negative | voice | positive | negative | ||||
active | -levat | ei -levat | active | olevat -lenud | ei olevat -lenud polevat -lenud | ||||
passive | -letavat | ei -letavat | passive | olevat -letud | ei olevat -letud polevat -letud | ||||
Nominal forms | |||||||||
ma-infinitive | active | passive | da-infinitive | present | past | ||||
nominative | -lema | -letama | nominative | -leda | olla -lenud | ||||
inessive | -lemas | — | inessive | -ledes | olles -lenud | ||||
elative | -lemast | — | participle | active | passive | ||||
translative | -lemaks | — | present | -lev | -letav | ||||
abessive | -lemata | — | past | -lenud | -letud |
Inflection of -lema (ÕS type 30/vaidlema, no gradation)
indicative | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
present | perfect | ||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
1st sing. | -len | ei -le | 1st sing. | olen -elnud | ei ole -elnud pole -elnud | ||||
2nd sing. | -led | 2nd sing. | oled -elnud | ||||||
3rd sing. | -leb | 3rd sing. | on -elnud | ||||||
1st plur. | -leme | 1st plur. | oleme -elnud | ||||||
2nd plur. | -lete | 2nd plur. | olete -elnud | ||||||
3rd plur. | -levad | 3rd plur. | on -elnud | ||||||
passive | -eldakse | ei -elda | passive | on -eldud | ei ole -eldud pole -eldud | ||||
past | pluperfect | ||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
1st sing. | -lesin | ei -elnud | 1st sing. | olin -elnud | ei olnud -elnud polnud -elnud | ||||
2nd sing. | -lesid | 2nd sing. | olid -elnud | ||||||
3rd sing. | -les | 3rd sing. | oli -elnud | ||||||
1st plur. | -lesime | 1st plur. | olime -elnud | ||||||
2nd plur. | -lesite | 2nd plur. | olite -elnud | ||||||
3rd plur. | -lesid | 3rd plur. | oli -elnud | ||||||
passive | -eldi | ei -eldud | passive | oli -eldud | ei olnud -eldud polnud -eldud | ||||
conditional | |||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
1st sing. | -leksin | ei -leks | 1st sing. | -elnuksin oleksin -elnud | ei oleks -elnud poleks -elnud | ||||
2nd sing. | -leksid | 2nd sing. | -elnuksid oleksid -elnud | ||||||
3rd sing. | -leks | 3rd sing. | -elnuks oleks -elnud | ||||||
1st plur. | -leksime | 1st plur. | -elnuksime oleksime -elnud | ||||||
2nd plur. | -leksite | 2nd plur. | -elnuksite oleksite -elnud | ||||||
3rd plur. | -leksid | 3rd plur. | -elnuksid oleksid -elnud | ||||||
passive | -eldaks | ei -eldaks | passive | -elduks oleks -eldud | ei oleks -eldud poleks -eldud | ||||
imperative | |||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||
2nd sing. | -le | ära -le | 2nd sing. | — | — | ||||
3rd sing. | -elgu | ärgu -elgu | 3rd sing. | olgu -elnud | ärgu olgu -elnud | ||||
1st plur. | -elgem | ärme -leme ärme -le ärgem -elgem | 1st plur. | — | — | ||||
2nd plur. | -elge | ärge -elge | 2nd plur. | — | — | ||||
3rd plur. | -elgu | ärgu -elgu | 3rd plur. | olgu -elnud | ärgu olgu -elnud | ||||
passive | -eldagu | ärgu -eldagu | passive | olgu -eldud | ärgu olgu -eldud | ||||
quotative | |||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||
voice | positive | negative | voice | positive | negative | ||||
active | -levat | ei -levat | active | olevat -elnud | ei olevat -elnud polevat -elnud | ||||
passive | -eldavat | ei -eldavat | passive | olevat -eldud | ei olevat -eldud polevat -eldud | ||||
Nominal forms | |||||||||
ma-infinitive | active | passive | da-infinitive | present | past | ||||
nominative | -lema | -eldama | nominative | -elda | olla -elnud | ||||
inessive | -lemas | — | inessive | -eldes | olles -elnud | ||||
elative | -lemast | — | participle | active | passive | ||||
translative | -lemaks | — | present | -lev | -eldav | ||||
abessive | -lemata | — | past | -elnud | -eldud |
Derived terms
Estonian terms suffixed with -lema