lem
Albanian
Alternative forms
- len (dialectal)
Etymology
Possibly from a Proto-Albanian *leudno, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁lewdʰ- (“man, people”). Alternatively formed from polem.
Noun
lem m (indefinite plural leme, definite singular lemi, definite plural lemet)
- people
Declension
| indefinite forms (trajta të pashquara) | definite forms (trajta të shquara) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular (numri njëjës) | plural (numri shumës) | singular (numri njëjës) | plural (numri shumës) | ||
| nominative (emërore) | (një) lem | (disa) leme | lemi | lemet | |
| accusative (kallëzore) | (një) lem | (disa) leme | lemin | lemet | |
| genitive (gjinore) (i/e/të/së) | (një) lemi | (disa) lemeve | lemit | lemevet | |
| dative (dhanore) | (një) lemi | (disa) lemeve | lemit | lemevet | |
| ablative (rrjedhore) (prej) | (një) lemi | (disa) lemesh | lemit | lemevet | |
Aromanian
Alternative forms
- lemnu
Etymology
From Latin lignum. Compare Daco-Romanian lemn.
Noun
lem n (plural lemi)
- wood
Cimbrian
Etymology
From Middle High German leben, from Old High German lebēn, from Proto-West Germanic *libbjan, from Proto-Germanic *libjaną (“to live; to be alive”). Cognate with German leben, English live.
Verb
lem (auxiliary håm)
- (Luserna) to live at, reside
- Moine non lem atz Lusérn. ― My grandparents live in Luserna.
References
- Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien
Danish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /lɛmˀ/, [ˈlɛmˀ]
- Rhymes: -ɛmˀ
Etymology 1
From Old Danish lim, from Old Norse limr, from Proto-Germanic *limuz (“branch, limb”), cognate with Norwegian, Swedish lem, English limb, Dutch leem.
Noun
lem n (singular definite lemmet, plural indefinite lemmer)
- limb (arm or leg in a human or an animal)
- (formal) penis
- (dated) inmate (in an institution)
Inflection
| neuter gender | Singular | Plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
| nominative | lem | lemmet | lemmer | lemmerne |
| genitive | lems | lemmets | lemmers | lemmernes |
Derived terms
- baglem
- fattiglem
- forlem
- langlemmet
- lemmeløs
- medlem
- sværlemmet
References
- “lem,2” in Den Danske Ordbog
Etymology 2
From Old Norse hlemmr, from Proto-Germanic *hlammiz (“noice; lid”), cognate with Norwegian lem, Swedish läm, Old English hlemm, Gothic 𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌰 (hlamma).
Noun
lem c (singular definite lemmen, plural indefinite lemme)
- hatch
- trapdoor
Inflection
| common gender | Singular | Plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
| nominative | lem | lemmen | lemme | lemmene |
| genitive | lems | lemmens | lemmes | lemmenes |
Derived terms
- faldlem
- kattelem
- loftslem
References
- “lem,1” in Den Danske Ordbog
Icelandic
Verb
lem (weak)
- first-person singular present indicative of lemja
- second-person singular imperative of lemja
Indonesian
Etymology
From Dutch lijm, from Middle Dutch lijm, from Old Dutch *līm, from Proto-Germanic *līmaz.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈlɛm]
- Hyphenation: lèm
Noun
lem or lèm
- glue, any sticky adhesive substance.
- Synonym: perekat
Synonyms
- gam (Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore)
- perekat (Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore)
Derived terms
- leman
- mengelem
- pengelem
- pengeleman
Further reading
- “lem” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
Irish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /lʲɛmˠ/
Contraction
lem (triggers lenition)
- (Munster) Contraction of le mo (“with my”).
- Chuir sé cúl orm lem chuid oibre.
- It left me late with my work.
Related terms
| Basic form | Contracted with | Copular forms | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| an (“the sg”) | na (“the pl”) | mo (“my”) | do (“your”) | a (“his, her, their; which (present)”) | ár (“our”) | ar (“which (past)”) | (before consonant) | (present/future before vowel) | (past/conditional before vowel) | |
| de (“from”) | den | de na desna* | de mo dem* | de do ded*, det* | dá | dár | dar | darb | darbh | |
| do (“to, for”) | don | do na dosna* | do mo dom* | do do dod*, dot* | dá | dár | dar | darb | darbh | |
| faoi (“under, about”) | faoin | faoi na | faoi mo | faoi do | faoina | faoinár | faoinar | faoinarb | faoinarbh | |
| i (“in”) | sa, san | sna | i mo im* | i do id*, it* | ina | inár | inar | inarb | inarbh | |
| le (“with”) | leis an | leis na | le mo lem* | le do led*, let* | lena | lenár | lenar | lenarb | lenarbh | |
| ó (“from, since”) | ón | ó na ósna* | ó mo óm* | ó do ód*, ót* | óna | ónár | ónar | ónarb | ónarbh | |
| trí (“through”) | tríd an | trí na | trí mo | trí do | trína | trínár | trínar | trínarb | trínarbh | |
| *Dialectal. | ||||||||||
Livonian
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *lämbin. Akin to Finnish lämmin.
Adjective
lem
- warm
Middle English
Noun
lem
- Alternative form of leme
Middle Irish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /l͈ʲeṽ/
Etymology 1
From Old Irish lem, from Proto-Celtic *lēmos, *limos (compare Welsh llwyf), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁élem (“mountain elm”); compare Latin ulmus.
Noun
lem m (genitive lim)
- elm tree
- Synonym: lemán
Etymology 2
Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃lemH- (“weak, broken, soft”).
Adjective
lem
- soft, tender
- weak, powerless
- impotent (in sexual sense)
- foolish, worthless
Descendants
- Irish: leamh
Mutation
| Middle Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
| lem | unchanged | unchanged |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
Further reading
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 lem (‘elm tree’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “2 lem (‘soft’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Mòcheno
Etymology 1
From Middle High German leben, from Old High German lebēn, from Proto-West Germanic *libbjan, from Proto-Germanic *libjaną (“to live; to be alive”). Cognate with German leben, English live.
Verb
lem
- to live
Etymology 2
From Middle High German leben, from Old High German lebēn (noun), from the verb. Cognate with German Leben.
Noun
lem n
- life
References
- “lem” in Cimbrian, Ladin, Mòcheno: Getting to know 3 peoples. 2015. Servizio minoranze linguistiche locali della Provincia autonoma di Trento, Trento, Italy.
Norwegian Nynorsk
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [lɛm]
Etymology 1
From Old Norse limr, from Proto-Germanic *limuz (“branch, limb”) (compare English limb).
Noun
lem (definite singular lemmen or lemen, indefinite plural lemmar or lemmer or lemar or lemer, definite plural lammane or lemmene or lemane or lemene)
- limb
- member
- (euphemistic) penis
Etymology 2
From Old Norse hlemmr, from Proto-Germanic *hlammiz, as also Icelandic hlemmur.
Noun
lem m (definite singular lemmen, indefinite plural lemmar, definite plural lemmane)
- hatch
- trapdoor
Etymology 3
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb
lem
- present tense and imperative of lemja
- imperative of lema, lema
- imperative of lemma
References
- “lem” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Anagrams
- mel
Swedish
Etymology
From Old Norse limr, from Proto-Germanic *limuz (“branch, limb”) (compare English limb).
Noun
lem c
- a limb (body part)
- penis
- Synonym: manslem
Usage notes
(sense 2) has similar tone to English member.
Declension
| Declension of lem | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |||
| Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
| Nominative | lem | lemmen | lemmar | lemmarna |
| Genitive | lems | lemmens | lemmars | lemmarnas |
Related terms
- manslem
- medlem
See also
- läm
Vietnamese
Alternative forms
- nhem
Pronunciation
- (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [lɛm˧˧]
- (Huế) IPA(key): [lɛm˧˧]
- (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA(key): [lɛm˧˧]
Adjective
lem • (淋, 𥋲)
- smudged, soiled
Derived terms
- lấm lem
- lem luốc
- lem nhem (từ láy)
Volapük
Noun
lem (nominative plural lems)
- paralysis
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | lem | lems |
| genitive | lema | lemas |
| dative | leme | lemes |
| accusative | lemi | lemis |
| vocative 1 | o lem! | o lems! |
| predicative 2 | lemu | lemus |
- 1 status as a case is disputed
- 2 in later, non-classical Volapük only