leden
See also: led-en and LED-en
English
Alternative forms
- ledden
Etymology
From Middle English leden, leoden, from Old English lēoden (“national or popular language”). More at leid and leed.
Noun
leden (uncountable)
- (obsolete) Language; speech.
- 1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book IV, Canto XI”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, OCLC 960102938:
- he was expert in prophecies, / And could the ledden of the gods unfold […]
-
Anagrams
- elden, neeld
Czech
Etymology
From led (“ice”) + -en.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈlɛdɛn]
Noun
leden m inan
- January
- Narodil jsem se šestého ledna roku 1981. ― I was born on the sixth of January 1981.
Usage notes
The genitive is used with dates without a preposition.
Declension
Declension of leden
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | leden | ledny |
| genitive | ledna | lednů |
| dative | lednu | lednům |
| accusative | leden | ledny |
| vocative | ledne | ledny |
| locative | lednu | lednech |
| instrumental | lednem | ledny |
Derived terms
- lednový
See also
- (Gregorian calendar months) měsíc gregoriánského kalendáře; leden, únor, březen, duben, květen, červen, červenec, srpen, září, říjen, listopad, prosinec (Category: cs:Months)
Further reading
- leden in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
- leden in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
- leden in Internetová jazyková příručka
Danish
Adjective
leden (neuter ledet, plural and definite singular attributive ledne)
- (archaic) Passed, over, finished.
- 1826, Carl Christian Rafn, Krakas maal: eller Kvad om kong Ragnar Lodbroks krigsbedrifter og heltedød, page 25
- Glad skal jeg Øl med Aser / I Öndvege drikke / Ledne er Livets Timer / Leende gaaer jeg i Døden!
- Happily shall I beer with the Æsir / In the seat of honour drink / The hours of life are over / Laughing, I walk into death!
- Glad skal jeg Øl med Aser / I Öndvege drikke / Ledne er Livets Timer / Leende gaaer jeg i Døden!
- 1820, Dansk Ordbog: I - L, page 94
- Leden adj. part. af v. lider procedo. Som er til Ende, forløben. Da vare ledne (forløbne) 4 Aar siden. Der hans meste Alder var leden (forbi). ...
- 1826, Carl Christian Rafn, Krakas maal: eller Kvad om kong Ragnar Lodbroks krigsbedrifter og heltedød, page 25
Noun
leden c
- definite singular of lede
Verb
leden
- common past participle of lide
Dutch
Pronunciation
- Rhymes: -eːdən
audio (file)
Noun
leden
- Plural form of lid
Verb
leden
- plural past indicative and subjunctive of lijden
Anagrams
- delen, lende
Middle English
Etymology 1
From Old English lǣdan, from Proto-Germanic *laidijaną.
Alternative forms
- lede, leaden, leeden, lædden
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈlɛːdən/
Verb
leden
- to lead (guide, conduct, direct)
- 1395 Wycliffe Bible, Romans 2:4
- Whether `dispisist thou the richessis of his goodnesse, and the pacience, and the long abidyng? Knowist thou not, that the benygnyte of God ledith thee to forthenkyng?
- 1395 Wycliffe Bible, II Chronicles 25:11
- Forsothe Amasie ledde out tristili his puple, and yede in to the valei of makyngis of salt, and he killide of the sones of Seir ten thousynde.
- 1395 Wycliffe Bible, Isaiah 53:7
- He was offrid, for he wolde, and he openyde not his mouth; as a scheep he schal be led to sleyng, and he schal be doumb as a lomb bifore hym that clippith it, and he schal not opene his mouth.
- 1395 Wycliffe Bible, Romans 2:4
- to lead (manage, oversee, administrate)
- to lead (rule, head, hold ultimate authority)
- to carry, take, bring
- to put, place, set down
- to lead (a life), to live
- to cause, engender, beget
Conjugation
Conjugation of leden (weak in -de)
| infinitive | (to) leden, lede | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | past tense | ||
| 1st-person singular | lede | ledde | |
| 2nd-person singular | ledest | leddest | |
| 3rd-person singular | ledeth, let | ledde | |
| subjunctive singular | lede | ||
| imperative singular | — | ||
| plural1 | leden, lede | ledden, ledde | |
| imperative plural | ledeth, lede | — | |
| participles | ledynge, ledende | led, yled | |
1Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.
Descendants
- English: lead (“guide”)
- Scots: leid, lede
References
- “lēden, v.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-03-25.
Etymology 2
From led (“lead”) + -en (infinitival suffix).
Alternative forms
- lede, leedyn
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈlɛːdən/
Verb
leden
- To cover in lead; to attach lead to.
- To make out of lead.
- (figurative, rare) To dumb down; to stupidify.
Conjugation
Conjugation of leden (weak in -ed)
| infinitive | (to) leden, lede | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | past tense | ||
| 1st-person singular | lede | leded | |
| 2nd-person singular | ledest | lededest | |
| 3rd-person singular | ledeth | leded | |
| subjunctive singular | lede | ||
| imperative singular | — | ||
| plural1 | leden, lede | lededen, ledede | |
| imperative plural | ledeth, lede | — | |
| participles | ledynge, ledende | leded, yleded | |
1Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.
Descendants
- English: lead (“cover in lead”)
References
- “lēden, v.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Etymology 3
From Old English lēaden; equivalent to led + -en (“made of”).
Alternative forms
- leaden, ledyn, ledun, ledyng
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈlɛːdən/
Adjective
leden
- Made of lead; containing lead
- Having the appearance of lead; leaden
Descendants
- English: leaden
References
- “leden,, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 28 April 2018.
Etymology 4
A conflation of Old English lēoden (“national language”); and Lǣden (“Latin”).
Alternative forms
- lede, ledne, ledene, ledden, liden
- (shortened) lede
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈleːdən/, /ˈlɛːdən/
Noun
leden
- Latin (language)
- A language or tongue.
- Synonyms: langage, speche, tonge, thede
- singing, music
Descendants
- English: leed
- Scots: leed, leid, lied
References
- “lē̆den, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-03-25.
Etymology 5
From Old English lēodan; equivalent to lede (“people”) + -en (plural suffix).
Noun
leden
- (Early Middle English) plural of lede (“people”)
Norwegian Nynorsk
Noun
leden m
- definite singular of led
Anagrams
- LED-en, delen, elden, led-en
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *leděnъ. Cognate with Russian ледяной (ledjanoj), led (ice) or sladoled (sweet ice = ice cream).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /lêden/
- Hyphenation: led‧en
Adjective
lȅden (definite lȅdenī, comparative ledènijī, Cyrillic spelling ле̏ден)
- (relational) ice; icy, glacial
- cold, frigid, chilled
- ledena kava ― iced coffee
- crystalline, clear and transparent
- relating to the ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum)
- (figuratively) unwelcoming, coldhearted, unfeeling
- (figuratively) (of fear, doubt, or surprise) immobilizing
Usage notes
Historically, lȅdan primarily meant “of or relating to ice”, while lȅden primarily meant “made of ice”, but each was often used for the other; today, lȅden is by far the more common of the two.
Declension
positive indefinite forms
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | leden | ledena | ledeno | |
| genitive | ledena | ledene | ledena | |
| dative | ledenu | ledenoj | ledenu | |
| accusative | inanimate animate | leden ledena | ledenu | ledeno |
| vocative | leden | ledena | ledeno | |
| locative | ledenu | ledenoj | ledenu | |
| instrumental | ledenim | ledenom | ledenim | |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
| nominative | ledeni | ledene | ledena | |
| genitive | ledenih | ledenih | ledenih | |
| dative | ledenim(a) | ledenim(a) | ledenim(a) | |
| accusative | ledene | ledene | ledena | |
| vocative | ledeni | ledene | ledena | |
| locative | ledenim(a) | ledenim(a) | ledenim(a) | |
| instrumental | ledenim(a) | ledenim(a) | ledenim(a) | |
positive definite forms
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | ledeni | ledena | ledeno | |
| genitive | ledenog(a) | ledene | ledenog(a) | |
| dative | ledenom(u/e) | ledenoj | ledenom(u/e) | |
| accusative | inanimate animate | ledeni ledenog(a) | ledenu | ledeno |
| vocative | ledeni | ledena | ledeno | |
| locative | ledenom(e/u) | ledenoj | ledenom(e/u) | |
| instrumental | ledenim | ledenom | ledenim | |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
| nominative | ledeni | ledene | ledena | |
| genitive | ledenih | ledenih | ledenih | |
| dative | ledenim(a) | ledenim(a) | ledenim(a) | |
| accusative | ledene | ledene | ledena | |
| vocative | ledeni | ledene | ledena | |
| locative | ledenim(a) | ledenim(a) | ledenim(a) | |
| instrumental | ledenim(a) | ledenim(a) | ledenim(a) | |
comparative forms
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | ledeniji | ledenija | ledenije | |
| genitive | ledenijeg(a) | ledenije | ledenijeg(a) | |
| dative | ledenijem(u) | ledenijoj | ledenijem(u) | |
| accusative | inanimate animate | ledeniji ledenijeg(a) | ledeniju | ledenije |
| vocative | ledeniji | ledenija | ledenije | |
| locative | ledenijem(u) | ledenijoj | ledenijem(u) | |
| instrumental | ledenijim | ledenijom | ledenijim | |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
| nominative | ledeniji | ledenije | ledenija | |
| genitive | ledenijih | ledenijih | ledenijih | |
| dative | ledenijim(a) | ledenijim(a) | ledenijim(a) | |
| accusative | ledenije | ledenije | ledenija | |
| vocative | ledeniji | ledenije | ledenija | |
| locative | ledenijim(a) | ledenijim(a) | ledenijim(a) | |
| instrumental | ledenijim(a) | ledenijim(a) | ledenijim(a) | |
superlative forms
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | najledeniji | najledenija | najledenije | |
| genitive | najledenijeg(a) | najledenije | najledenijeg(a) | |
| dative | najledenijem(u) | najledenijoj | najledenijem(u) | |
| accusative | inanimate animate | najledeniji najledenijeg(a) | najledeniju | najledenije |
| vocative | najledeniji | najledenija | najledenije | |
| locative | najledenijem(u) | najledenijoj | najledenijem(u) | |
| instrumental | najledenijim | najledenijom | najledenijim | |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
| nominative | najledeniji | najledenije | najledenija | |
| genitive | najledenijih | najledenijih | najledenijih | |
| dative | najledenijim(a) | najledenijim(a) | najledenijim(a) | |
| accusative | najledenije | najledenije | najledenija | |
| vocative | najledeniji | najledenije | najledenija | |
| locative | najledenijim(a) | najledenijim(a) | najledenijim(a) | |
| instrumental | najledenijim(a) | najledenijim(a) | najledenijim(a) | |
Synonyms
- lȅdan
References
- Pero Budmani, editor (1898-1903), “leden”, in Rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika (in Serbo-Croatian), volume 5, Zagreb: JAZU, page 950
- “leden” in Hrvatski jezični portal
Swedish
Noun
leden
- definite singular of led. (joint)
- definite plural of led (step)
Anagrams
- delen, elden, en del