laryngeal

laryngeal

English

Alternative forms

• laryngal

Etymology

Derived from New Latin laryngeus +‎ -al, from larynx (“larynx”) +‎ -eus (adjectival suffix); surface analysis, as if laryng- +‎ -al or -ial.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ləˈɹɪn.d͡ʒi.əl/, /ləˈɹɪn.ʒi.əl/

• Audio (UK)

  (file)

• (General American) IPA^(key): /ləˈɹɪn.d͡ʒəl/, /ləˈɹɪn.d͡ʒi.əl/, /ˌlɛɹ.ənˈd͡ʒi.əl/, /ˌlæɹ.ənˈd͡ʒi.əl/
• Rhymes: -ɪndʒiəl, -ɪnʒiəl, -ɪndʒəl, -iːəl

Adjective

laryngeal (not comparable)

1. (anatomy, relational) Of or pertaining to the larynx.
   • 1871, S. G. Cook, “A Case of Hydrophobia”, in William A. Hammond, editor, The Journal of Psychological Medicine: Diseases of the Nervous System, Medical Jurisprudence and Anthropology‎, volume 5, page 83:

     At sight of it there commenced a series of laryngeal spasms, with clutchings at his throat, far more violent than any I had heretofore seen.

2. (phonetics, relational) (of a speech sound) Made by or with constriction of the larynx with only the front part of the vocal cords vibrating, giving a very low frequency and producing what is known as "creaky voice."

Derived terms

• alaryngeal
• circumlaryngeal
• endolaryngeal
• epilaryngeal
• extralaryngeal
• glossolabiolaryngeal
• hyolaryngeal
• hypolaryngeal
• intralaryngeal
• laryngeal artery
• laryngealize
• laryngeally
• laryngeal nerve
• laryngeal pouch
• laryngeal prominence
• laryngeal sac
• laryngeal saccule
• microlaryngeal
• nonlaryngeal
• otolaryngeal
• perilaryngeal
• pharyngolaryngeal
• prelaryngeal
• retrolaryngeal
• sublaryngeal
• supralaryngeal, superlaryngeal
• tracheolaryngeal
• translaryngeal

 

Translations

of or pertaining to larynx

Armenian: կոկորդային (hy) (kokordayin) Chinese: Mandarin: 喉頭的／喉头的 (zh) (hóutóu de); 喉的 (zh) (hóu de) Czech: hrtanový (cs), laryngální (cs) Finnish: kurkunpään (fi) (genitive of noun) French: laryngé (fr), laryngien (fr), laryngique Galician: larínxeo m German: kehlkopflich, Kehlkopf- Greek: λαρυγγικός (el) (laryngikós) Irish: laraingeach Italian: laringico Japanese: 喉頭の (ja) (kōtō no) Latin: (Vulgar Latin) laryngealis, (Classical Latin) laryngicus Polish: krtaniowy (pl) Portuguese: laríngeo (pt), laringal Russian: горта́нный (ru) (gortánnyj), ларингеа́льный (laringeálʹnyj) Serbo-Croatian: lȁringālan, gr̀kljanskī (sh) Slovak: hrtanový (sk) Spanish: laringeo Turkish: gırtlakçıl Volapük: larinik

Noun

laryngeal (plural laryngeals)

1. (anatomy) An anatomical part (such as a nerve or artery) that supplies or is associated with the larynx.
2. (phonetics) A sound uttered by using the larynx.
3. (Indo-European linguistics) In Proto-Indo-European, one of the typically three reconstructed consonants usually marked as <h₁>, <h₂> and <h₃>.
   • 1940, J. Alexander Kerns; Benjamin Schwartz, “The Laryngeal Hypothesis and Indo-Hittite, Indo-European Vocalism”, in Journal of the American Oriental Society‎, volume 60, number 2, DOI:10.2307/594006, page 183:

     The vowel-coloring effects of the IH laryngeals cannot be considered apart from the vowel-reducing effect of the IH stress accent […]

   • 1995, Andrew L. Sihler, New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin‎, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page viii:

     […] it is not only different from Buck's in the linguistics (laryngeals have seen to that); it is very different in scope and aim.

   • 2006, Donald Ringe, From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 15:

     Finally, it should be noted that laryngeals not adjacent to syllabics were apparently deleted by three different rules.

Usage notes

The term laryngeal in Indo-European studies is but an anachronistic misnomer, retained only because it has been established as a standard term for those three phonemes. The exact phonetic value of Proto-Indo-European laryngeals is unknown, but it's generally agreed that not all of them were real laryngeals.

Translations

laryngeal sound

Armenian: կոկորդային (hy) (kokordayin) Chinese: Mandarin: 喉音 (zh) (hóuyīn) German: Kehlkopflaut (de) m Italian: suono laringale m Portuguese: laringal f Russian: горта́нный звук m (gortánnyj zvuk)

reconstructed consonant

Armenian: կոկորդային (hy) (kokordayin) Czech: laryngála (cs) f German: Laryngal m Italian: laringale f Portuguese: laringeal Russian: ларинга́л (ru) m (laringál)

References

• “laryngeal”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
• “laryngeal”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary