labor
See also: Labor
English
Alternative forms
- labour (non-American spelling)
Pronunciation
- (US) IPA(key): /ˈleɪ.bɚ/
Audio (US) (file) - Rhymes: -eɪbə(ɹ)
Noun
labor (countable and uncountable, plural labors)
- Alternative spelling of labour
Derived terms
Terms derived from labor (noun)
- belabor
- big labor
- Labor Day
- laborer
- laborization
- labor of love
- labor pain
- manual labor
Related terms
- laboral
- laborious
Verb
labor (third-person singular simple present labors, present participle laboring, simple past and past participle labored)
- US standard spelling of labour.
Anagrams
- Albor, Albro, Balor, Bolar, bolar, boral, lobar
Catalan
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin labor.
Pronunciation
- (Balearic, Central) IPA(key): /ləˈbo/
- (Valencian) IPA(key): /laˈboɾ/
Noun
labor m (plural labors)
- labour, work
Hungarian
Etymology
Borrowed from German Labor.[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈlɒbor]
- Hyphenation: la‧bor
Noun
labor (plural laborok)
- (informal) laboratory
- Synonym: laboratórium
Declension
| Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | labor | laborok |
| accusative | labort | laborokat |
| dative | labornak | laboroknak |
| instrumental | laborral | laborokkal |
| causal-final | laborért | laborokért |
| translative | laborrá | laborokká |
| terminative | laborig | laborokig |
| essive-formal | laborként | laborokként |
| essive-modal | — | — |
| inessive | laborban | laborokban |
| superessive | laboron | laborokon |
| adessive | labornál | laboroknál |
| illative | laborba | laborokba |
| sublative | laborra | laborokra |
| allative | laborhoz | laborokhoz |
| elative | laborból | laborokból |
| delative | laborról | laborokról |
| ablative | labortól | laboroktól |
| non-attributive possessive - singular | laboré | laboroké |
| non-attributive possessive - plural | laboréi | laborokéi |
| Possessive forms of labor | ||
|---|---|---|
| possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
| 1st person sing. | laborom | laborjaim |
| 2nd person sing. | laborod | laborjaid |
| 3rd person sing. | laborja | laborjai |
| 1st person plural | laborunk | laborjaink |
| 2nd person plural | laborotok | laborjaitok |
| 3rd person plural | laborjuk | laborjaik |
References
- Tótfalusi, István. Idegenszó-tár: Idegen szavak értelmező és etimológiai szótára (’A Storehouse of Foreign Words: an explanatory and etymological dictionary of foreign words’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2005. →ISBN
Latin
Etymology 1
From Old Latin labōs, of uncertain origin. Perhaps from a Proto-Indo-European root *lebʰ- (“to seize, take”), whence Sanskrit लभते (labhate, “take, gain”) and Lithuanian lõbis (“wealth”). More commonly connected with labō (“I totter”)[1] (see Etymology 2 below), but this is rejected by de Vaan, who however provides no alternative.[2] The semantic connection is weak in either case.
Alternative forms
- labōs
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈla.bor/, [ˈɫ̪äbɔr]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈla.bor/, [ˈläːbor]
Noun
labor m (genitive labōris); third declension
- work
- labor, toil, exertion
- 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 4.641-642:
- rege Numa, frūctū nōn respondente labōrī,
inrita dēceptī vōta colentīs erant- When Numa was king, the produce not responding to the labor,
prayers were ineffective, the farmer deceived
- When Numa was king, the produce not responding to the labor,
- rege Numa, frūctū nōn respondente labōrī,
- Synonyms: cōnātus, studium, opus, opera, cūra, intēnsiō, mōlēs, pulvis
- (chiefly poetic) hardship, trouble, fatigue, suffering, drudgery, distress
- Caesar, de Bello Gallico VII, 28:
- Labore operis incitati
- Incited by the fatigue of the work
- Labore operis incitati
- 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 6.384-385:
- et mediae tempora noctis erant, iam ducibus somnum dederat labor
- It was midnight, and by now their fatigue had given the leaders sleep.
- et mediae tempora noctis erant, iam ducibus somnum dederat labor
- illness
- Synonyms: aegritūdō, morbus, malum, pestis, incommodum, valētūdō, infirmitas
- Antonyms: salūs, valētūdō
- the pain accompanying childbirth, labor
Declension
Third-declension noun.
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | labor | labōrēs |
| Genitive | labōris | labōrum |
| Dative | labōrī | labōribus |
| Accusative | labōrem | labōrēs |
| Ablative | labōre | labōribus |
| Vocative | labor | labōrēs |
Derived terms
- labōrō
- ēlabōrō
Descendants
- Asturian: llabor
- Catalan: llavor, labor
- Esperanto: laboro
- Friulian: lavôr
- Galician: labor
- Ido: laboro
- Istriot: lavur
- Italian: lavoro
- Ladin: lëur
- → Old French: labor
- English: labor, labour
- French: labeur
- Portuguese: labor, lavor
- → Romanian: laboare
- Romansch: lavur
- Sicilian: lavuri
- Spanish: labor
- Venetian: łavóro, laóro
- Welsh: llafur
Etymology 2
From Proto-Indo-European *(s)leh₂b- (“to hang loosely, be weak”). Cognate with labō, English sleep.
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈlaː.bor/, [ˈɫ̪äːbɔr]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈla.bor/, [ˈläːbor]
Verb
lābor (present infinitive lābī, perfect active lāpsus sum); third conjugation, deponent
- I slip, slide, glide
- I fall, sink down
- I slip, stumble
- I vanish, pass away, elapse, escape
- 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 6.771-772:
- Tempora lābuntur, tacitīsque senēscimus annīs,
et fugiunt frēnō nōn remorante diēs.- Times pass away, and with years unnoticed we grow old, and days flee with no bridle holding [them] back.
- Tempora lābuntur, tacitīsque senēscimus annīs,
- Synonyms: fugiō, effugiō, ēvādō, refugiō, cōnfugiō, diffugiō, aufugiō, prōfugiō, āvolō, ēripiō, ēlābor
- I am mistaken, am wrong, err, commit a fault
- Synonyms: dēlinquō, errō, committō
Conjugation
This verb takes the future passive participle lābundus instead of *lābendus.
| Conjugation of lābor (third conjugation, deponent) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | lābor | lāberis, lābere | lābitur | lābimur | lābiminī | lābuntur |
| imperfect | lābēbar | lābēbāris, lābēbāre | lābēbātur | lābēbāmur | lābēbāminī | lābēbantur | |
| future | lābar | lābēris, lābēre | lābētur | lābēmur | lābēminī | lābentur | |
| perfect | lāpsus + present active indicative of sum | ||||||
| pluperfect | lāpsus + imperfect active indicative of sum | ||||||
| future perfect | lāpsus + future active indicative of sum | ||||||
| subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | lābar | lābāris, lābāre | lābātur | lābāmur | lābāminī | lābantur |
| imperfect | lāberer | lāberēris, lāberēre | lāberētur | lāberēmur | lāberēminī | lāberentur | |
| perfect | lāpsus + present active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
| pluperfect | lāpsus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
| imperative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | — | lābere | — | — | lābiminī | — |
| future | — | lābitor | lābitor | — | — | lābuntor | |
| non-finite forms | active | passive | |||||
| present | perfect | future | present | perfect | future | ||
| infinitives | lābī | lāpsum esse | lāpsūrum esse | — | — | — | |
| participles | lābēns | lāpsus | lāpsūrus | — | — | lābendus, lābundus | |
| verbal nouns | gerund | supine | |||||
| genitive | dative | accusative | ablative | accusative | ablative | ||
| lābendī | lābendō | lābendum | lābendō | lāpsum | lāpsū | ||
Derived terms
- collābor
- ēlābor
- illābor
- interlābor
- lābēs
- lābilis
- lābundus
- lapsō
- lāpsus
- relābor
Descendants
- English: lapse
References
- “labor”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “labor”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- labor in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- to exert oneself very energetically in a matter: multum operae ac laboris consumere in aliqua re
- the matter involves much labour and fatigue: res est multi laboris et sudoris
- to spare no pains: labori, operae non parcere
- not to leave off work for an instant: nullum tempus a labore intermittere
- to spare oneself the trouble of the voyage: labore supersedēre (itineris) (Fam. 4. 2. 4)
- capable of exertion: patiens laboris
- lazy: fugiens laboris
- to take a false step: per errorem labi, or simply labi
- to make a slip of the memory: memoriā labi
- to make a mistake in writing: labi in scribendo
- immorality is daily gaining ground: mores in dies magis labuntur (also with ad, e.g. ad mollitiem)
- (ambiguous) to drain the cup of sorrow: omnes labores exanclare
- (ambiguous) rest after toil is sweet: acti labores iucundi (proverb.)
- to exert oneself very energetically in a matter: multum operae ac laboris consumere in aliqua re
- labor in Ramminger, Johann (accessed 16 July 2016) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700, pre-publication website, 2005-2016
References
- Roberts, Edward A. (2014) A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Spanish Language with Families of Words based on Indo-European Roots, Xlibris Corporation, →ISBN
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “labor”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 320
Anagrams
- albor, labrō
Spanish
Etymology
From Latin labor, labōrem.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /laˈboɾ/ [laˈβ̞oɾ]
- Rhymes: -oɾ
- Syllabification: la‧bor
Noun
labor f (plural labores)
- job, task, chore
- work, effort
- Synonyms: trabajo, obra
- labor
- needlework, embroidery
Derived terms
- estar por la labor
Related terms
- laboral
- laborar
- laborioso
- labrar
Further reading
- “labor”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014