kun
English
Etymology
From Japanese 訓読み (kun'yomi), literally "meaning reading" (i.e. pronunciation based on meaning).
Noun
kun (uncountable)
- In the Japanese language, the pronunciation, or reading, of a kanji character as a native Japanese word that means what the character represents, contrasted with on.
- Most kanji have two kinds of reading, called "on" and "kun".
Related terms
- on
Anagrams
- unk.
Bikol Central
Alternative forms
- kung
- kon, kong
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kun/
Conjunction
kun
- if
- Kun maduman ka, maiba ako saimo .
- If you will go, I will come with you.
Preposition
kun
- when; at (or as soon as) that time that; if
- Kun banggi, nagluluwas an mga bituon.
- At night, the stars come out.
Czech
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈkun]
- Rhymes: -un
Noun
kun
- genitive plural of kuna
Danish
Etymology
Older ikkun, a contraction of Old Danish ække uten (“nothing but”), from Old Norse ekki (“not”) and útan (“without, except”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈkʰɔn]
Adverb
kun
- only
Synonyms
- blot, ikkun (obsolete)
Dutch
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kʏn/
Audio (file)
Verb
kun
- second-person singular present indicative of kunnen
- Kun jij iets doen voor mij?
- Can you do something for me?
Usage notes
As is usual in Dutch, the -t is dropped when the pronoun jij / je immediately follows the verb. However, unlike for all other verbs, the form that results is not identical to the first-person singular, which is kan. The form kan is also frequently used, by analogy with regular verbs, but it may be considered nonstandard by some.
Synonyms
- kan
Esperanto
Etymology
Ultimately from Latin cum. Compare Italian con, Spanish con, Portuguese com.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [kun]
- Audio:
(file) - Hyphenation: kun
Preposition
kun
- in the company of, with
- in addition to
- characteristic considered separately from the whole
- 1961, L. L. Zamenhof, Proverbaro esperanta
- Vorto dirita en ĝusta tempo estas kiel oraj pomoj kun arĝentaj ŝeloj.
- A word said at the right time is like golden apples with silver skins.
- Vorto dirita en ĝusta tempo estas kiel oraj pomoj kun arĝentaj ŝeloj.
- 1961, L. L. Zamenhof, Proverbaro esperanta
Derived terms
- kun- (“together”)
- kune kun (“along with”)
- kunigi
- kuniĝi
- kunligi
Finnish
Etymology
The singular instructive case of kuka. Originally a lesser used variant of kuin; modern differences between the two were introduced when the language was standardized.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkun/, [ˈkun]
- Rhymes: -un
- Syllabification(key): kun
Conjunction
kun
- when, as (temporal: at the same time or instant that)
- Sain viestisi, kun olin jo matkalla lentokentälle.
- I got your message when I was already on my way to the airport.
- Hän ilmestyi antamaan ohjeita, kun olin jo saanut työn valmiiksi.
- He showed up to give instructions when I had already finished the job.
- Sain viestisi, kun olin jo matkalla lentokentälle.
- as soon as, once; expresses that the event of the main clause takes place immediately after that of the subclause, often used with the clitic -han
- Tulen tapaamaan sinua, kun(han) saan tämän valmiiksi.
- I will come to see you as soon as I finish this job.
- Tulen tapaamaan sinua, kun(han) saan tämän valmiiksi.
- because, since
- Hän menetti työpaikkansa, kun tuli aina myöhässä.
- She lost her job because she was always late.
- En voi tulla huomenna, minulla kun on aamuvuoro.
- I cannot come tomorrow as I have the morning shift.
- Hän menetti työpaikkansa, kun tuli aina myöhässä.
- Short for kunpa.
Derived terms
- ei kun
- kunpa
- silloin kun
- sitten kun
- vittuku
- voi kun
Related terms
- kuin
- kunnes
Pronoun
kun
- (relative, colloquial) that, who, which, where
- Täällä on eräs mies, kun haluaisi tavata johtajaa.
- Täällä on eräs mies, joka haluaisi tavata johtajaa. (standard)
- There's somebody here who'd like to see the boss.
- Synonym: joka
Hungarian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈkun]
- Hyphenation: kun
- Rhymes: -un
Noun
kun (plural kunok)
- Cuman (member of a nomadic Turkic people of central Asia)
Declension
Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | kun | kunok |
accusative | kunt | kunokat |
dative | kunnak | kunoknak |
instrumental | kunnal | kunokkal |
causal-final | kunért | kunokért |
translative | kunná | kunokká |
terminative | kunig | kunokig |
essive-formal | kunként | kunokként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | kunban | kunokban |
superessive | kunon | kunokon |
adessive | kunnál | kunoknál |
illative | kunba | kunokba |
sublative | kunra | kunokra |
allative | kunhoz | kunokhoz |
elative | kunból | kunokból |
delative | kunról | kunokról |
ablative | kuntól | kunoktól |
non-attributive possessive - singular | kuné | kunoké |
non-attributive possessive - plural | kunéi | kunokéi |
Possessive forms of kun | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | kunom | kunjaim |
2nd person sing. | kunod | kunjaid |
3rd person sing. | kunja | kunjai |
1st person plural | kununk | kunjaink |
2nd person plural | kunotok | kunjaitok |
3rd person plural | kunjuk | kunjaik |
Further reading
- kun in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Ido
Preposition
kun
- with
- Ilu iris kun elu a la parko.
- He went with her to the park.
Japanese
Romanization
kun
- Rōmaji transcription of くん
Kavalan
Etymology
Borrowed from Hokkien 裙 (kûn, “skirt”).
Noun
kun
- pants; trousers
- skirt; sarong
Maltese
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kuːn/
Verb
kun
- second-person singular imperative of kien
Mandarin
Romanization
kun
- Nonstandard spelling of kūn.
- Nonstandard spelling of kǔn.
- Nonstandard spelling of kùn.
Usage notes
- English transcriptions of Mandarin speech often fail to distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without the appropriate indication of tone.
Middle English
Noun
kun
- Alternative form of kin
Norwegian Bokmål
Etymology
From Danish kun.
Adverb
kun
- only, merely
Synonyms
- bare
Polish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kun/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -un
- Syllabification: kun
Noun
kun f
- genitive plural of kuna
Somali
Etymology
From Proto-Cushitic *kum-.
Numeral
kun
- thousand
References
- “kun” In: Abdullah Umar Mansur (1985) Qaamuska Afsoomaliga.
Southeastern Tepehuan
Etymology
From Proto-Uto-Aztecan *kuna.
Noun
kun (third person singular possession kunaaꞌn)
- husband
Derived terms
- kuntaꞌ
References
- R. de Willett, Elizabeth, et al. (2016) Diccionario tepehuano de Santa María Ocotán, Durango (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”; 48) (in Spanish), electronic edition, Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C., page 115
Sumerian
Romanization
kun
- Romanization of 𒆲 (kun)
Uzbek
Other scripts | |
---|---|
Cyrillic | кун (kun) |
Latin | kun |
Perso-Arabic |
Etymology
From Chagatai کون (kün, “sun, day”), from Proto-Turkic *kün (“sun, day”).
Noun
kun (plural kunlar)
- day
- sun
Declension
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | kun | kunlar |
genitive | kunning | kunlarning |
dative | kunga | kunlarga |
definite accusative | kunni | kunlarni |
locative | kunda | kunlarda |
ablative | kundan | kunlardan |
my | singular | plural |
---|---|---|
nominative | kunim | kunlarim |
genitive | kunimning | kunlarimning |
dative | kunimga | kunlarimga |
definite accusative | kunimni | kunlarimni |
locative | kunimda | kunlarimda |
ablative | kunimdan | kunlarimdan |
your | singular | plural |
nominative | kuning | kunlaring |
genitive | kuningning | kunlaringning |
dative | kuningga | kunlaringga |
definite accusative | kuningni | kunlaringni |
locative | kuningda | kunlaringda |
ablative | kuningdan | kunlaringdan |
her/his/its | singular | plural |
nominative | kuni | kunlari |
genitive | kunining | kunlarining |
dative | kuniga | kunlariga |
definite accusative | kunini | kunlarini |
locative | kunida | kunlarida |
ablative | kunidan | kunlaridan |
our | singular | plural |
nominative | kunimiz | kunlarimiz |
genitive | kunimizning | kunlarimizning |
dative | kunimizga | kunlarimizga |
definite accusative | kunimizni | kunlarimizni |
locative | kunimizda | kunlarimizda |
ablative | kunimizdan | kunlarimizdan |
your | singular | plural |
nominative | kuningiz | kunlaringiz |
genitive | kuningizning | kunlaringizning |
dative | kuningizga | kunlaringizga |
definite accusative | kuningizni | kunlaringizni |
locative | kuningizda | kunlaringizda |
ablative | kuningizdan | kunlaringizdan |
their | singular | plural |
nominative | kuni | kunlari |
genitive | kunining | kunlarining |
dative | kuniga | kunlariga |
definite accusative | kunini | kunlarini |
locative | kunida | kunlarida |
ablative | kunidan | kunlaridan |
Volapük
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [kun]
Noun
kun (nominative plural kuns)
- cow
Declension
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | kun | kuns |
genitive | kuna | kunas |
dative | kune | kunes |
accusative | kuni | kunis |
vocative 1 | o kun! | o kuns! |
predicative 2 | kunu | kunus |
- 1 status as a case is disputed
- 2 in later, non-classical Volapük only
Synonyms
- jibub
Antonyms
- hibub
- tor
Derived terms
- kunül (“cow calf, female calf”)
Related terms
- bub
- veter
Wik-Mungkan
Noun
kun
- excrement, faeces, shit
Synonyms
- kaka
Yámana
Noun
kun
- oil
Yola
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun
kun
- A masculine, forward woman, a brazen face.
References
- Jacob Poole (1867), William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, page 51