kumma
Bavarian
Alternative forms
- kemma (West Central Bavaria)
- kèmmin (Sappada)
- khemen (Sauris)
- kumman
Etymology
Compare German kommen.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkumɐ/
- Hyphenation: kum‧ma
Verb
kumma (past participle kumma)
- (South Bavaria, East Central Bavaria, Vienna) to come
Conjugation
Conjugation of kumma
| infinitive | kumma | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | past tense | subjunctive | |
| 1st person sing. | kumm | - | kamad |
| 2nd person sing. | kummst | - | kamast |
| 3rd person sing. | kummt | - | kamad |
| 1st person plur. | kumma | - | kamadn |
| 2nd person plur. | kummts | - | kamats |
| 3rd person plur. | kumma | - | kamadn |
| imperative sing. | kumm | ||
| past participle | kumma | ||
Finnish
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *kumma.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkumːɑ/, [ˈkumːɑ]
- Rhymes: -umːɑ
- Syllabification(key): kum‧ma
Adjective
kumma (comparative kummempi, superlative kummin)
- odd, strange
- Onpa kumma, että...
- How strange that ...
- Onpa kumma, että...
- in comparative, with negation, nasty, severe
- Onpa hyvä, että mitään kummempaa ei sattunut!
- How good that nothing more severe happened!
- on earth, in the world, the dickens (used as non-profane intensifier with an interrogative pronoun)
- Mitä kummaa täällä on tapahtunut?
- What on earth has taken place here?
Usage notes
- The comparative and superlative are seldom used. They are usually substituted with corresponding forms of the synonymous adjective kummallinen.
Declension
| Inflection of kumma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | kumma | kummat | |
| genitive | kumman | kummien | |
| partitive | kummaa | kummia | |
| illative | kummaan | kummiin | |
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | kumma | kummat | |
| accusative | nom. | kumma | kummat |
| gen. | kumman | ||
| genitive | kumman | kummien kummainrare | |
| partitive | kummaa | kummia | |
| inessive | kummassa | kummissa | |
| elative | kummasta | kummista | |
| illative | kummaan | kummiin | |
| adessive | kummalla | kummilla | |
| ablative | kummalta | kummilta | |
| allative | kummalle | kummille | |
| essive | kummana | kummina | |
| translative | kummaksi | kummiksi | |
| instructive | — | kummin | |
| abessive | kummatta | kummitta | |
| comitative | — | kummine | |
| Possessive forms of kumma (type koira) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives. | ||
| possessor | singular | plural |
| 1st person | kummani | kummamme |
| 2nd person | kummasi | kummanne |
| 3rd person | kummansa | |
Synonyms
- (odd, strange): kummallinen, outo, omituinen
- (nasty, severe): ikävä, vakava
- (non-profane intensifier): ihme
Derived terms
- kummasti
- kummitella
- kummitus
See also
- kumpi (similar inflected forms)
Noun
kumma
- strange or odd thing
Declension
| Inflection of kumma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | kumma | kummat | |
| genitive | kumman | kummien | |
| partitive | kummaa | kummia | |
| illative | kummaan | kummiin | |
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | kumma | kummat | |
| accusative | nom. | kumma | kummat |
| gen. | kumman | ||
| genitive | kumman | kummien kummainrare | |
| partitive | kummaa | kummia | |
| inessive | kummassa | kummissa | |
| elative | kummasta | kummista | |
| illative | kummaan | kummiin | |
| adessive | kummalla | kummilla | |
| ablative | kummalta | kummilta | |
| allative | kummalle | kummille | |
| essive | kummana | kummina | |
| translative | kummaksi | kummiksi | |
| instructive | — | kummin | |
| abessive | kummatta | kummitta | |
| comitative | — | kummineen | |
| Possessive forms of kumma (type koira) | ||
|---|---|---|
| possessor | singular | plural |
| 1st person | kummani | kummamme |
| 2nd person | kummasi | kummanne |
| 3rd person | kummansa | |
Ingrian
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *kumma. Cognates include Finnish kumma and Estonian -kumm.
Pronunciation
- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈkumːɑ/, [ˈkumː]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈkumːɑ/, [ˈkumːɑ]
- Rhymes: -umːɑ
- Hyphenation: kum‧ma
Noun
kumma
- miracle, wonder
Declension
| Declension of kumma (type 3/koira, no gradation) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | kumma | kummat |
| genitive | kumman | kummiin |
| partitive | kummaa | kummia |
| illative | kummaa | kummii |
| inessive | kummaas | kummiis |
| elative | kummast | kummist |
| allative | kummalle | kummille |
| adessive | kummaal | kummiil |
| ablative | kummalt | kummilt |
| translative | kummaks | kummiks |
| essive | kummanna, kummaan | kumminna, kummiin |
| exessive1) | kummant | kummint |
| 1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. | ||
References
- V. I. Junus (1936) Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 9
- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 218
Pali
Alternative forms
Alternative forms
- 𑀓𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀫 (Brahmi script)
- कुम्म (Devanagari script)
- কুম্ম (Bengali script)
- කුම්ම (Sinhalese script)
- ကုမ္မ or ၵုမ္မ or ၵုမ်မ (Burmese script)
- กุมฺม or กุมมะ (Thai script)
- ᨠᩩᨾ᩠ᨾ (Tai Tham script)
- ກຸມ຺ມ or ກຸມມະ (Lao script)
- កុម្ម (Khmer script)
- 𑄇𑄪𑄟𑄴𑄟 (Chakma script)
Etymology
Inherited from Sanskrit कूर्म (kūrmá).
Noun
kumma m[1]
- a tortoise
Declension
Declension table of "kumma" (masculine)
| Case \\ Number | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative (first) | kummo | kummā |
| Accusative (second) | kummaṃ | kumme |
| Instrumental (third) | kummena | kummehi or kummebhi |
| Dative (fourth) | kummassa or kummāya or kummatthaṃ | kummānaṃ |
| Ablative (fifth) | kummasmā or kummamhā or kummā | kummehi or kummebhi |
| Genitive (sixth) | kummassa | kummānaṃ |
| Locative (seventh) | kummasmiṃ or kummamhi or kumme | kummesu |
| Vocative (calling) | kumma | kummā |
References
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “kūrmá1”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press