kirota
Finnish
(index ki)
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *kirot'ak, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *kira-. Related to Estonian kiruma, and Votic tširoa, tširota.
Pronunciation
- Hyphenation: ki‧ro‧ta
- Rhymes: virota
- IPA(key): /ˈkirotɑ(ʔ)/
Verb
kirota
- (intransitive) To curse, swear, damn.
- (transitive, + genitive-accusative) To curse someone, cast a spell over someone/something, enchant someone (negatively).
Conjugation
| Inflection of kirota (Kotus type 74/katketa, no gradation) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative mood | ||||||
| present tense | perfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | kiroan | en kiroa | 1st sing. | olen kironnut | en ole kironnut | |
| 2nd sing. | kiroat | et kiroa | 2nd sing. | olet kironnut | et ole kironnut | |
| 3rd sing. | kiroaa | ei kiroa | 3rd sing. | on kironnut | ei ole kironnut | |
| 1st plur. | kiroamme | emme kiroa | 1st plur. | olemme kironneet | emme ole kironneet | |
| 2nd plur. | kiroatte | ette kiroa | 2nd plur. | olette kironneet | ette ole kironneet | |
| 3rd plur. | kiroavat | eivät kiroa | 3rd plur. | ovat kironneet | eivät ole kironneet | |
| passive | kirotaan | ei kirota | passive | on kirottu | ei ole kirottu | |
| past tense | pluperfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | kirosin | en kironnut | 1st sing. | olin kironnut | en ollut kironnut | |
| 2nd sing. | kirosit | et kironnut | 2nd sing. | olit kironnut | et ollut kironnut | |
| 3rd sing. | kirosi | ei kironnut | 3rd sing. | oli kironnut | ei ollut kironnut | |
| 1st plur. | kirosimme | emme kironneet | 1st plur. | olimme kironneet | emme olleet kironneet | |
| 2nd plur. | kirositte | ette kironneet | 2nd plur. | olitte kironneet | ette olleet kironneet | |
| 3rd plur. | kirosivat | eivät kironneet | 3rd plur. | olivat kironneet | eivät olleet kironneet | |
| passive | kirottiin | ei kirottu | passive | oli kirottu | ei ollut kirottu | |
| conditional mood | ||||||
| present | perfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | kiroaisin kiroisin | en kiroaisi en kiroisi | 1st sing. | olisin kironnut | en olisi kironnut | |
| 2nd sing. | kiroaisit kiroisit | et kiroaisi et kiroisi | 2nd sing. | olisit kironnut | et olisi kironnut | |
| 3rd sing. | kiroaisi kiroisi | ei kiroaisi ei kiroisi | 3rd sing. | olisi kironnut | ei olisi kironnut | |
| 1st plur. | kiroaisimme kiroisimme | emme kiroaisi emme kiroisi | 1st plur. | olisimme kironneet | emme olisi kironneet | |
| 2nd plur. | kiroaisitte kiroisitte | ette kiroaisi ette kiroisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte kironneet | ette olisi kironneet | |
| 3rd plur. | kiroaisivat kiroisivat | eivät kiroaisi eivät kiroisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat kironneet | eivät olisi kironneet | |
| passive | kirottaisiin | ei kirottaisi | passive | olisi kirottu | ei olisi kirottu | |
| imperative mood | ||||||
| present | perfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | |
| 2nd sing. | kiroa | älä kiroa | 2nd sing. | ole kironnut | älä ole kironnut | |
| 3rd sing. | kirotkoon | älköön kirotko | 3rd sing. | olkoon kironnut | älköön olko kironnut | |
| 1st plur. | kirotkaamme | älkäämme kirotko | 1st plur. | olkaamme kironneet | älkäämme olko kironneet | |
| 2nd plur. | kirotkaa | älkää kirotko | 2nd plur. | olkaa kironneet | älkää olko kironneet | |
| 3rd plur. | kirotkoot | älkööt kirotko | 3rd plur. | olkoot kironneet | älkööt olko kironneet | |
| passive | kirottakoon | älköön kirottako | passive | olkoon kirottu | älköön olko kirottu | |
| potential mood | ||||||
| present | perfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | kironnen | en kironne | 1st sing. | lienen kironnut | en liene kironnut | |
| 2nd sing. | kironnet | et kironne | 2nd sing. | lienet kironnut | et liene kironnut | |
| 3rd sing. | kironnee | ei kironne | 3rd sing. | lienee kironnut | ei liene kironnut | |
| 1st plur. | kironnemme | emme kironne | 1st plur. | lienemme kironneet | emme liene kironneet | |
| 2nd plur. | kironnette | ette kironne | 2nd plur. | lienette kironneet | ette liene kironneet | |
| 3rd plur. | kironnevat | eivät kironne | 3rd plur. | lienevät kironneet | eivät liene kironneet | |
| passive | kirottaneen | ei kirottane | passive | lienee kirottu | ei liene kirottu | |
| Nominal forms | ||||||
| infinitives | participles | |||||
| active | passive | active | passive | |||
| 1st | kirota | present | kiroava | kirottava | ||
| long 1st2 | kirotakseen | past | kironnut | kirottu | ||
| 2nd | inessive1 | kirotessa | kirottaessa | agent1, 3 | kiroama | |
| instructive | kiroten | — | negative | kiroamaton | ||
| 3rd | inessive | kiroamassa | — | 1) Usually with a possessive suffix. 2) Used only with a possessive suffix; this is the form for the third-person singular and third-person plural. | ||
| elative | kiroamasta | — | ||||
| illative | kiroamaan | — | ||||
| adessive | kiroamalla | — | ||||
| abessive | kiroamatta | — | ||||
| instructive | kiroaman | kirottaman | ||||
| 4th | nominative | kiroaminen | ||||
| partitive | kiroamista | |||||
| 5th2 | kiroamaisillaan | |||||
Usage notes
- The frequentative verb kiroilla is used when the cursing lasts longer, is continuous, is temporally more or less indefinite or the cursing is a habit. On the other hand, kirota is used, for example, when a person says one or a few naughty words in a particular situation. The difference can sometimes be translated in English by using the continuous aspect.
Related terms
- nouns: kirous
- verbs: frequentative kiroilla
Compounds
- kirosana
Anagrams
- kartio, koirat, ratkoi, tokari