kesal
Indonesian
Etymology
Cognate of Javanese ꦏꦼꦱꦼꦭ꧀ (kesel, “tired”), Old Javanese kĕsĕl (“tiredness, fatigue, exhaustion; sad, distressed”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [kəˈsal]
- Hyphenation: ke‧sal
Verb
kêsal
- to annoy
Conjugation
Conjugation of kesal (meng-, absolute intransitive, irregular) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Root | kesal | ||||
Active | Involuntary | Passive | Imperative | Jussive | |
Active | mengesal | terkesal | – | kesal | kesallah |
Locative | mengesali | terkesali | dikesali | kesali | kesalilah |
Causative / Applicative1 | mengesalkan | terkesalkan | dikesalkan | kesalkan | kesalkanlah |
Causative | |||||
Active | memperkesal | terperkesal | diperkesal | perkesal | perkesallah |
Locative | memperkesali | terperkesali | diperkesali | perkesali | perkesalilah |
Causative / Applicative1 | memperkesalkan | terperkesalkan | diperkesalkan | perkesalkan | perkesalkanlah |
1The -kan row is either causative or applicative, with transitive roots it mostly has applicative meaning. Notes: Some of these forms do normally not exist or are rarely used in standard Indonesian. Some forms may also change meaning. |
Derived terms
- kekesalan
Further reading
- “kesal” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.