keroella
Ingrian
Etymology
From kerota (“to swear”) + -ella. Akin to Finnish kiroilla.
Pronunciation
- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈkeroˌelːɑ/, [ˈke̞ro̞ˌe̞ɫː]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈkeroˌelːɑ/, [ˈke̞ro̞ˌe̞ɫːɑ]
- Rhymes: -elːɑ
- Hyphenation: ke‧ro‧el‧la
Verb
keroella
- (intransitive) to swear; to curse
Conjugation
| Conjugation of keroella (type 12/kuulla, t- gradation, gemination) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indikativa | |||||
| Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | kerotelen | en kerotele | 1st singular | oon keroelt, oon keroellut | en oo keroelt, en oo keroellut |
| 2nd singular | kerotelet | et kerotele | 2nd singular | oot keroelt, oot keroellut | et oo keroelt, et oo keroellut |
| 3rd singular | kerotelloo | ei kerotele | 3rd singular | ono keroelt, ono keroellut | ei oo keroelt, ei oo keroellut |
| 1st plural | kerotelemma | emmä kerotele | 1st plural | oomma keroelleet | emmä oo keroelleet |
| 2nd plural | keroteletta | että kerotele | 2nd plural | ootta keroelleet | että oo keroelleet |
| 3rd plural | kerotelloot1), kerotelevat2), keroellaa | evät kerotele | 3rd plural | ovat keroelleet | evät oo keroelleet |
| impersonal | keroellaa | ei keroella | impersonal | ono keroeltu | ei oo keroeltu |
| Imperfekta | Pluskvamperfekta | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | kerotelin | en keroelt, en keroellut | 1st singular | olin keroelt, olin keroellut | en olt keroelt, en olt keroellut |
| 2nd singular | kerotelit | et keroelt, et keroellut | 2nd singular | olit keroelt, olit keroellut | et olt keroelt, et olt keroellut |
| 3rd singular | keroteli | ei keroelt, ei keroellut | 3rd singular | oli keroelt, oli keroellut | ei olt keroelt, ei olt keroellut |
| 1st plural | kerotelimma | emmä keroelleet | 1st plural | olimma keroelleet | emmä olleet keroelleet |
| 2nd plural | kerotelitta | että keroelleet | 2nd plural | olitta keroelleet | että olleet keroelleet |
| 3rd plural | kerotelliit1), kerotelivat2), keroeltii | evät keroelleet | 3rd plural | olivat keroelleet | evät olleet keroelleet |
| impersonal | keroeltii | ei keroeltu | impersonal | oli keroeltu | ei olt keroeltu |
| Konditsionala | |||||
| Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | kerotelisin | en kerotelis | 1st singular | olisin keroelt, olisin keroellut | en olis keroelt, en olis keroellut |
| 2nd singular | kerotelisit, kerotelliist1) | et kerotelis | 2nd singular | olisit keroelt, olisit keroellut | et olis keroelt, et olis keroellut |
| 3rd singular | kerotelis | ei kerotelis | 3rd singular | olis keroelt, olis keroellut | ei olis keroelt, ei olis keroellut |
| 1st plural | kerotelisimma | emmä kerotelis | 1st plural | olisimma keroelleet | emmä olis keroelleet |
| 2nd plural | kerotelisitta | että kerotelis | 2nd plural | olisitta keroelleet | että olis keroelleet |
| 3rd plural | kerotelisiit1), kerotelisivat2), keroeltais | evät kerotelis | 3rd plural | olisivat keroelleet | evät olis keroelleet |
| impersonal | keroeltais | ei keroeltais | impersonal | olis keroeltu | ei olis keroeltu |
| Imperativa | |||||
| Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | — | — | 1st singular | — | — |
| 2nd singular | kerotele | elä kerotele | 2nd singular | oo keroelt, oo keroellut | elä oo keroelt, elä oo keroellut |
| 3rd singular | keroelkoo | elköö keroelko | 3rd singular | olkoo keroelt, olkoo keroellut | elköö olko keroelt, elköö olko keroellut |
| 1st plural | — | — | 1st plural | — | — |
| 2nd plural | keroelkaa | elkää keroelko | 2nd plural | olkaa keroelleet | elkää olko keroelleet |
| 3rd plural | keroelkoot | elkööt keroelko | 3rd plural | olkoot keroelleet | elkööt olko keroelleet |
| impersonal | keroeltakoo | elköö keroeltako | impersonal | olkoo keroeltu | elköö olko keroeltu |
| Potentsiala | |||||
| Preesens | |||||
| positive | negative | ||||
| 1st singular | keroellen | en keroelle | |||
| 2nd singular | keroellet | et keroelle | |||
| 3rd singular | keroelloo | ei keroelle | |||
| 1st plural | keroellemma | emmä keroelle | |||
| 2nd plural | keroelletta | että keroelle | |||
| 3rd plural | keroelloot | evät keroelle | |||
| impersonal | keroeltanoo | ei keroeltane | |||
| Nominal forms | |||||
| Infinitivat | Partisipat | ||||
| active | passive | ||||
| 1st | keroella | present | keroteleva | keroeltava | |
| 2nd | inessive | keroellees | past | keroelt, keroellut | keroeltu |
| instructive | keroellen | 1) Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect. 2) Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect. *) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (keroelkaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well. **) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) to the indicative, or -kse to the potential. ***) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition. | |||
| 3rd | illative | kerotelomaa | |||
| inessive | kerotelomaas | ||||
| elative | kerotelomast | ||||
| abessive | kerotelomata | ||||
| 4th | nominative | kerotelomiin | |||
| partitive | kerotelomista, kerotelomist | ||||
References
- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 157