karhu
See also: Karhu
Finnish
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *karhu, probably derived from *karheda (karhea, "rough, coarse") as a euphemism, replacing original *okci (oksi, but see ohto, otso). Sense 3 is a semantic loan from Swedish björn and sense 4 from English bear.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkɑrhu/, [ˈkɑrhu]
Audio: (file) - Rhymes: -ɑrhu
- Syllabification(key): kar‧hu
Noun
karhu
- bear (large omnivorous mammal of the family Ursidae)
- Synonym: see Thesaurus:karhu
- brown bear, Ursus arctos
- Synonyms: maakarhu, ruskeakarhu
- (informal) debtor
- Synonym: velkoja
- (informal) taxman
- Synonyms: verottaja, veronkantaja, (informal) verokarhu
- (finance) bear (investor who sells in anticipation of falling prices)
- Antonym: härkä
Declension
| Inflection of karhu (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | karhu | karhut | |
| genitive | karhun | karhujen | |
| partitive | karhua | karhuja | |
| illative | karhuun | karhuihin | |
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | karhu | karhut | |
| accusative | nom. | karhu | karhut |
| gen. | karhun | ||
| genitive | karhun | karhujen | |
| partitive | karhua | karhuja | |
| inessive | karhussa | karhuissa | |
| elative | karhusta | karhuista | |
| illative | karhuun | karhuihin | |
| adessive | karhulla | karhuilla | |
| ablative | karhulta | karhuilta | |
| allative | karhulle | karhuille | |
| essive | karhuna | karhuina | |
| translative | karhuksi | karhuiksi | |
| instructive | — | karhuin | |
| abessive | karhutta | karhuitta | |
| comitative | — | karhuineen | |
| Possessive forms of karhu (type valo) | ||
|---|---|---|
| possessor | singular | plural |
| 1st person | karhuni | karhumme |
| 2nd person | karhusi | karhunne |
| 3rd person | karhunsa | |
Derived terms
- karhukainen
- karhumainen
- karhuta
- kuin perseeseen ammuttu karhu
Compounds
- emokarhu
- emäkarhu
- etruskikarhu
- harmaakarhu
- Iso karhu
- jääkarhu
- karhuemo
- karhujahti
- karhukirje
- karhukoira
- Karhukopla
- karhukävely
- karhulanka
- karhumarkkinat
- karhunajo
- karhunhammas
- karhunkaataja
- karhunkaato
- karhunkieli
- karhunkierros
- karhunkoppi
- karhunköynnös
- karhunlanka
- karhunliha
- karhunmetsästys
- karhunnahka
- karhunpalvelus
- karhunpalvonta
- karhunpeijaiset
- karhunpenikka
- karhunpentu
- karhunpesä
- karhunpoika
- karhunpoikanen
- karhunputki
- karhunpyynti
- karhunpyytäjä
- karhunraudat
- karhunrauta
- karhunruoho
- karhunsammal
- karhuntalja
- karhunvatukka
- karhuruno
- Karhu-ryhmä
- karhuvipu
- karhuäyriäinen
- kodiakinkarhu
- luolakarhu
- maakarhu
- malaijikarhu
- marjaskarhu
- merikarhu
- mustakarhu
- muurahaiskarhu
- nallekarhu
- pandakarhu
- pesukarhu
- Pieni karhu
- puolikarhu
- pussikarhu
- sepelkarhu
- silmälasikarhu
- syyriankarhu
- teddykarhu
- tiekarhu
- verokarhu
Further reading
- "karhu" in Kielitoimiston sanakirja (Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish).
Ingrian
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Karhu.
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *karhu. Cognates include Finnish karhu and Estonian karu.
Pronunciation
- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈkɑru/, [ˈkɑru]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈkɑrhu/, [ˈkɑrhu]
- Rhymes: -ɑru, -ɑrhu
- Hyphenation: kar‧hu
Noun
karhu
- bear
- 1936, N. A. Iljin and V. I. Junus, Bukvari iƶoroin șkouluja vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 29:
- A täs ono karhu.
- And here is a bear.
-
Declension
| Declension of karhu (type 4/koivu, no gradation) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | karhu | karhut |
| genitive | karhun | karhuin, karhuloin |
| partitive | karhua | karhuja, karhuloja |
| illative | karhuu | karhui, karhuloihe |
| inessive | karhuus | karhuis, karhulois |
| elative | karhust | karhuist, karhuloist |
| allative | karhulle | karhuille, karhuloille |
| adessive | karhuul | karhuil, karhuloil |
| ablative | karhult | karhuilt, karhuloilt |
| translative | karhuks | karhuiks, karhuloiks |
| essive | karhunna, karhuun | karhuinna, karhuloinna, karhuin, karhuloin |
| exessive1) | karhunt | karhuint, karhuloint |
| 1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. | ||
Derived terms
- merikarhu
- valkia karhu
References
- V. I. Junus (1936) Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 61
- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 136
- Olga I. Konkova; Nikita A. Dyachkov (2014) Inkeroin Keel: Пособие по Ижорскому Языку, →ISBN, page 80