kaout

kaout

Breton

Etymology

Infinitive from kavout (to find), all other forms from the verb bezañ (to be). Cognate with Cornish kavos and y'm beus.

Verb

kaout

1. (auxiliary, transitive) to have
2. (transitive) to get

Conjugation

Personal forms
	Indicative						Conditional		Imperative
	Present	Imperfect	Preterite	Future	Present (habitual)	Imperfect (habitual)	Present	Imperfect
1s	am eus*	am boa*	am boe*	am bo*	am bez*	am beze*	am befe*	am bije*	am bezet*
2s	ac'h eus, az peus*	az poa*	az poe*	az po*	az pez*	az peze*	az pefe*	az pije*	az pez*
3s (m)	en deus	en doa, devoa	en doe, devoe	en devo	en devez	en deveze	en defe	en dije	en devezet
3s (f)	he deus	he doa, devoa	he doe, devoe	he devo	he devez	he deveze	he defe	he dije	he devezet
1p	hon eus	hor boa	hor boe	hor bo	hor bez	hor beze	hor befe	hor bije	hor bezet
2p	hoc'h eus, ho peus	ho poa	ho poe	ho po	ho pez	ho peze	ho pefe	ho pije	ho pezet, ho pet
3p	o deus	o doa, devoa	o doe, devoe	o devo	o devez	o deveze	o defe	o dije	o devezet
0	ez eus	e oa	e voe	e vo	e vez	e veze	e vefe	e vije	-
Impersonal forms							Mutated forms
Infinitive: kaout, endevout, en devout Present participle: o kaout, oc'h endevout Past participle: bet (auxiliary verb: kaout)							Soft mutation after a: - Mixed mutation after e: - Mixed mutation after o: n'am eus

Notes

• The form am in the first person of this verb can also appear as em. Middle Breton had 'm beus. Similarly ac'h and az of the second person may become ec'h and ez though this is rare. Middle Breton had only 'h eus for the present indicative and 'z peus for all other tenses.
• In the indicative present, the form az peus is a back-formation from the other tenses. As this verb is based on bezañ, the forms with az and initial p- in the second person singular all come from an initial b- of the conjugation of bezañ. But in the indicative present of bezañ in the second person, there is no initial b-, thus the normal form for kaout based on bezañ in the indicative present shows this same lack of initial consonant, thus eus with a particle ac'h. Nowadays the ac'h eus is more literary though very common, and az peus is becoming more and more common.
• The infinitive endevout or en devout is used in the dialects of Vannes, where the form of the present form is either em bout, ez pout, en/he d(ev)out, hor bout, ho pout, o d(ev)out or em-es, 't-es, en/hé-des, on-es, ho-es/ho-pes, o-des.

Inflection

  Mutation of kaout  

Breton consonant mutation
unmutated	soft	aspirate	hard	mixed
kaout	gaout	c'haout	unchanged	unchanged