kalti
Afar
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kʌlˈti/
- Hyphenation: kal‧ti
Noun
kaltí f
- removal
- (mathematics) subtraction
References
- Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie), Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)
Lithuanian
Etymology 1
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kolʔ-[1], from Proto-Indo-European *kolH-[1].
Cognates include Latvian kalt[1], Russian коло́ть (kolótʹ, “to stab, to prick”)[1] and Latin noun calamitas f (“damage”)[1].
Pronunciation
- (verb) IPA(key): /ˈkalʲtʲɪ/
Verb
kálti (third-person present tense kãla, third-person past tense kãlė) [2]
- to hammer, to strike
- to forge, to hammer
- Kalk geležį, kol karšta.[3]
- Strike while the iron is hot.
- Kalk geležį, kol karšta.[3]
- to mint, to strike
- (figuratively) to cram; to swot (UK)
Conjugation
Conjugation of kalti
singular (vienaskaita) | plural (daugiskaita) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person (pirmasis asmuo) | 2nd person (antrasis asmuo) | 3rd person (trečiasis asmuo) | 1st person (pirmasis asmuo) | 2nd person (antrasis asmuo) | 3rd person (trečiasis asmuo) | |||
aš | tu | jis/ji | mes | jūs | jie/jos | |||
indicative (tiesioginė nuosaka) | present (esamasis laikas) | kalu | kali | kala | kalame, kalam | kalate, kalat | kala | |
past (būtasis kartinis laikas) | kaliau | kalei | kalė | kalėme, kalėm | kalėte, kalėt | kalė | ||
past frequentative (būtasis dažninis laikas) | kaldavau | kaldavai | kaldavo | kaldavome, kaldavom | kaldavote, kaldavot | kaldavo | ||
future (būsimasis laikas) | kalsiu | kalsi | kals | kalsime, kalsim | kalsite, kalsit | kals | ||
subjunctive (tariamoji nuosaka) | kalčiau | kaltum | kaltų | kaltumėme, kaltumėm, kaltume | kaltumėte, kaltumėt | kaltų | ||
imperative (liepiamoji nuosaka) | — | kalk, kalki | tekala | kalkime, kalkim | kalkite, kalkit | tekala |
Participles of kalti
Adjectival (dalyviai) | |||
---|---|---|---|
active | passive | ||
present | kaląs, kalantis | kalamas | |
past | kalęs | kaltas | |
past frequentative | kaldavęs | — | |
future | kalsiąs, kalsiantis | kalsimas | |
participle of necessity | — | kaltinas | |
Adverbial | |||
special (pusdalyvis) | kaldamas | ||
half-participle (padalyviai) | present | kalant | |
past | kalus | ||
past frequentative | kaldavus | ||
future | kalsiant | ||
manner of action (būdinys) | kalte, kaltinai |
Synonyms
- (to hammer): varyti
Derived terms
verbs derived from kalti
with prefixes:
- ap-kalti
- at-kalti
- į-kalti
- iš-kalti
- (reflexive) iš-si-kalti
- pa-kalti
- pra-kalti
- (reflexive) pra-si-kalti
- pri-kalti
- už-kalti
- kalenti
nouns derived from kalti
- (verbal noun) kalimas m
- kalėjas m / kalėja f
- kalikas m / kalikė f
Related terms
- (noun) kuolas m
See also
- mušti, plakti
- kimšti
Participle
kalti m (past passive participle)
- masculine plural nominative form of kaltas.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [kɐlʲˈtʲɪ]
Adjective
kaltì m
- positive masculine plural nominative form of kaltas.
- positive masculine plural vocative form of kaltas.
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 230
- “kalti” in Balčikonis, Juozas et al. (1954), Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos žodynas. Vilnius: Valstybinė politinės ir mokslinės literatūros leidykla.
- “geležis” in Balčikonis, op. cit..
- “kalti” in Martsinkyavitshute, Victoria (1993), Hippocrene Concise Dictionary: Lithuanian-English/English-Lithuanian. New York: Hippocrene Books. →ISBN
Old High German
Alternative forms
- chaldī, chalte, chaltī, chaltīn, keltīn
Etymology
From Proto-West Germanic *kaldī, equivalent to kalt (“cold”) + -ī.
Noun
kaltī f
- coldness
Declension
Declension of kaltī (īn-stem)
case | singular | plural |
---|---|---|
nominative | kaltī | — |
accusative | kaltī | — |
genitive | kaltī | — |
dative | kaltī | — |
Descendants
- Middle High German: kelte
- Alemannic German: Chälti, Chelti
- Central Franconian: Käll
- Cimbrian: khélte
- German: Kälte
- Luxembourgish: Keelt
- Vilamovian: kełt