kalja
Estonian
Noun
kalja
- genitive singular of kali
- partitive singular of kali
- illative singular of kali
Finnish
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *kalja (cognate with Estonian kali). According to one theory, possibly from earlier *kaleja or *kaleta, possibly from an early Indo-European language; compare Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-u-t- (“beer”) (Proto-Slavic *olъ, Proto-Germanic *alu, Old Prussian alu, Old Armenian աւղի (awłi)), and if so, akin to olut, a later borrowing from Baltic or Germanic.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkɑljɑ/, [ˈkɑljɑ]
- Rhymes: -ɑljɑ
- Syllabification(key): kal‧ja
Noun
kalja
- A traditional fermented, homemade, weak table drink made of malt and sugar, closely resembling kvass; its alcohol content is between 0.8 and 2.2 %.
- Synonym: (see usage notes) kotikalja
- (informal) Synonym of olut (“beer”)
Usage notes
- The difference between kalja and kvass (a drink popular in Eastern Europe, called kvassi or taari in Finnish) is that the former is made from malt, whereas kvass is usually made of bread. Nevertheless, kalja is sometimes metonymically used to refer to kvass or other similar beverages in other cultures as well.
- The use of the term kalja to refer to beer in informal language is so common that it is now quite common to use kotikalja (strictly speaking only for homemade kalja) to refer to the other sense instead to avoid confusion.
Declension
| Inflection of kalja (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | kalja | kaljat | |
| genitive | kaljan | kaljojen | |
| partitive | kaljaa | kaljoja | |
| illative | kaljaan | kaljoihin | |
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | kalja | kaljat | |
| accusative | nom. | kalja | kaljat |
| gen. | kaljan | ||
| genitive | kaljan | kaljojen kaljainrare | |
| partitive | kaljaa | kaljoja | |
| inessive | kaljassa | kaljoissa | |
| elative | kaljasta | kaljoista | |
| illative | kaljaan | kaljoihin | |
| adessive | kaljalla | kaljoilla | |
| ablative | kaljalta | kaljoilta | |
| allative | kaljalle | kaljoille | |
| essive | kaljana | kaljoina | |
| translative | kaljaksi | kaljoiksi | |
| instructive | — | kaljoin | |
| abessive | kaljatta | kaljoitta | |
| comitative | — | kaljoineen | |
| Possessive forms of kalja (type kala) | ||
|---|---|---|
| possessor | singular | plural |
| 1st person | kaljani | kaljamme |
| 2nd person | kaljasi | kaljanne |
| 3rd person | kaljansa | |
Derived terms
- kaljoitella
- olla kaljoissaan
Compounds
compounds
- kaljabasso
- kaljakori
- kaljakuppila
- kaljamaha
- kaljanpano
- kaljapullo
- kaljasaavi
- keskikalja
- kotikalja
- pikakalja
- rapakalja
- samppakalja
- saunakalja
- talouskalja
- vaarinkalja
Anagrams
- jalka, kajal