ka
Translingual
Symbol
ka
- kiloyear (also ky, kyr)
- thousands of years ago
- (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Georgian.
English
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kɑː/
- Rhymes: -ɑː
Etymology 1
Borrowed from Egyptian kꜣ.
Noun
ka (plural kas)
- A spiritual part of the soul in Egyptian mythology, which survived after death.
- 1983, Norman Mailer, Ancient Evenings:
- Then, I wondered how long I must wait before seeing my Double, but if I recalled, the Ka was not supposed to appear before the seventy days of embalming were done.
- 1990, Camille Paglia, Sexual Personae:
- Hence Dorian's portrait is like the ka or double of the deceased in Egyptian tombs, heaped with toys and furniture.
- 2011, Neil Gaiman, American Gods (Tenth Anniversary Edition), William Morrow 2013, p. 179:
- ‘You could bind the ka of a man to his body for five thousand years,’ said Jaquel.
- 1983, Norman Mailer, Ancient Evenings:
Etymology 2
Origin uncertain.
Verb
ka
- (transitive, obsolete) To serve or help; used only in the phrase "Ka me, ka thee" or variants thereof.
- 1603, John Florio, translating Michel de Montaigne, Essays, III.5:
- Now nature stood ever on this point, Kæ mee Ile kæ thee, and ever ready to bee even alwaies on recompences and vicissitude of things, and to give as good as one brings.
- 1821, Walter Scott, Kenilworth:
- Ka me, ka thee, is a proverb all over the world.
- 1603, John Florio, translating Michel de Montaigne, Essays, III.5:
References
- Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase and Fable
Noun
ka (plural kas)
- The name of the Cyrillic script letter К / к.
Anagrams
- AK, Ak
Acehnese
Adverb
ka
- already
Afar
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkʌ/
Pronoun
ká
- he, him
Usage notes
- The form káa is used when the pronoun isn't followed by a clitic.
See also
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person m | 3rd person f | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Subject | Singular | anú | atú | úsuk | ís |
Plural | nanú | isín | úsun | ||
Object | Singular | yó | kó | ká | tét |
Plural | né | sín | kén |
References
- E. M. Parker; R. J. Hayward (1985), “ka”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN
Ainu
Etymology
Likely a loan word from Nivkh [script needed] (ha) (bearing the same meaning), given that the traps were of the same type and that sable hunting was taken up on Sakhalin for export to Qing China, to whom the Nivkh were nearer.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ka]
Noun
ka
- sable trap
References
- Bugaeva, Anna. Handbook of the Ainu Language, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781501502859
Albanian
Alternative forms
- nga (Tosk)
- kah
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ka] (Gheg)
Etymology 1
From older kah, from *kah ~ ngah (compare Tosk Albanian nga), from Proto-Albanian *en kaxa, from Proto-Indo-European *en kʷod so (“wherein, wherefrom”), literally ‘in which this’. Cognate with Old Church Slavonic къ (kŭ, “to”).
Preposition
ka (+nominative) [1]
- from, out, out of, to
- Jo, unë nuk jamka Shqipëria.
- No, I am not from Albania.
- who, whom
Etymology 2
The plural form qe suggests an earlier *kʷē, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws (“ox, cow”) via an unidentified Indo-European language.[2]
Pronunciation
- singular: IPA(key): [kaː]
- singular: IPA(key): [qɒ] (Gheg)
- plural: IPA(key): [ceː]
Noun
ka m (indefinite plural qe, definite singular kau, definite plural qetë)
- ox
- steer
Declension
indefinite forms (trajta të pashquara) | definite forms (trajta të shquara) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular (numri njëjës) | plural (numri shumës) | singular (numri njëjës) | plural (numri shumës) | ||
nominative (emërore) | (një) ka | (disa) qe | kau | qetë | |
accusative (kallëzore) | (një) ka | (disa) qe | kaun | qetë | |
genitive (gjinore) (i/e/të/së) | (një) kau | (disa) qeve | kaut | qevet | |
dative (dhanore) | (një) kau | (disa) qeve | kaut | qevet | |
ablative (rrjedhore) (prej) | (një) kau | (disa) qesh | kaut | qevet |
Hyponyms
- kau i hullisë (“stronger ox (of a team) that walks in the furrow”)
- ka i kularit (“yoke ox”)
Etymology 3
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb
ka
- third-person singular present indicative of kam
References
- Fialuur i voghel Sccyp e ltinisct (Small Dictionary of Albanian and Latin), page 51, by P. Jak Junkut, 1895, Sckoder
- Orel - Balcanica pg. 114
Amanab
Pronoun
ka
- I (first person singular nominative)
Ambonese Malay
Etymology
From Malay ke.
Preposition
ka
- to, towards
References
- D. Takaria, C. Pieter (1998) Kamus Bahasa Melayu Ambon-Indonesia, Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa
Bahnar
Etymology
From Proto-Bahnaric *kaː, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kaʔ; cognate with Sedang ká, Vietnamese cá, Mon က (kaʔ).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kaː/
Noun
ka
- fish
Bambara
Particle
ka
- possessive marker
- an ka jamana
- our country
Particle
ka
- particle linking subject and predicative adjective
- A ka ɲi
- It's good
- Kidali ka jan
- Kidal is far away
Basque
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ka/, [ka]
Noun
ka inan
- The name of the Latin-script letter K.
Declension
Declension of ka (inanimate, ending in -a) | |||
---|---|---|---|
indefinite | singular | plural | |
absolutive | ka | ka | kak |
ergative | kak | kak | kek |
dative | kari | kari | kei |
genitive | karen | karen | ken |
comitative | karekin | karekin | kekin |
causative | karengatik | karengatik | kengatik |
benefactive | karentzat | karentzat | kentzat |
instrumental | kaz | kaz | kez |
inessive | katan | kan | ketan |
locative | katako | kako | ketako |
allative | katara | kara | ketara |
terminative | kataraino | karaino | ketaraino |
directive | katarantz | karantz | ketarantz |
destinative | katarako | karako | ketarako |
ablative | katatik | katik | ketatik |
partitive | karik | — | — |
prolative | katzat | — | — |
See also
- (Latin-script letter names) a, be, ze, de, e, efe, ge, hatxe, i, jota, ka, ele, eme, ene, eñe, o, pe, ku, erre, ese, te, u, uve, uve bikoitz, ixa, i greko, zeta
Central Pomo
Noun
ka
- water
Chuukese
Pronoun
ka
- you (singular)
Adjective
ka
- you are
Related terms
Present and past tense | Negative tense | Future | Negative future | Distant future | Negative determinate | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | First person | ua | use | upwe | usap | upwap | ute |
Second person | ka, ke | kose, kese | kopwe, kepwe | kosap, kesap | kopwap, kepwap | kote, kete | |
Third person | a | ese | epwe | esap | epwap | ete | |
Plural | First person | aua (exclusive) sia (inclusive) | ause (exclusive) sise (inclusive) | aupwe (exclusive) sipwe (inclusive) | ausap (exclusive) sisap (inclusive) | aupwap (exclusive) sipwap (inclusive) | aute (exclusive) site (inclusive) |
Second person | oua | ouse | oupwe | ousap | oupwap | oute | |
Third person | ra, re | rese | repwe | resap | repwap | rete |
Cimbrian
Etymology
Shortened form of kan.
Preposition
ka
- Alternative form of kan, used before words starting with s.
Further reading
- “ka” in Martalar, Umberto Martello; Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo
Drung
Etymology
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ka.
Noun
ka
- word
References
- Ross Perlin (2019) A Grammar of Trung, Santa Barbara: University of California
Dutch
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kaː/
- Hyphenation: ka
- Rhymes: -aː
Etymology 1
From kade.
Noun
ka f (plural kaden or kades or ka's, diminutive kaatje n)
- Alternative form of kade.
Etymology 2
Uncertain. Possibly from Catharina Mulder or "Kaat Mossel".
Noun
ka f (plural ka's, diminutive kaatje n)
- (derogatory) dominant woman
Synonyms
- kenau
Etymology 3
Related to kauw.
Noun
ka f (plural ka's or kauwen, diminutive kaatje n or kauwtje n)
- Alternative form of kauw.
Etymology 4
Borrowed from Egyptian kꜣ.
Noun
ka c (plural ka's)
- ka (ancient Egyptian notion of the soul, shown as a bird)
Estonian
Etymology
Derived from kaasas.
Adverb
ka
- also, too
- Tema läks ka metsa.
- He also went to the forest.
- Tema läks ka metsa.
Ewe
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkɑː/
Noun
ka (plural kawo)
- cord
- line
- rope
- string
Verb
ka
- to bite
- to break
- to chip
- to rummage
Finnish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkɑ/, [ˈkɑ]
- Rhymes: -ɑ
- Syllabification(key): ka
Etymology 1
A dialectal or colloquial 2nd person imperative present of katsoa (“to look”).
Verb
ka
- (dialectal, colloquial) look!
- Ka!
Synonyms
- katso
- kato (colloquial)
Etymology 2
Variant of kaa, both shortenings of kanssa.
Adverb
ka
- (rare, dialectal) also, too
- Minä menin kauppaan ka.
- I went to a shop as well.
French
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ka/, /kɑ/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -ɑ
Noun
ka m (plural kas)
- kay, The name of the Latin-script letter K.
Futuna-Aniwa
Verb
ka
- (Aniwa) to squeal
German
Phrase
ka
- (Internet slang) Alternative spelling of k. A.
- 2004 September 21, Tilman Wetter, “Schaltauge nachrüsten?”, in de.rec.fahrrad, Usenet:
- Na gut
Mir war halt so nach schnellspannnabe, wegen Reifenwechseln undsoweiter.
Ich hab ka nun den zweiten Totenkopf abgerissen und die 14er Schlüssel
ziehen Winters immer in den Süden :-(- (please add an English translation of this quote)
- 2005 December 10, Alexander Jede, “einfrierende Maus bei xine”, in linux.debian.user.german, Usenet:
- Kann mir da einer helfen? ich hab absolut ka woran es liegt. AUs der config von xine bin ich zum nicht schlauer geworden.
- (please add an English translation of this quote)
- 2006 January 12, Alexander Jede, “einfrierende Maus bei xine”, in linux.debian.user.german, Usenet:
- irgendwo hab ich aufgeschnappt das mitte Februar neue Dual Core CPU´s auf den Markt kommen.Bitte nicht fragen wo ich das her hab,ka vieleicht bilde ich mir das ja auch nur ein ;-)
- (please add an English translation of this quote)
-
Guinea-Bissau Creole
Etymology
From African origin. Cognate with Kabuverdianu ka.
Adverb
ka
- not
Haitian Creole
Etymology 1
From French cas (“case”).
Noun
ka
- case, instance
Etymology 2
Contraction of kapab, from French capable
Verb
ka
- (auxiliary) can, be able to
Hausa
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /káː/
- (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA(key): [káː]
Adverb
kā
- (with dà or à) in or on
References
- Newman, Paul (2007) A Hausa-English Dictionary (Yale Language Series), New Haven; London: Yale University Press, →ISBN, page 102.
Hawaiian
Alternative forms
- ke (before words that begin with 'k', 'a', 'e', or 'o')
Article
ka sg (plural nā)
- the
Ido
Etymology
See kad. Decision no. 16, Progreso II. Based on the apocopic forms a, e, and o.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ka/
Particle
ka
- Apocopic form of kad (used before a consonant)
- Ka tu amoras me? ― Do you love me?
References
- Progreso II (in Ido), 1909–1910, pages 15, 357, 579
Japanese
Romanization
ka
- Rōmaji transcription of か
- Rōmaji transcription of カ
Javanese
Etymology
Clipping of ika
Determiner
ka
- (colloquial) yonder
Kabuverdianu
Etymology
From African origin.
Adverb
ka
- not
Kapampangan
Particle
ka
- marks a sentence as interrogative
- Kalaraman ka?
- Is it a lie?
- Nanka?
- What's up?
- whether (or not)
- X ka Y ka?
- Are you an X or Y?
- Munta ka alika?
- Are you going or not?
Pronoun
- you (second person singular)
Usage notes
- The word ka usually replaces ika when in the middle of a sentence.
- When speaking to be polite, use the plural form kayu, ikayu .
See also
- kana
- kanu
- kaya
- kayi
- wari
Latin
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /kaː/, [käː]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ka/, [käː]
Noun
kā f (indeclinable)
- The name of the letter K.
Coordinate terms
- (Latin-script letter names) littera; ā, bē, cē, dē, ē, ef, gē, hā / *acca, ī, kā, el, em, en, ō, pē, kū, er, es, tē, ū, ix / īx / ex, ȳ / ī graeca / ȳpsīlon, zēta
References
- Arthur E. Gordon, The Letter Names of the Latin Alphabet (University of California Press, 1973; volume 9 of University of California Publications: Classical Studies), part III: “Summary of the Ancient Evidence”, page 32
Clearly there is no question or doubt about the names of the vowels A, E, I, O, U. They are simply long A, long E, etc. (ā, ē, ī, ō, ū). Nor is there any uncertainty with respect to the six mutes B, C, D, G, P, T. Their names are bē, cē, dē, gē, pē, tē (each with a long E). Or about H, K, and Q: they are hā, kā, kū — each, again, with a long vowel sound.
Latvian
Etymology
Originally an old neuter nominative singular form of kas (“who, what”) that acquired the function of a conjunction. Cognates include Old Prussian ka (“who, what”).[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ka]
(file) |
Conjunction
ka
- that; used to link a subordinate clause to the main clause, sometimes with a pronominal antecedent (tas, tāds, tik, tādēļ, tāpēc), with various different functions:
- (a) subject:
- labi, ka darbs padarīts ― (it is) good that the work is done
- viņam nepatika, ka tagad viņi ar Plienu bija palikuši tikai divi ― he didn't like that now only he and Pliens had remained
- aplam darīts arī tas, ka divās dienās nopļāva visu Spilvas pļavu ― wrongly done was also that (= the fact) that (he) mowed the entire Spilva meadow in two days
- tveice bija tāda, ka šķita - tīrums smaržo kā liela rudzu kalte ― the heat was such that one felt (as if) the field smelled like a big rye drier
- (b) attributive complement, (secondary) predicate
- pienāca ziņa, ka tēvs saslimis ― there is news that father is sick
- viņi nolaida karogus per zīmi, ka demonstrācija beigusies ― they lowered the flags as a sign that the protest was over
- vēl vairāk sirdi nospeiž sāpes, / ka atkal apkārt tikai mežs ― even more the heart is oppressed by the pain / that again (there is) only forest around
- ir tāds karstums, ka pat putniņi paslēpušies ― (there) is such a heat that even the little birds are hiding
- (c) direct object
- viņš teica, ka varam iet ― he said that we could go
- Ģirts redzēja, ka Artūrs nekā neapjēdz, ka labāk runāt par ko citu ― Ģirts saw that Artūrs would never realize that it would be better to talk about something else
- Krančelis izrādīja visu savu nemieru ar to, ka nevarēja meiteni iepriecināt ― Krančelis showed all his concern with that (= the fact) that he could not cheer up the girl
- kas gan var būt vēl skaistāks pasaulē par to, ka cilvēks palīdz cilvēkam un draugs - draugam! ― what can be more beautiful in (this) world than that (= the fact) that a person helps (another) person and a friend - (another) friend!
- (d) adverbial complement (manner)
- viņpus upes krastā Preimanis lādējās, ka visa pamale skanēja ― on the shore, on the other side of the river, Preimanis cursed (in such a way) that the whole horizon resounded (with his curses)
- Saulītis krāca tā, ka ārā varēja dzirdēt ― Saulītis snored so (= in such a way) that one could hear it outside
- (e) adverbial complement (cause)
- (often tāpēc ka, tādēļ ka, less frequently tamdēļ ka, tālab ka, “for the reason that”)
- (e) adverbial complement (cause)
- viņai kļūst kauns par sevi, ka pat domās pieļāvusi salīdzinājumu ― she felt ashamed of herself, that (= because) she had allowed herself (to make) this comparison even in thought
- publicisti uzbruka rakstniekiem, ka tie bez īstas kvēles un dedzības ķeras pagatavot lugas ― the publishers attacked the writers that (= because) they tried to prepare (= write) plays without real fervor and zeal
- “bet varbūt tāpēc līst, ka man sāp zobs”, viņš iedomājās ― “but maybe it is raining for that reason, that (= because) my tooth hurts,” he thought
- krievu valoda mums jāprot tādēļ, ka tā ir mūsu kaimiņu un draugu valoda ― we must know Russian for that reason, that (= because) it is the language of our neighbors and friends
- Ješka nepaguva atbildēt, tāpēc ka papriekš gribēja iedzert ― Ješka couldn't answer, because he first wanted to drink
- tu, tēvoc, daudz ko nedzirdi, tādēļ ka kurls esi palicis ― you, uncle, haven't heard much, because you have become deaf
- (f) adverbial complement (consequence)
- (often tā kā “so that”)
- (f) adverbial complement (consequence)
- otrā rītā sāp mugura, ka tīri vai jāraud ― the next morning (his) back was in pain, (so much) that (he) simply had to cry
- visi bija tik satraukti, ka nemanīja, vai viņš atsveicinās vai ne ― everybody was so excited that (they) did not noticed whether or not he said goodbye
- Ainas acis vērāas tik mierīgas un vēas, ka viņš atmeta šādu domu ― (but) Aina's eyes were so peaceful and cool (= calm) that he abandoned such thought(s)
- dejotāju kājas bija noru noblietējušas tā, ka zeme sāka skanēt ― the dancers' feet had stomped the (forest) glade so (= in such a way) that the earth began to resound
- vējš gaudoja aizvien stiprāk, tā ka sāka jau drebēt majas jumts ― the wind howled more and more strongly, so that the house roof began to shake
- vecais zvirbulis bija ļoti noskumis un kļuva pat neuzmanīgs, tā ka to gandrīz noķēra pelēkais Minka ― the old sparrow had become very sad and even inattentive, so that the gray Minka (= cat) almost caught him
- (g) adverbial complement (purpose)
- pēc malkas ej, ka var kurināt tam akmenim virsū! ― go find wood, (so) that we can burn it on (top of) that rock
- skrien kā traks, ka tikai izraut lielāku normu ― I run (= work) like crazy, (so) that I may get a larger margin (= advantage)
- (h) adverbial complement (measure, proportion)
- tūlīt pēc kara pievairojis bija pelēču, ka mudž ― immediately after the war the grays (= landowners) became many, (so much) that (they) were swarming
- viņa steidzās tik ļoti, ka neievēroja vaļējās klēts durvis un tajās sēdošo cilvēku ― she hurried so much that (she) did not notice the open barn door and the person sitting in(side of) it
- vai tik daudz sāpju sevī pārvarēji, / ka tikai prieku spēsi citiem sniegt? ― have you overcome so much pain in yourself / that you will be able to give only joy to others?
- (i) adverbial complement (condition)
- kas tas par draugu, ka nevar palīdzēt? ― what kind of friend is he, that (= if) he can't help?
- kur gan esat, zilie ceriņi, ka nekur vairs nesatieku jūs? ― where are you, blue lilac, that (= if) I don't find you anywhere?
Particle
ka
- used to add a nuance of probability or doubt to a, usually negative, utterance, to make it optative, expressive of a desire (cf. kaut); may...
- jāsagrābj siens, ka neuznāk lietus ― (we) have to rake the hay together, may rain not come (i.e., maybe there will be rain)
- vispirms gādājiet, lai rudzi tiek statos; ka neuznāk krusa ― first of all make sure that the rye is in heaps; may hail not come (= i.e., maybe there will be hail)
- ka tik viņš neaizietu! ― may he only not leave! if only he wouldn't leave!
- “ka nenositas”, Nikolajs ieminas, bet onkulis atmet at roku: “liels puisietis, nenositīsies” ― “may he not get himself killed” (i.e., he probably won't get himself killed), Nikolas said, and uncle gestured with his hand: “(he is) a big boy, he won't get himself killed”
- “ak, ka tak viss neietu tik lēnām... tos, kas nomirs, tos tak ielaidīs jūrā?” “laikam”
- “oh, may everything not go so slowly (= if only everything didn't go so slowly)... those who died, they will be thrown into the sea?” “maybe”
- pagája labs brīdis, bet necēlās neviens no pakritušajiem skrējējiem... ka viņu vilks, nu būs abi divi beigti ― a good while went by, but none of the fallen runners stood up... may (the devil) take him, they now will be (= probably are) both finished (= dead)
- used to reinforce the intensity of an action or activity, usually with a repeated verb; ... and ...
- māte tik naigi dur ka dur - šuj savu šujamo ― mother so quickly pierced and pierced - she sows her sowing (= what she needs to sow, i.e. she is certainly carrying out her task)
References
- Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “ka”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
Mandarin
Romanization
ka
- Nonstandard spelling of kā.
- Nonstandard spelling of kǎ.
Usage notes
- English transcriptions of Mandarin speech often fail to distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without the appropriate indication of tone.
Mangas
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kā/
Pronoun
ka
- second person singular personal pronoun, you
References
- Blench, Robert; Bulkaam, Michael (2021) An Introduction to Mantsi, a South Bauchi language of Central Nigeria. University of Cambridge.
Maori
Particle
ka
- Marks an event as occurring at some time or as existing
- when; used before a verb to indicate the start of an action or state
- Marks a verb as being in future tense
- Used when counting numbers
- Ka tahi, ka rua, ka toru...
- One, two, three...
- Used in commands with taua and tātou
- ātou ka haere
- let's go
- now (for the first time); when used after kātahi anō
References
- "ka" - Maori Dictionary
Mapudungun
Adverb
ka (Raguileo spelling)
- too; also
Synonyms
- kafey
Conjunction
ka (Raguileo spelling)
- and
Determiner
ka (Raguileo spelling)
- another; not the same
Maquiritari
Alternative forms
- (allomorph after i) cha
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ka]
Particle
ka
- Forms a polar (yes/no) question.
Usage notes
In most circumstances this particle is found in the second position in a sentence (immediately after the first constituent). Occasionally, for unclear reasons, it may appear elsewhere.
References
- Cáceres, Natalia (2011), “ka”, in Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana, Lyon, page 158–159
Min Nan
Noun
ka (POJ, traditional 家, simplified 家)
- family, household
ka (POJ, traditional 鸠, simplified 鳩)
- turtle dove; Turtur orientalis
ka (POJ, traditional 铰, simplified 鉸)
- scissors
Verb
ka (POJ, traditional 加, simplified 加)
- to raise; to increase; to add; plus
Mizo
Etymology
From Proto-Kuki-Chin *kaj ~ kaj-maʔ , from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ŋa-j ~ ka (“I; me”).
Pronoun
ka
- I; me
References
- Lorrain, J. Herbert (1940), “ka”, in Dictionary of the Lushai language, Calcutta: Asiatic Society
Namuyi
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ka˧]
Noun
ka
- bed
Naxi
Etymology
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-ka-(n/m/ŋ).
Adjective
ka
- bitter
References
- Naxi Dictionary by T.M. Pinson, Lijiang 2012
Northern Pomo
Noun
ka
- water
Norwegian Bokmål
Pronoun
ka
- form removed with the spelling reform of 1959; superseded by hva
Norwegian Nynorsk
Pronoun
ka
- (dialectal, Trøndelag, non-standard since 1959) alternative form of kva (“what”)
- Ka e da du gjere på?
- What are you doing?
Pali
Alternative forms
- 𑀓 (Brahmi script)
- क (Devanagari script)
- ক (Bengali script)
- ක (Sinhalese script)
- က or ၵ (Burmese script)
- ก or กะ (Thai script)
- ᨠ (Tai Tham script)
- ກ or ກະ (Lao script)
- ក (Khmer script)
- 𑄇 (Chakma script)
Etymology 1
From the masculine and neuter respectively of Sanskrit क (ká), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kás, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷós.
Pronoun
ka m
- (interrogative) who
- (interrogative) what
- (interrogative) which
Declension
Case \\ Number | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative (first) | ko | ke |
Accusative (second) | kaṃ | ke |
Instrumental (third) | kena | kehi or kebhi |
Dative (fourth) | kassa or kissa | kesaṃ or kesānaṃ |
Ablative (fifth) | kasmā or kismā | kehi or kebhi |
Genitive (sixth) | kassa or kissa | kesaṃ or kesānaṃ |
Locative (seventh) | kasmiṃ or kamhi or kismiṃ or kimhi | kesu |
Derived terms
- kā (“who (f)”)
Pronoun
ka n
- (interrogative) what
- (interrogative) which
Declension
Case \\ Number | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative (first) | kiṃ | kāni |
Accusative (second) | kiṃ | kāni |
Instrumental (third) | kena | kehi or kebhi |
Dative (fourth) | kassa or kissa | kesaṃ or kesānaṃ |
Ablative (fifth) | kasmā or kismā | kehi or kebhi |
Genitive (sixth) | kassa or kissa | kesaṃ or kesānaṃ |
Locative (seventh) | kasmiṃ or kamhi or kismiṃ or kimhi | kesu |
Derived terms
- kāpurisa
Etymology 2
Probably from the pronunciation of a syllable consisting only of the letter.
Noun
ka m
- the Pali letter 'k'
- c. 500 AD, Kaccāyana, Pālivyākaraṇaṃ [Pali Grammar] (in Pali), page 4; republished as Satish Chandra Acharyya Vidyabhusana, editor, Kaccayana's Pali Grammar (edited in Devanagari character and translated into English), Calcutta, Bengal: Mahabodhi Society, 1901:
- क, ख, ग, घ, ङ, च, छ, ज, झ, ञ, ट, ठ, ड, ढ, ण, त, थ, द, ध, न, प, फ, ब, भ, म, य, र, ल, व, स, ह, ळ, ं। इति व्यञ्जन नाम होन्ति।
- Ka, kha, ga, gha, ṅa, ca, cha, ja, jha, ña, ṭa, ṭha, ḍa, ḍha, ṇa, ta, tha, da, dha, na, pa, pha, ba, bha, ma, ya, ra, la, va, sa, ha, ḷa, aṃ, iti vyañjanā nāma honti.
- 'k', 'kh', 'g', 'gh', 'ṅ', 'c', 'ch', 'j', 'jh', 'ñ, 'ṭ', 'ṭh', 'ḍ', 'ḍh', 'ṇ', 't', 'th', 'd', 'dh', 'n', 'p', 'ph', 'b', 'bh', 'm', 'y', 'r', 'l', 'v', 's', 'h', 'ḷ' and 'ṃ', these are the consonants by name.
- c. 500 AD, Kaccāyana, Pālivyākaraṇaṃ [Pali Grammar] (in Pali), page 12; republished as Satish Chandra Acharyya Vidyabhusana, editor, Kaccayana's Pali Grammar (edited in Devanagari character and translated into English), Calcutta, Bengal: Mahabodhi Society, 1901:
- को यस्स यथा-सको।
- Ko yassa yathā-sako.
- 'K' from 'y' as in 'sako'.
-
Declension
Case \\ Number | Singular |
---|---|
Nominative (first) | ko |
Accusative (second) | kaṃ |
Instrumental (third) | kena |
Dative (fourth) | kassa or kāya or katthaṃ |
Ablative (fifth) | kasmā or kamhā or kā |
Genitive (sixth) | kassa |
Locative (seventh) | kasmiṃ or kamhi or ke |
Vocative (calling) | ka |
Synonyms
- kakāra
References
- Pali Text Society (1921-1925), “ka˚”, in Pali-English Dictionary, London: Chipstead
Picuris
Verb
ka
- to wash
Further reading
- Dominic Yu, Comparative Phonology of Picurís and Taos (2008)
Pitjantjatjara
Conjunction
ka
- and (switching)
- Watingku maḻu nyangu ka wirtjapakaṉu.
- The man saw the kangaroo and the kangaroo ran away.
Usage notes
- Ka is a switching conjunction. When it links two clauses or sentences, it conveys that the second clause has a different subject from the first. In cases where the subject remains the same, the conjunction munu is used. In the example above, the subject of the second clause need not be "the kangaroo", although that seems the most likely possibility from context. The ku simply tells us that someone or something other than wati (the subject of the first clause) ran away.
- Although ka is spelt with a short a, the vowel is actually long (kaa). The misleading spelling exists for historical reasons.
Portuguese
Alternative forms
- kaka, kakaka (kakakaka...)
Interjection
ka
- ha (representation of laughter)
Rapa Nui
Etymology
From Proto-Polynesian *ka-, *ka. Cognates include Hawaiian ʻa- and Maori ka.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈka/
- Hyphenation: ka
Particle
ka
- Used to indicate the future tense.
- Used to indicate the imperative mood.
- Used to indicate the jussive mood.
- Used to indicate the temporal contiguity of an action.
- Used to indicate the conditional mood of a relative clause.
- Used to form a counting form from of the following numeral.
- Ka tahi, ka rua, ka toru. ― One, two, three.
Interjection
¡ka!
- Intensifies the following verb; how! what a!
- ¡Ka ma'itaki 'ō! ― How very beautiful!
Usage notes
- Ka is often used to convey an objective intensification, while ko is used when one has a strong emotion towards the subject.
References
- Paulus Kieviet (2017) A grammar of Rapa Nui, Berlin: Language Science Press, →ISBN, pages 153, 330, 477, 491
Rawang
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kʰɑ˧/
Etymology 1
Compare Burmese ကြက် (krak).
Noun
ka
- chicken.
Etymology 2
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-ka-(n/m/ŋ) (“bitter”). Cognate with Burmese ခါး (hka:), Old Chinese 苦 (OC *kʰaːʔ, *kʰaːs).
Adjective
ka
- bitter.
Scots
Alternative forms
- kae
Etymology
Of imitative origin, similar to Old High German kā (“crow, jackdaw”), Middle Low German kâ (“crow, jackdaw”), English caw.
Noun
ka (plural kas)
- jackdaw
Serbo-Croatian
Preposition
ka (Cyrillic spelling ка)
- Alternative form of k
Synonyms
- k
Adverb
ka (Cyrillic spelling ка)
- (Chakavian, Montenegro) as, like
Synonyms
- kao
Conjunction
ka
- (Chakavian, Montenegro) as, like
Synonyms
- kao
Pronoun
ka (Cyrillic spelling ка)
- (Chakavian, Kajkavian, interrogative) which (feminine)
- (Chakavian, Kajkavian, relative) which, that, who (feminine)
- (Chakavian, Kajkavian, indefinite) some (feminine)
Synonyms
- koja
Somali
Preposition
ka
- from
- away from
- out of
- about, concerning
Usage notes
- In Somali, prepositions fall before the verb and not before the noun they modify:
- Ka imow. ― To come from.
- Ka keen. ― To bring from.
Article
ka
- Alternative spelling of -ka
- Garaash ka fur. ― Open the garage.
References
- Puglielli, Annarita; Mansuur, Cabdalla Cumar (2012), “ka”, in Qaamuuska Af-Soomaliga, Rome: RomaTrE-Press, →ISBN
Spanish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈka/ [ˈka]
- Rhymes: -a
- Syllabification: ka
- Homophone: ca
Noun
ka f (plural kas)
- Name of the letter k
Further reading
- “ka”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Sumerian
Romanization
ka
- Romanization of 𒅗 (ka)
Swahili
Etymology
From the -ka- consecutive tense marker.
Pronunciation
Audio (Kenya) (file)
Adverb
ka
- and then (used between a series of actions that happened soon closely together)
Tagalog
Alternative forms
- ca – you, obsolete, Abecedario orthography
- k – Internet and text messaging slang, you
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ka/, [kɐ]
Noun
ka (Baybayin spelling ᜃ)
- The name of the Latin-script letter K, in the abakada alphabet.
- Synonym: (in Filipino alphabet) key
- Alternative spelling of 'ka
Pronoun
ka (Baybayin spelling ᜃ)
- you (second person singular)
Usage notes
- The word ka usually replaces ikaw when in the middle of a sentence.
- When speaking to be polite, use the plural form kayo.
See also
Person | Number | Direct (ang) | Indirect (ng) | Oblique (sa) |
---|---|---|---|---|
First | singular | ako | ko | akin |
dual* | kita, kata | nita, nata, ta | kanita, kanata, ata | |
plural inclusive | tayo | natin | atin | |
plural exclusive | kami | namin | amin | |
First & Second | singular | kita** | ||
Second | singular | ikaw, ka | mo | iyo |
plural | kayo, kamo | ninyo, niyo | inyo | |
Third | singular | siya | niya | kaniya |
plural | sila | nila | kanila | |
* First person dual pronouns are not commonly used. ** Replaces "ko ikaw". |
Thai
Romanization
ka
- Romanization of ค่ะ
Tok Pisin
Etymology
From English car.
Noun
ka
- car
Tuvaluan
Particle
ka
- future tense marker, inserted immediately before the relevant verb
Ujir
Numeral
ka
- four
References
- Antoinette Schapper, Marian Klamer, Numeral systems in the Alor-Pantar languages
Veps
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Adverb
ka
- yes
- certainly, absolutely
- naturally, of course
- let's [+first-person plural imperative]
Conjunction
ka
- but
- then (in "if...then" constructions)
References
- Zajceva, N. G.; Mullonen, M. I. (2007), “безусловно, да, давать, естественно, конечно, но”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary], Petrozavodsk: Periodika
Volapük
Conjunction
ka
- than (used for comparisons)
Yoruba
Etymology 1
Cognate with Igala káà
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kà/
Verb
kà
- (intransitive, transitive) to count
- (intransitive, transitive) to read
Usage notes
- ka before a direct object
Derived terms
- ìkà (“the act of reading”)
- kíkà (“reading, counting”)
- òǹkà (“number”)
Etymology 2
Likely cognate with Igala kà (“to tell”) and Igbo kà (“to speak”), perhaps related to Nupe gàn
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kà/
Verb
kà
- (transitive) to confess (literally, "to recount previous misdeeds involuntarily or under duress")
Usage notes
- ka before a direct object
Derived terms
- ìkà (“the act of confession”)
Related terms
- jẹ́wọ́ (“to confess”)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kà/
Verb
kà
- to buy things in the hundreds
Usage notes
- ka before a direct object
Derived terms
- ìkà
Etymology 4
Cognate with Igala ká
Alternative forms
- kán (Ìgbómìnà)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ká/
Verb
ká
- (transitive) to pluck fruit (from a tree)
- to break something; to knock off something
- (idiomatic) to become snapped under pressure
Derived terms
- ìká
- ká ìbó (“euphemism for a child dying literally "to pluck the fruit of the ibo tree"”)
- káléyín
- késo
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ká/
Verb
ká
- (transitive) to curl or fold something
- Fọlá, wá bá mi ká aṣọ! ― Fọla, come and help me fold the clothes
- (intransitive) to become curled or folded
- to constrain someone (often via supernatural means)
- (idiomatic) to get something under control
- apá àtẹ́lẹwọ́ kì í ká ilé ― The arm of the palm cannot control the house (Yoruba incantation)
Derived terms
- ìká
- kápá
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ká/
Verb
ká
- to be everywhere
Usage notes
- Used especially in the V2 position
Derived terms
- àyíká (“around”)
- ìká
- káàkiri (“around”)
- kárí (“around”)
- rìnká (“to wander, walk around”)
- yíká (“to surround”)
- Yímiká (“a shortened name form meaning "surrounds me"”)
- Yín̄ká (“a shortened name form meaning "surrounds me"”)