jǫrð

jǫrð

See also: jord, jørð, jorð, and jörð

Old Norse

Alternative forms

• jorð

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *erþō (“earth”). Cognate with Old English eorþe, Old Frisian erthe, Old Saxon ertha, Old Dutch ertha, Old High German erda, Gothic 𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌰 (airþa). The root vowel e underwent breaking (e > ja), or breaking and u-umlaut (e > ja > jǫ).

Pronunciation

• (12th century Icelandic) IPA^(key): /ˈjɒrð/

Noun

jǫrð f (genitive jarðar, plural jarðir)

1. earth
   • Alvíssmál, stanza 9, lines 4-6

     Hvé sú jǫrð heitir,
     er liggr fyr alda sonum
     heimi hverjum í?

     How is the earth named,
     that which lies before the sons of men,
     in each of the worlds?

Declension

  Declension of jǫrð (strong ō-stem, ar and ir-plurals)

feminine	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	jǫrð	jǫrðin	jarðar, jarðir	jarðarnar, jarðirnar
accusative	jǫrð	jǫrðina	jarðar, jarðir	jarðarnar, jarðirnar
dative	jǫrð, jǫrðu	jǫrðinni	jǫrðum	jǫrðunum
genitive	jarðar	jarðarinnar	jarða	jarðanna

Descendants

• Icelandic: jörð
• Faroese: jørð
• Norn: yurn (< jǫrðin)
• Norwegian Nynorsk: jord f
• Jamtish: jórð
• Elfdalian: juord
• Westrobothnian: jol
• Old Swedish: iorþ, iordh
  • Swedish: jord
• Old Danish: iorth
  • Danish: jord
    • Norwegian Bokmål: jord m or f
  • Scanian: jorð
• Old Gutnish: iorþ
  • Gutnish: jård