alus

English

Noun

alus

plural of alu

Anagrams

Auls, Luas, Saul, ULAS, ULAs, auls, saul

Balinese

Romanization

alus

Romanization of ᬳᬮᬸᬲ᭄

Estonian

Etymology

From ala- +‎ -us.

Noun

alus (genitive aluse, partitive alust)

base, bottom (something on which an object stands or is attached to)
Samba alus on graniidist. ― The base of the statue is made of granite.
foundation, base, fundamental (in an abstract sense)
Programmeerimise alused. ― Fundamentals of programming.
watercraft, vessel
(grammar) subject
(chemistry) base
Tugevaid aluseid nimetatakse leelisteks. ― Strong bases are called alkali.

Declension

Inflection of alus (ÕS type 9/katus, no gradation)

	singular	plural
nominative	alus	alused
accusative	aluse	alused
genitive	aluse	aluste
partitive	alust	aluseid
illative	alusesse	alustesse aluseisse
inessive	aluses	alustes aluseis
elative	alusest	alustest aluseist
allative	alusele	alustele aluseile
adessive	alusel	alustel aluseil
ablative	aluselt	alustelt aluseilt
translative	aluseks	alusteks aluseiks
terminative	aluseni	alusteni
essive	alusena	alustena
abessive	aluseta	alusteta
comitative	alusega	alustega

Derived terms

aluseline
alusetu

Finnish

Etymology

From al +‎ -us.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɑlus/, [ˈɑlus̠]
Rhymes: -ɑlus
Syllabification^(key): a‧lus

Noun

alus

vessel, craft, ship (vehicle designed for navigation in or on water or air or through outer space)
Synonym: laiva
(in compounds) underlay, base, under- (anything underlaid)
Synonyms: alunen, alusta, (dialectal) alu-
Antonyms: päälys, (dialectal) pääly-
aluskerros ― underlayer
alushousut ― underpants
aluspatja ― bed base (literally, “undermattress”)
(grammar, dated) subject
Synonyms: subjekti, tekijä

Declension

Inflection of alus (Kotus type 39/vastaus, no gradation)
nominative		alus	alukset
genitive		aluksen	alusten aluksien
partitive		alusta	aluksia
illative		alukseen	aluksiin
		singular	plural
nominative		alus	alukset
accusative	nom.	alus	alukset
accusative	gen.	aluksen	alukset
genitive		aluksen	alusten aluksien
partitive		alusta	aluksia
inessive		aluksessa	aluksissa
elative		aluksesta	aluksista
illative		alukseen	aluksiin
adessive		aluksella	aluksilla
ablative		alukselta	aluksilta
allative		alukselle	aluksille
essive		aluksena	aluksina
translative		alukseksi	aluksiksi
instructive		—	aluksin
abessive		aluksetta	aluksitta
comitative		—	aluksineen

Possessive forms of alus (type vastaus)
possessor	singular	plural
1st person	alukseni	aluksemme
2nd person	aluksesi	aluksenne
3rd person	aluksensa

Derived terms

alustaa

Compounds

alusastia
alushame
alushousut
aluskasvillisuus
aluskate
aluskimono
aluslakana
aluslautanen
aluslevy
alusmaa
aluspaita
alusvaate
avaruusalus
emoalus
emäalus
huoltoalus
huvialus
hävittäjäalus
höyryalus
ilma-alus
ilmatyynyalus
irtolastialus
jokialus
kaapelialus
kalastusalus
kantosiipialus
kantotasoalus
kauppa-alus
kelirikkoalus
komentoalus
konealus
konttialus
koulualus
kuivalastialus
kuljetusalus
kuualus
kynnenalus
lastialus
lentotukialus
leuanalus
luotsialus
mahanalus
maihinnousualus
majakka-alus
matkustaja-alus
merialus
meripelastusalus
merivartioalus
miehistönkuljetusalus
moottorialus
pannunalus
pelastusalus
peräporttialus
pinta-alus
purjealus
puskualus
päänalus
rahtialus
rannikkoalus
raskaslastialus
risteilyalus
saaristoalus
saattaja-alus
siipiratasalus
silmänalus
sisaralus
sisävesialus
sota-alus
suihkualus
sukellusalus
säiliöalus
säähavaintoalus
taistelualus
tankkialus
tiedustelualus
tukialus
turbiinialus
työntöalus
valaanpyyntialus
valtamerialus
vartioalus
vatsanalus
vihollisalus
viikinkialus
ydinalus
öljynkeräysalus

Anagrams

lasu, lusa, sula

Ingrian

Etymology 1

From ala- (“under-”) +‎ -us. Akin to Finnish alus and Estonian alus.

Pronunciation

(Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈɑlus/, [ˈɑɫuz̠]

(Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈɑlus/, [ˈɑɫuʒ̥]

Rhymes: -ɑlus

Hyphenation: a‧lus

Noun

alus

vessel, ship
- 1937, N. A. Iljin, Lukukirja: Inkeroisia alkușkouluja vart (kolmas osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 6:
  Ennen meil oli paljo alusmeehiä. Ken oli rikas - katsot, i alus oli.
  Before, we had a lot of sailors. Whoever was rich - you take one look, and [he has] a ship.
lining (of a garment)
bedding (base on which one sleeps)

Declension

Declension of alus (type 2/petos, no gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	alus	alukset
genitive	aluksen	aluksiin
partitive	alusta, alust	aluksia
illative	aluksee	aluksii
inessive	aluksees	aluksiis
elative	aluksest	aluksist
allative	alukselle	aluksille
adessive	alukseel	aluksiil
ablative	alukselt	aluksilt
translative	alukseks	aluksiks
essive	aluksenna, alukseen	aluksinna, aluksiin
exessive¹⁾	aluksent	aluksint
¹⁾ obsolete ^) the accusative* corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) ^) the comitative** is formed by adding the suffix -ka^? or -kä^? to the genitive.

Synonyms

(ship): laiva, soimi

Derived terms

pintamaanalus

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

(Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈɑlusːɑ/, [ˈɑɫus̠ː]

(Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈɑlus/, [ˈɑɫuʒ̥]

Rhymes: -ɑlusːɑ, -ɑlus

Hyphenation: a‧lus

Noun

alus

inessive singular of alku

References

Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 14

Latvian

Alus

Etymology

From Proto-Baltic *álu, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂elut- (“bitter”). A minority view considers the Latvian and Lithuanian terms to be ultimately borrowings from Germanic, via Old Prussian. Cognates include Lithuanian alùs, Old Prussian alu (“honey drink”), Old East Slavic олъ (olŭ, “strong drink”), Bulgarian олови́на (olovína, “beer yeast”), Slovene ôl (“beer”)|ol, Old English ealu, alu, English ale, Old Norse ǫl (“beer; feast”), Ancient Greek ἀλύδοιμος (alúdoimos, “bitter”).[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [alus]
(file)

Noun

alus m (3rd declension)

beer (alcoholic beverage usually made with barley malt and hops)
gaišais alus ― lager (literally, “light beer”)
tumšais alus ― dark beer
mājas alus ― home beer
amatnieku alus ― craft beer
medalus ― honey beer
alus muca ― beer barrel, keg
alus kauss ― beer mug
alus darītava ― brewery (literally, “beer making place”)
alus rūpniecība ― beer industry
darīt, vārīt alu ― to make (literally, “to do”), to brew (literally, “to boil”) beer
Jāņiem tika brūvēts alus, un nu staigāja no mutes uz muti liela, zaļa māla krūze, putām pārsegta, rūgteni smaržīga dzēriena pilna
in midsummer beer was brewed, and then a big, green clay jug went from mouth to mouth, covered with foam and full of (that) bitter, aromatic drink

Declension

Declension of alus (3rd declension)

	singular (vienskaitlis)	plural (daudzskaitlis)
nominative (nominatīvs)	alus	—
accusative (akuzatīvs)	alu	—
genitive (ģenitīvs)	alus	—
dative (datīvs)	alum	—
instrumental (instrumentālis)	alu	—
locative (lokatīvs)	alū	—
vocative (vokatīvs)	alus	—

References

Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “alus”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN

Lithuanian

Alus

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *álu, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂elut-.[1]

Cognate with Latvian alus (“beer”), Old Prussian alu (“beer”), and Proto-Slavic *ȍlъ (“beer”).[1][2][3]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ɐˈlʊs]

Noun

alùs m (plural ãlūs) stress pattern 4

beer

Declension

declension of alus

	singular (vienaskaita)	plural (daugiskaita)
nominative (vardininkas)	alùs	ãlūs
genitive (kilmininkas)	alaũs	alų̃
dative (naudininkas)	ãlui	alùms
accusative (galininkas)	ãlų	alùs
instrumental (įnagininkas)	alumì	alumìs
locative (vietininkas)	alujè	aluosè
vocative (šauksmininkas)	alaũ	ãlūs

References

Derksen, Rick (2015), “alus”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 53
“alus”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
“alùs” in Hock et al., Altlitauisches etymologisches Wörterbuch 2.0 (online, 2020–); p. 26 in ALEW 1.1 (online, 2019).

Ternate

Etymology

From Malay halus or Javanese ꦲꦭꦸꦱ꧀ (alus).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈa.lus]

Verb

alus

(stative) to be smooth
(stative) to be polite
(stative) to be refined (culturally)

Conjugation

Conjugation of alus
	Singular	Plural
	Inclusive	Exclusive
1st	toalus	foalus	mialus
2nd	noalus	nialus
3rd	Masculine	oalus	ialus, yoalus^†
Feminine	moalus
Neuter	ialus
† - archaic

References

Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

[1] Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “alus”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN

[rd-2] Derksen, Rick (2015), “alus”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 53

[3] “alus”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012

[4] “alùs” in Hock et al., Altlitauisches etymologisches Wörterbuch 2.0 (online, 2020–); p. 26 in ALEW 1.1 (online, 2019).

alus

English

Noun

Anagrams

Balinese

Romanization

Estonian

Etymology

Noun

Declension

Derived terms

Finnish

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Derived terms

Compounds

Anagrams

Ingrian

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Synonyms

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Noun

References

Latvian

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

References

Lithuanian

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

References

Further reading

Ternate

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

References