-ják
See also: jak, Jak, -jak, and јак
Hungarian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [jaːk]
Etymology 1
-ja (third-person singular suffix) + -k (plural suffix)
Suffix
-ják
- (personal suffix) Used to form the third-person plural present tense of verbs (indicative mood, definite conjugation).
- hall (“to hear”) → Nem hallják, amit mondasz. - They can't hear what you are saying.
Usage notes
- See harmonic variants in the table below.
Present tense definite – personal endings
| Person | Back vowel | Front vowel | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| unrounded | rounded | |||
| én | 1st person singular | -om | -em | -öm |
| te | 2nd person singular | -od | -ed | -öd |
| ő maga ön | 3rd person singular or formal 2nd person singular | -ja | -i | |
| mi | 1st person plural | -juk | -jük | |
| ti | 2nd person plural | -játok | -itek | |
| ők maguk önök | 3rd person plural or formal 2nd person plural | -ják | -ik | |
| én | 1st person singular subject with 2nd person object | -lak | -lek | |
| after two consonants or a long vowel + t | -alak | -elek | ||
Etymology 2
-j (subjunctive / imperative suffix) + -ák (personal suffix)
Suffix
-ják
- (personal suffix) Used to form the third-person plural subjunctive/imperative of verbs (definite conjugation).
- ír (“to write”) → Hova írják a nevüket a gyerekek? - Where should the children write their names?
- Írják le a nevüket! - Write down your name! (formally addressing multiple persons)
Usage notes
- See harmonic variants in the table below.
Subjunctive/imperative definite - personal endings
| Person | Back vowel | Front vowel | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| unrounded | rounded | ||||
| én | 1st person singular | -jam | -jem | ||
| te | 2nd person singular | -d | |||
| long form | -jad | -jed | |||
| ő maga ön | 3rd person singular | -ja | -je | ||
| mi | 1st person plural | -juk | -jük | ||
| ti | 2nd person plural | -játok | -jétek | ||
| ők maguk önök | 3rd person plural | -ják | -jék | ||
| én | 1st person singular subject with 2nd person object | -jalak | -jelek | ||
| Verb ending | Assimilation rules of -j | ||||
| s, sz, z, dz | The -j assimilates to the verb ending: keres + -j → keress | ||||
| st, szt | The -t is removed, the -j assimilates to the -s, -sz: fest + -j → fess | ||||
| long vowel + t or consonant + t | The -j becomes -s: segít + -j → segíts bont + -j → bonts Exceptions: bocsát → bocsáss, lát → láss | ||||
| short vowel + t | Both the stem-final -t and the -j becomes -s: mutat + -j → mutass | ||||
See also
- Category:Hungarian verb forms
- Appendix:Hungarian suffixes