justifier
English
Etymology
justify + -er.
Noun
justifier (plural justifiers)
- (chiefly philosophy) One who, or that which, justifies some belief or action.
- One who pardons and absolves from guilt and punishment.
- 1867, The Evangelical Repository and United Presbyterian Review (page 483)
- God, essentially considered, in the person of the Father, is especially the justifier, in respect of judiciary power and authority.
- 1867, The Evangelical Repository and United Presbyterian Review (page 483)
- (computing, typography) A machine, program or algorithm that justifies text by aligning it.
- 1955, Book Production (volumes 61-62, page 43)
- When the operator starts typing the third line, the justifier goes to work on the second.
- 1955, Book Production (volumes 61-62, page 43)
Translations
one who justifies
|
French
Etymology
From Old French justifier, borrowed from Late Latin iūstificāre, jūstificare, present active infinitive of iustificō, from Latin iūstus.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʒys.ti.fje/
Audio (file)
Verb
justifier
- to justify
Conjugation
Conjugation of justifier (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | justifier | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | justifiant /ʒys.ti.fjɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | justifié /ʒys.ti.fje/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | justifie /ʒys.ti.fi/ | justifies /ʒys.ti.fi/ | justifie /ʒys.ti.fi/ | justifions /ʒys.ti.fjɔ̃/ | justifiez /ʒys.ti.fje/ | justifient /ʒys.ti.fi/ |
| imperfect | justifiais /ʒys.ti.fjɛ/ | justifiais /ʒys.ti.fjɛ/ | justifiait /ʒys.ti.fjɛ/ | justifiions /ʒys.ti.fi.jɔ̃/ | justifiiez /ʒys.ti.fi.je/ | justifiaient /ʒys.ti.fjɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | justifiai /ʒys.ti.fje/ | justifias /ʒys.ti.fja/ | justifia /ʒys.ti.fja/ | justifiâmes /ʒys.ti.fjam/ | justifiâtes /ʒys.ti.fjat/ | justifièrent /ʒys.ti.fjɛʁ/ | |
| future | justifierai /ʒys.ti.fi.ʁe/ | justifieras /ʒys.ti.fi.ʁa/ | justifiera /ʒys.ti.fi.ʁa/ | justifierons /ʒys.ti.fi.ʁɔ̃/ | justifierez /ʒys.ti.fi.ʁe/ | justifieront /ʒys.ti.fi.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | justifierais /ʒys.ti.fi.ʁɛ/ | justifierais /ʒys.ti.fi.ʁɛ/ | justifierait /ʒys.ti.fi.ʁɛ/ | justifierions /ʒys.ti.fi.ʁjɔ̃/ | justifieriez /ʒys.ti.fi.ʁje/ | justifieraient /ʒys.ti.fi.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | justifie /ʒys.ti.fi/ | justifies /ʒys.ti.fi/ | justifie /ʒys.ti.fi/ | justifiions /ʒys.ti.fi.jɔ̃/ | justifiiez /ʒys.ti.fi.je/ | justifient /ʒys.ti.fi/ |
| imperfect2 | justifiasse /ʒys.ti.fjas/ | justifiasses /ʒys.ti.fjas/ | justifiât /ʒys.ti.fja/ | justifiassions /ʒys.ti.fja.sjɔ̃/ | justifiassiez /ʒys.ti.fja.sje/ | justifiassent /ʒys.ti.fjas/ | |
| (compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | justifie /ʒys.ti.fi/ | — | justifions /ʒys.ti.fjɔ̃/ | justifiez /ʒys.ti.fje/ | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms
- la fin justifie les moyens
Related terms
- justification
- juste
Descendants
- → Romanian: justifica
Further reading
- “justifier”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Old French
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin iūstificāre, jūstificare, present active infinitive of iustificō, from Latin iūstus.
Verb
justifier
- to show to be innocent
- 12th century, Cambridge Psalter
- E ne vienges pas a jugier od tun serf, ker n'en iert pas justifiiez el tun esguardemenz
- (please add an English translation of this quote)
- 12th century, Cambridge Psalter
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
Conjugation of justifier (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | justifier | avoir justifïé | |||||
| gerund | en justifiant | Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| present participle | justifiant | ||||||
| past participle | justifïé | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses | present | justifi | justifïes | justifïe | justifions | justifïez | justifïent |
| imperfect | justifioie, justifïeie, justifioe, justifïeve | justifioies, justifïeies, justifioes, justifïeves | justifioit, justifïeit, justifiot, justifïeve | justifiiiens, justifiiens | justifiiiez, justifiiez | justifioient, justifïeient, justifioent, justifïevent | |
| preterite | justifiai | justifias | justifia | justifiames | justifiastes | justifïerent | |
| future | justifïerai | justifïeras | justifïera | justifïerons | justifïeroiz, justifïereiz, justifïerez | justifïeront | |
| conditional | justifïeroie, justifïereie | justifïeroies, justifïereies | justifïeroit, justifïereit | justifïeriiens, justifïeriens | justifïeriiez, justifïeriez | justifïeroient, justifïereient | |
| compound tenses | present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses | present | justifi | justifis | justifit | justifions | justifïez | justifïent |
| imperfect | justifiasse | justifiasses | justifiast | justifiissons, justifiissiens | justifiissoiz, justifiissez, justifiissiez | justifiassent | |
| compound tenses | past | Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | justifïe | — | justifions | justifïez | — | ||
Descendants
- French: justifier
- → Romanian: justifica
- → Middle English: justifien
- English: justify
- Scots: justifee