Jurchen
English
Alternative forms
- Jurched, Jurchet
- Jurgen (uncommon)
Etymology
![](Images/wiktionary/Poimali_olenia.jpg.webp)
Siberians capturing a reindeer
A modern reconstruction of the early Jurchen form of the name (likely actually *Jörcen),[1] attested in Chinese transcription as 竹里真 (Zhúlǐzhēn), pronounced Trjuwk-li-tsyin in Middle Chinese, and Khitan transcription as Julisen,[2] developed under the influence of Manchu Jurcit[1] and Mongolian жүрчид (žürčid).[3] Vajda argues for a derivation from a Proto-Tungusic word meaning "reindeer people", cognate with the Orochs of Russia's Khabarovsk Province and the Oroks of Sakhalin.[4]
Noun
Jurchen (plural Jurchens or Jurchen)
- A member of a medieval and early modern Tungusic people, progenitors of the Manchus.
- Synonyms: Nurchen, Nuzhen, Nuzhi, Nüzhen, Nuchen, (inexact) Jin, (obsolete) Eastern Tartars, (obsolete) Golden Tartars
Translations
Tungusic people
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked
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Proper noun
Jurchen
- An extinct Tungusic language (code
jur
), related to Manchu.- Synonym: Nurchen
Translations
language
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References
- Janhunen, Juha. "From Choson to Jucher: On the Possibilities of Ethnonymic Continuity in Greater Manchuria", Studia Etymologica Cracoviensia, Vol. 9, Krakow: Jagiellonian University Press, 2004, pp. 67 ff.
- Aisin Gioro Ulhicun & al. "Manchuria from the Fall of the Yuan to the Rise of the Manchu State (1368–1636)", Ritsumeikan Bungaku, No. 601, 2007, p. 12.
- Hoong Teik Toh, Materials for a Geneaology of the Niohuru Clan with Introductory Remarks on Manchu Onomastics, Aetas Manjurica, No. 10, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 2005, 28.
- Vajda, Edward. "Manchu (Jurchen)" for East Asian Studies 210: Introduction to Nomadic Cultures, Western Washington University, 2000.