juluka
Zulu
Verb
-juluka?
- (intransitive) to sweat, to perspire
- (transitive) to sweat (emit from pores)
Inflection
Tone unknown | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | ukujuluka | ||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
Infinitive | ukujuluka | ukungajuluki | |||||||
Imperative | |||||||||
Simple | + object concord | ||||||||
Singular | juluka | -juluke | |||||||
Plural | julukani | -julukeni | |||||||
Present | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyajuluka, ngijuluka | engijulukayo, engijuluka | ngijuluka | angijuluki | engingajuluki | ngingajuluki | |||
2nd singular | uyajuluka, ujuluka | ojulukayo, ojuluka | ujuluka | awujuluki | ongajuluki | ungajuluki | |||
1st plural | siyajuluka, sijuluka | esijulukayo, esijuluka | sijuluka | asijuluki | esingajuluki | singajuluki | |||
2nd plural | niyajuluka, nijuluka | enijulukayo, enijuluka | nijuluka | anijuluki | eningajuluki | ningajuluki | |||
Class 1 | uyajuluka, ujuluka | ojulukayo, ojuluka | ejuluka | akajuluki | ongajuluki | engajuluki | |||
Class 2 | bayajuluka, bajuluka | abajulukayo, abajuluka | bejuluka | abajuluki | abangajuluki | bengajuluki | |||
Class 3 | uyajuluka, ujuluka | ojulukayo, ojuluka | ujuluka | awujuluki | ongajuluki | ungajuluki | |||
Class 4 | iyajuluka, ijuluka | ejulukayo, ejuluka | ijuluka | ayijuluki | engajuluki | ingajuluki | |||
Class 5 | liyajuluka, lijuluka | elijulukayo, elijuluka | lijuluka | alijuluki | elingajuluki | lingajuluki | |||
Class 6 | ayajuluka, ajuluka | ajulukayo, ajuluka | ejuluka | awajuluki | angajuluki | engajuluki | |||
Class 7 | siyajuluka, sijuluka | esijulukayo, esijuluka | sijuluka | asijuluki | esingajuluki | singajuluki | |||
Class 8 | ziyajuluka, zijuluka | ezijulukayo, ezijuluka | zijuluka | azijuluki | ezingajuluki | zingajuluki | |||
Class 9 | iyajuluka, ijuluka | ejulukayo, ejuluka | ijuluka | ayijuluki | engajuluki | ingajuluki | |||
Class 10 | ziyajuluka, zijuluka | ezijulukayo, ezijuluka | zijuluka | azijuluki | ezingajuluki | zingajuluki | |||
Class 11 | luyajuluka, lujuluka | olujulukayo, olujuluka | lujuluka | alujuluki | olungajuluki | lungajuluki | |||
Class 14 | buyajuluka, bujuluka | obujulukayo, obujuluka | bujuluka | abujuluki | obungajuluki | bungajuluki | |||
Class 15 | kuyajuluka, kujuluka | okujulukayo, okujuluka | kujuluka | akujuluki | okungajuluki | kungajuluki | |||
Class 17 | kuyajuluka, kujuluka | okujulukayo, okujuluka | kujuluka | akujuluki | okungajuluki | kungajuluki | |||
Recent past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngijulukile, ngijulukē | engijulukile, engijulukē | ngijulukile, ngijulukē | angijulukanga | engingajulukanga | ngingajulukanga | |||
2nd singular | ujulukile, ujulukē | ojulukile, ojulukē | ujulukile, ujulukē | awujulukanga | ongajulukanga | ungajulukanga | |||
1st plural | sijulukile, sijulukē | esijulukile, esijulukē | sijulukile, sijulukē | asijulukanga | esingajulukanga | singajulukanga | |||
2nd plural | nijulukile, nijulukē | enijulukile, enijulukē | nijulukile, nijulukē | anijulukanga | eningajulukanga | ningajulukanga | |||
Class 1 | ujulukile, ujulukē | ojulukile, ojulukē | ejulukile, ejulukē | akajulukanga | ongajulukanga | engajulukanga | |||
Class 2 | bajulukile, bajulukē | abajulukile, abajulukē | bejulukile, bejulukē | abajulukanga | abangajulukanga | bengajulukanga | |||
Class 3 | ujulukile, ujulukē | ojulukile, ojulukē | ujulukile, ujulukē | awujulukanga | ongajulukanga | ungajulukanga | |||
Class 4 | ijulukile, ijulukē | ejulukile, ejulukē | ijulukile, ijulukē | ayijulukanga | engajulukanga | ingajulukanga | |||
Class 5 | lijulukile, lijulukē | elijulukile, elijulukē | lijulukile, lijulukē | alijulukanga | elingajulukanga | lingajulukanga | |||
Class 6 | ajulukile, ajulukē | ajulukile, ajulukē | ejulukile, ejulukē | awajulukanga | angajulukanga | engajulukanga | |||
Class 7 | sijulukile, sijulukē | esijulukile, esijulukē | sijulukile, sijulukē | asijulukanga | esingajulukanga | singajulukanga | |||
Class 8 | zijulukile, zijulukē | ezijulukile, ezijulukē | zijulukile, zijulukē | azijulukanga | ezingajulukanga | zingajulukanga | |||
Class 9 | ijulukile, ijulukē | ejulukile, ejulukē | ijulukile, ijulukē | ayijulukanga | engajulukanga | ingajulukanga | |||
Class 10 | zijulukile, zijulukē | ezijulukile, ezijulukē | zijulukile, zijulukē | azijulukanga | ezingajulukanga | zingajulukanga | |||
Class 11 | lujulukile, lujulukē | olujulukile, olujulukē | lujulukile, lujulukē | alujulukanga | olungajulukanga | lungajulukanga | |||
Class 14 | bujulukile, bujulukē | obujulukile, obujulukē | bujulukile, bujulukē | abujulukanga | obungajulukanga | bungajulukanga | |||
Class 15 | kujulukile, kujulukē | okujulukile, okujulukē | kujulukile, kujulukē | akujulukanga | okungajulukanga | kungajulukanga | |||
Class 17 | kujulukile, kujulukē | okujulukile, okujulukē | kujulukile, kujulukē | akujulukanga | okungajulukanga | kungajulukanga | |||
Remote past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngājuluka | engājuluka | ngājuluka | angijulukanga | engingajulukanga | ngingajulukanga | |||
2nd singular | wājuluka | owājuluka | wājuluka | awujulukanga | ongajulukanga | ungajulukanga | |||
1st plural | sājuluka | esājuluka | sājuluka | asijulukanga | esingajulukanga | singajulukanga | |||
2nd plural | nājuluka | enājuluka | nājuluka | anijulukanga | eningajulukanga | ningajulukanga | |||
Class 1 | wājuluka | owājuluka | ājuluka | akajulukanga | ongajulukanga | engajulukanga | |||
Class 2 | bājuluka | abājuluka | bājuluka | abajulukanga | abangajulukanga | bengajulukanga | |||
Class 3 | wājuluka | owājuluka | wājuluka | awujulukanga | ongajulukanga | ungajulukanga | |||
Class 4 | yājuluka | eyājuluka | yājuluka | ayijulukanga | engajulukanga | ingajulukanga | |||
Class 5 | lājuluka | elājuluka | lājuluka | alijulukanga | elingajulukanga | lingajulukanga | |||
Class 6 | ājuluka | ājuluka | ājuluka | awajulukanga | angajulukanga | engajulukanga | |||
Class 7 | sājuluka | esājuluka | sājuluka | asijulukanga | esingajulukanga | singajulukanga | |||
Class 8 | zājuluka | ezājuluka | zājuluka | azijulukanga | ezingajulukanga | zingajulukanga | |||
Class 9 | yājuluka | eyājuluka | yājuluka | ayijulukanga | engajulukanga | ingajulukanga | |||
Class 10 | zājuluka | ezājuluka | zājuluka | azijulukanga | ezingajulukanga | zingajulukanga | |||
Class 11 | lwājuluka | olwājuluka | lwājuluka | alujulukanga | olungajulukanga | lungajulukanga | |||
Class 14 | bājuluka | obājuluka | bājuluka | abujulukanga | obungajulukanga | bungajulukanga | |||
Class 15 | kwājuluka | okwājuluka | kwājuluka | akujulukanga | okungajulukanga | kungajulukanga | |||
Class 17 | kwājuluka | okwājuluka | kwājuluka | akujulukanga | okungajulukanga | kungajulukanga | |||
Potential | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngingajuluka | — | ngingajuluka | ngingejuluke | — | ngingejuluke | |||
2nd singular | ungajuluka | — | ungajuluka | ungejuluke | — | ungejuluke | |||
1st plural | singajuluka | — | singajuluka | singejuluke | — | singejuluke | |||
2nd plural | ningajuluka | — | ningajuluka | ningejuluke | — | ningejuluke | |||
Class 1 | angajuluka | — | engajuluka | angejuluke | — | engejuluke | |||
Class 2 | bangajuluka | — | bengajuluka | bangejuluke | — | bengejuluke | |||
Class 3 | ungajuluka | — | ungajuluka | ungejuluke | — | ungejuluke | |||
Class 4 | ingajuluka | — | ingajuluka | ingejuluke | — | ingejuluke | |||
Class 5 | lingajuluka | — | lingajuluka | lingejuluke | — | lingejuluke | |||
Class 6 | angajuluka | — | engajuluka | angejuluke | — | engejuluke | |||
Class 7 | singajuluka | — | singajuluka | singejuluke | — | singejuluke | |||
Class 8 | zingajuluka | — | zingajuluka | zingejuluke | — | zingejuluke | |||
Class 9 | ingajuluka | — | ingajuluka | ingejuluke | — | ingejuluke | |||
Class 10 | zingajuluka | — | zingajuluka | zingejuluke | — | zingejuluke | |||
Class 11 | lungajuluka | — | lungajuluka | lungejuluke | — | lungejuluke | |||
Class 14 | bungajuluka | — | bungajuluka | bungejuluke | — | bungejuluke | |||
Class 15 | kungajuluka | — | kungajuluka | kungejuluke | — | kungejuluke | |||
Class 17 | kungajuluka | — | kungajuluka | kungejuluke | — | kungejuluke | |||
Immediate future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngizojuluka | engizojuluka | ngizojuluka | angizujuluka | engingezujuluka | ngingezujuluka | |||
2nd singular | uzojuluka | ozojuluka | uzojuluka | awuzujuluka | ongezujuluka | ungezujuluka | |||
1st plural | sizojuluka | esizojuluka | sizojuluka | asizujuluka | esingezujuluka | singezujuluka | |||
2nd plural | nizojuluka | enizojuluka | nizojuluka | anizujuluka | eningezujuluka | ningezujuluka | |||
Class 1 | uzojuluka | ozojuluka | ezojuluka | akazujuluka | ongezujuluka | engezujuluka | |||
Class 2 | bazojuluka | abazojuluka | bezojuluka | abazujuluka | abangezujuluka | bengezujuluka | |||
Class 3 | uzojuluka | ozojuluka | uzojuluka | awuzujuluka | ongezujuluka | ungezujuluka | |||
Class 4 | izojuluka | ezojuluka | izojuluka | ayizujuluka | engezujuluka | ingezujuluka | |||
Class 5 | lizojuluka | elizojuluka | lizojuluka | alizujuluka | elingezujuluka | lingezujuluka | |||
Class 6 | azojuluka | azojuluka | ezojuluka | awazujuluka | angezujuluka | engezujuluka | |||
Class 7 | sizojuluka | esizojuluka | sizojuluka | asizujuluka | esingezujuluka | singezujuluka | |||
Class 8 | zizojuluka | ezizojuluka | zizojuluka | azizujuluka | ezingezujuluka | zingezujuluka | |||
Class 9 | izojuluka | ezojuluka | izojuluka | ayizujuluka | engezujuluka | ingezujuluka | |||
Class 10 | zizojuluka | ezizojuluka | zizojuluka | azizujuluka | ezingezujuluka | zingezujuluka | |||
Class 11 | luzojuluka | oluzojuluka | luzojuluka | aluzujuluka | olungezujuluka | lungezujuluka | |||
Class 14 | buzojuluka | obuzojuluka | buzojuluka | abuzujuluka | obungezujuluka | bungezujuluka | |||
Class 15 | kuzojuluka | okuzojuluka | kuzojuluka | akuzujuluka | okungezujuluka | kungezujuluka | |||
Class 17 | kuzojuluka | okuzojuluka | kuzojuluka | akuzujuluka | okungezujuluka | kungezujuluka | |||
Remote future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyojuluka | engiyojuluka | ngiyojuluka | angiyujuluka | engingeyujuluka | ngingeyujuluka | |||
2nd singular | uyojuluka | oyojuluka | uyojuluka | awuyujuluka | ongeyujuluka | ungeyujuluka | |||
1st plural | siyojuluka | esiyojuluka | siyojuluka | asiyujuluka | esingeyujuluka | singeyujuluka | |||
2nd plural | niyojuluka | eniyojuluka | niyojuluka | aniyujuluka | eningeyujuluka | ningeyujuluka | |||
Class 1 | uyojuluka | oyojuluka | eyojuluka | akayujuluka | ongeyujuluka | engeyujuluka | |||
Class 2 | bayojuluka | abayojuluka | beyojuluka | abayujuluka | abangeyujuluka | bengeyujuluka | |||
Class 3 | uyojuluka | oyojuluka | uyojuluka | awuyujuluka | ongeyujuluka | ungeyujuluka | |||
Class 4 | iyojuluka | eyojuluka | iyojuluka | ayiyujuluka | engeyujuluka | ingeyujuluka | |||
Class 5 | liyojuluka | eliyojuluka | liyojuluka | aliyujuluka | elingeyujuluka | lingeyujuluka | |||
Class 6 | ayojuluka | ayojuluka | eyojuluka | awayujuluka | angeyujuluka | engeyujuluka | |||
Class 7 | siyojuluka | esiyojuluka | siyojuluka | asiyujuluka | esingeyujuluka | singeyujuluka | |||
Class 8 | ziyojuluka | eziyojuluka | ziyojuluka | aziyujuluka | ezingeyujuluka | zingeyujuluka | |||
Class 9 | iyojuluka | eyojuluka | iyojuluka | ayiyujuluka | engeyujuluka | ingeyujuluka | |||
Class 10 | ziyojuluka | eziyojuluka | ziyojuluka | aziyujuluka | ezingeyujuluka | zingeyujuluka | |||
Class 11 | luyojuluka | oluyojuluka | luyojuluka | aluyujuluka | olungeyujuluka | lungeyujuluka | |||
Class 14 | buyojuluka | obuyojuluka | buyojuluka | abuyujuluka | obungeyujuluka | bungeyujuluka | |||
Class 15 | kuyojuluka | okuyojuluka | kuyojuluka | akuyujuluka | okungeyujuluka | kungeyujuluka | |||
Class 17 | kuyojuluka | okuyojuluka | kuyojuluka | akuyujuluka | okungeyujuluka | kungeyujuluka | |||
Present subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngijuluke | ngingajuluki | |||||||
2nd singular | ujuluke | ungajuluki | |||||||
1st plural | sijuluke | singajuluki | |||||||
2nd plural | nijuluke | ningajuluki | |||||||
Class 1 | ajuluke | angajuluki | |||||||
Class 2 | bajuluke | bangajuluki | |||||||
Class 3 | ujuluke | ungajuluki | |||||||
Class 4 | ijuluke | ingajuluki | |||||||
Class 5 | lijuluke | lingajuluki | |||||||
Class 6 | ajuluke | angajuluki | |||||||
Class 7 | sijuluke | singajuluki | |||||||
Class 8 | zijuluke | zingajuluki | |||||||
Class 9 | ijuluke | ingajuluki | |||||||
Class 10 | zijuluke | zingajuluki | |||||||
Class 11 | lujuluke | lungajuluki | |||||||
Class 14 | bujuluke | bungajuluki | |||||||
Class 15 | kujuluke | kungajuluki | |||||||
Class 17 | kujuluke | kungajuluki | |||||||
Past subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngajuluka | ngangajuluka, angajuluka, angangajuluka | |||||||
2nd singular | wajuluka | wangajuluka, awajuluka, awangajuluka | |||||||
1st plural | sajuluka | sangajuluka, asajuluka, asangajuluka | |||||||
2nd plural | najuluka | nangajuluka, anajuluka, anangajuluka | |||||||
Class 1 | wajuluka | wangajuluka, akajuluka, akangajuluka | |||||||
Class 2 | bajuluka | bangajuluka, abajuluka, abangajuluka | |||||||
Class 3 | wajuluka | wangajuluka, awajuluka, awangajuluka | |||||||
Class 4 | yajuluka | yangajuluka, ayajuluka, ayangajuluka | |||||||
Class 5 | lajuluka | langajuluka, alajuluka, alangajuluka | |||||||
Class 6 | ajuluka | angajuluka, awajuluka, awangajuluka | |||||||
Class 7 | sajuluka | sangajuluka, asajuluka, asangajuluka | |||||||
Class 8 | zajuluka | zangajuluka, azajuluka, azangajuluka | |||||||
Class 9 | yajuluka | yangajuluka, ayajuluka, ayangajuluka | |||||||
Class 10 | zajuluka | zangajuluka, azajuluka, azangajuluka | |||||||
Class 11 | lwajuluka | lwangajuluka, alwajuluka, alwangajuluka | |||||||
Class 14 | bajuluka | bangajuluka, abajuluka, abangajuluka | |||||||
Class 15 | kwajuluka | kwangajuluka, akwajuluka, akwangajuluka | |||||||
Class 17 | kwajuluka | kwangajuluka, akwajuluka, akwangajuluka |
References
- C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “juluka”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “juluka (3.2.9)”