jtn

jtn

Egyptian

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /itɛn/
  • Conventional anglicization: aten

Proper noun

 m

1. the Aten; the disc of the sun
   • c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) lines 19–20:

     šnwt n(j) jṯn ẖr sḫrw.f mḥ(y)t jtr(w) nwy ḫt n(j) ꜥnḫ rnp(w)t nbt

     What the sun disk encircles is under his directions, the north wind, the river, and water, grain and all fresh plants.

Derived terms

• ꜣḫ-n-jtn
• ꜣḫt-jtn
• mryt-jtn
• nfr-nfrw-jtn
• twt-ꜥnḫ-jtn

 

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /itɛn/
  • Conventional anglicization: iten

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (transitive) to set oneself against, to oppose
2. (transitive) to contradict

Inflection

Conjugation of jtn (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: jtn, geminated stem: jtnn

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
jtn	jtnw, jtn	jtnt	jtn	jtn

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
jtn	ḥr jtn	m jtn	r jtn

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	jtn.n	jtnw, jtn	consecutive	jtn.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	jtnt
perfective3	jtn	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative	jtn.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	jtn	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	jtn	jtnn	potentialis	jtn.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	jtn	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	jtn.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	jtn	active + .tj1, .tw2	jtn	jtn, jtnw5, jtny5
imperfective	jtn, jtny, jtnw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	jtn, jtnj6, jtny6	jtn, jtnw5
prospective	jtn, jtntj7	—	jtntj4, jtnt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

References

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 457.