jrj

Egyptian

Pronunciation

Verb:

(reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈjiːɾit/ → /ˈjiːɾiʔ/ → /ˈʔiːɾaʔ/ → /ˈʔiːɾə/

(modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /iri/
- Conventional anglicization: iri

Verb

3ae inf.

(transitive) to do, to act (+ r: against (someone); + n: for; + ḥnꜥ: with)
- c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 20–21:
  
  jr r.k m ḫrt-jb.k swrd pw ḏd n.k
  Well, do whatever you want (literally, “as your desire”).[1] It’s tiring to talk to you.
- c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) line 2.2:
  
  nj rḫ.n.tw ḫprt jrrt nṯr ḫft ḫsf.f
  One cannot know what might come to be or what the god might do when he punishes.
- c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) line 22:
  
  jr ḏwt r šd-ḫrw wd qn zp.f spr(.w) r.f
  Evil has been done to the Disturber (Set), he who committed violence; his misdeed has caught up with him.
(transitive) to make (+ r: for (a place))
- c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) lines 14–15:
  
  ꜣst ꜣḫt nḏt sn.s ḥḥt sw jwtt b(ꜣ)gg.s pẖrt tꜣ pn m ḥꜣyt nj ḫn.n.s nj gm.tw.s sw jrt šwt m šwwt.s sḫprt ṯꜣw m ḏnḥwj.s jrt hnw mjnt sn.s
  capable Isis who saved her brother, who sought him without wearying, who circled this land in mourning, not alighting so long as he was not found, who made shade with her feathers, who brought about breath with her wings, who made acclamation, a mooring-post for her brother
- c. 1401 BCE, Amduat of Amenhotep II (tomb of Amenhotep II, KV35) First Hour, closing text, lines 1–2:
  
  st n.j jrw.n.j sšm wj ḫprw m ḥꜥw.j
  Illuminate for me, those whom I made! Lead me, those who came into being through my flesh!
(transitive) to acquire
(transitive) to beget (children)
- c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) lines 16–17:
  
  sṯzt nnw n(j) wrd(w)-jb ḫnpt mw.f jrt jwꜥw šdt nḫn m wꜥꜥw nj rḫ bw.f jm bst sw ꜥ.f nḫtw m ẖnw wsḫt gbb
  who raised the limpness of the weary-hearted, who took in his water (semen), who made an heir, who suckled the child in solitude where his location was unknown, who introduced him when his arm grew strong into the hall of Geb.
(transitive) to pass (time), to spend (time)
- c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 41–45:
  
  jr.n.j ḫmtw hrw wꜥ.kw jb.j m snnw.j sḏr.kw m ẖnw n(j) kꜣp n(j) ḫt qnj.n.j šwyt
  I spent three days alone, my heart my only companion (literally, “my second”), lying inside a shelter of wood, having embraced the shadows.
(transitive) to act as (a function)
- c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 183–184:
  
  ꜥḥꜥ.n ḏd.f n.j m jr(w) jqr ḫnms
  Then he said to me, Don’t act so high-minded (literally, “Don’t act the excellent one”), friend.
- c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) lines 13–14:
  
  jr.n snt.f mkt.f sḥr{y}t ḫrww sḥmt zpw šd-ḫrw m ꜣḫw r(ꜣ).s
  His sister has served as his protector, she who drove off the enemies, who put an end to the deeds of the Disturber (Set) by the magical prowess of her mouth
(transitive) to cultivate (plants), to work (fields)
- c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 49–50:
  
  kꜣw jm ḥnꜥ nq(ꜥ)wt sšpt mj jr.t(w).s
  Unripe sycamore figs were there along with ripe ones, and muskmelons as if cultivated.
(Late Egyptian, transitive, with prefixed j. and following infinitive) forms the imperfective active participle
(Late Egyptian, transitive, with prefixed j. and following infinitive) forms the perfective active and passive participles, initially of verbs with four or more radicals, but after the New Kingdom increasingly of other verbs as well

Inflection

Conjugation of jrj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: jr, geminated stem: jrr

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
jrt, jrj	jrw, jr	jrt, jrwt, jryt	jr	jr, jry

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
jr⁸, jrr⁸	ḥr jrt, ḥr jrj	m jrt, m jrj	r jrt, r jrj

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
aspect / mood	active	passive	aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	jr.n	jrw, jr, jry	consecutive	jr.jn	active + .tj¹, .tw²
perfect	jr.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²
terminative	jrt, jryt
perfective³	jr	active + .tj¹, .tw²	obligative¹	jr.ḫr	active + .tj¹, .tw²
imperfective	jr, jry	active + .tj¹, .tw²	obligative¹	jr.ḫr	active + .tj¹, .tw²
prospective³	jrw, jr, jry	jrw, jr, jry	potentialis¹	jr.kꜣ	active + .tj¹, .tw²
prospective³	jrw, jr, jry	active + .tj¹, .tw²
subjunctive	jr, jry	active + .tj¹, .tw²

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
aspect / mood	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	jr.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²	—	—
perfective	jrw¹, jry, jr	active + .tj¹, .tw²	jr	jry, jr
imperfective	jrr, jrry, jrrw⁵	active + .tj¹, .tw²	jrr, jrrj⁶, jrry⁶	jrr, jrrw⁵
prospective	jrw¹, jry, jr, jrtj⁷	—	jrwtj^{1 4}, jrtj⁴, jrt⁴
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine. Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

Derived terms

jrj ꜣbw
jrj ꜣ r gs
jrj ꜣt
jrj ḥrrt
jrj ḫprw
jrw
m-jr
m-jr-djt

Descendants

Demotic: jr(y)
- Bohairic Coptic: ⲓⲣⲓ (iri)
- Fayyumic Coptic: ⲓⲗⲓ (ili)
- Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲓⲣⲉ (ire)
- Sahidic Coptic: ⲉⲓⲣⲉ (eire)

Etymology 2

r (“regarding, with respect to”) +‎ -j (“adverbializing suffix”).

Adverb

regarding it, with respect to it, concerning it, thereto
- c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 21–23:
  
  sḏd.j r.f n.k mjtt jrj ḫpr(.w) m-ꜥ.j ḏs.j
  Even so, let me recount to you something similar to this that happened to me myself.
(after a preposition) Forms prepositional adverbs from certain prepositions.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jrj

jr

Derived terms

mm jrj
nfrt-jrj
ḫft jrj

Etymology 3

From r (“regarding, with respect to”) +‎ -j (“nisba ending”). The noun is simply a nominalized use of the nisba adjective.

Adjective

pertaining to, relating to, belonging to

Inflection

Declension of jrj (nisba adjective)

	masculine	feminine
singular	jrj	jrt
dual	jrjwj, jrwj	jrtj
plural	jrjw, jrw	jrwt¹, jrt²
Archaic in Middle Egyptian when modifying a noun. From Middle Egyptian, this feminine singular form was generally used for the plural. In Late Egyptian, the masculine singular form was used with all nouns.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jrj

jr

jrj

Noun

m

one pertaining to
keeper, guardian
duty

Inflection

Declension of jrj (masculine)

singular	jrj
dual	jrjwj
plural	jrjw

Derived terms

jrj-ꜥꜣ
jrj-ꜥt
jrj-pꜥt
jrj-pḏt
jrj-nfr-ḥꜣt

Descendants

Bohairic Coptic: ⲏⲣ (ēr)
Old Coptic: ⲣⲉⲓ (rei)

References

James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, 95, 456 page 91, 95, 456.
Junge, Friedrich (2005) Late Egyptian Grammar: An Introduction, second English edition, Oxford: Griffith Institute, page 66
Selden, Daniel L (2013) Hieroglyphic Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Literature of the Middle Kingdom, first edition, Berkley: University of California Press, →ISBN, page 74, 79, 225, 301, 337, 341, 342, 344, 351

The beginning can alternatively be read as an imperfective emphatic jrr.k ‘You do …’.

[1] The beginning can alternatively be read as an imperfective emphatic jrr.k ‘You do …’.