journal

journal

See also: Journal

English

Alternative forms

• journall (obsolete)

Etymology 1

From Middle English journal, from Anglo-Norman jurnal (“daily”), from Old French jornel (“day”) (French journal),[1] from Latin diurnālis, from diurnus (“of the day”), from diēs (“day”) (whence also diary), from *djous, from Proto-Indo-European *dyḗws (“heaven, sky”). Doublet of diurnal and the journal from French. The sound change from Latin to French (‘diur’ to ‘jor’) is due to the ‘i’ changing to a ‘j’, followed by the ‘d’ being dropped; compare French jour (“day”).[1][2]

Pronunciation

• (General American) enPR: jûrʹnəl, IPA^(key): /ˈd͡ʒɝnəl/
• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈd͡ʒɜːnəl/

• Audio (Southern England)

  (file)

• Audio (CA)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)nəl
• Hyphenation: jour‧nal

Noun

journal (plural journals)

1. A diary or daily record of a person, organization, vessel etc.; daybook.
2. A newspaper or magazine dealing with a particular subject.

   The university's biology department subscribes to half a dozen academic journals.

3. (accounting) A chronological record of payments or receipts.
4. (accounting) A general journal.
5. (computing) A chronological record of changes made to a database or other system; along with a backup or image copy that allows recovery after a failure or reinstatement to a previous time; a log.
6. (engineering) The part of a shaft or axle that rests on bearings.

Usage notes

In the sense “daily record”, diary and journal are often used interchangeably. When usage is distinguished, diary refers more strictly to a personal daily record, while journal is used more loosely, for example for less frequent, thematic personal writing.[3]

Synonyms

• (daily record): daybook, diary

Derived terms

• e-journal
• item journal
• journalise, journalize
• journalism
• journalist
• megajournal
• predatory journal
• purchase journal
• sale journal
• transaction journal

 

Translations

diary or daily record

Afrikaans: dagboek (af), joernaal (af) Armenian: մատյան (hy) (matyan) Belarusian: дзённік m (dzjónnik), журна́л m (žurnál) Bulgarian: дне́вник (bg) m (dnévnik) Catalan: diari (ca) m Chinese: Mandarin: 日誌／日志 (zh) (rìzhì) Czech: deník (cs) m Dutch: log (nl) n, logboek (nl) n Esperanto: taglibro Finnish: päiväkirja (fi) (person), diaari (fi) (office correspondence), loki (fi), lokikirja (fi) (vessel), päivyri (fi) French: journal (fr) m Georgian: დღიური (dɣiuri), ჟურნალი (žurnali) German: Tagebuch (de) n, Logbuch (de) n (ship), Protokoll (de) n, Memorial n Greek: ημερολόγιο (el) n (imerológio), αρχείο (el) n (archeío) Ancient: ἐφημερίς f (ephēmerís) Hebrew: יומן‎ (he) m (yomán) Hindi: please add this translation if you can Hungarian: napló (hu) Indonesian: jurnal (id) Irish: dialann f Italian: diario (it), registro (it) Japanese: 日記 (ja) (にっき, nikki), 日誌 (にっし, nisshi) Latin: commentārius (la) m, ephemeris f Macedonian: дневник m (dnevnik) Malay: jurnal Manx: laa-lioar m Maori: tuhitaka Norwegian: dagbok (no) m or f Ottoman Turkish: روزنامه‎ (ruzname) Polish: dziennik (pl) m, diariusz (pl) m Portuguese: diário (pt) m, registro (pt) m, registo (pt) m Russian: дневни́к (ru) m (dnevník) (person), судово́й журна́л m (sudovój žurnál) (ship), (ва́хтенный OR судово́й) журна́л (ru) m (žurnál) Scottish Gaelic: leabhar-latha m Slovak: denník m Slovene: dnevnik (sl) m Spanish: bitácora (es) f Swedish: dagbok (sv) c, journal (sv) c Thai: อนุทิน (th) (à-nú-tin) Turkish: günlük (tr), günce (tr) (literary), jurnal (tr) Ukrainian: щоде́нник (uk) m (ščodénnyk), журна́л (uk) m (žurnál) Vietnamese: nhật ký (vi), nhật trình (vi) Welsh: dyddlyfr m Yiddish: טאָג־בוך‎ f (tog-bukh)

newspaper or magazine

Armenian: ամսագիր (hy) (amsagir), հանդես (hy) (handes) Belarusian: журна́л m (žurnál), часо́піс (be) m (časópis) Bulgarian: всекидне́вник (bg) m (vsekidnévnik), журн́ал (bg) m (žurńal) Catalan: diari (ca) m, gaseta (ca) f Chinese: Mandarin: 報刊／报刊 (zh) (bàokān) Danish: tidsskrift (da) n Esperanto: ĵurnalo (eo), gazeto Finnish: erikoisaikakauslehti, tiedejulkaisu (fi), kausijulkaisu French: journal (fr), revue (fr) f Georgian: ჟურნალი (žurnali), გაზეთი (gazeti) German: Zeitschrift (de) f, Journal (de) n, Anzeiger m, Fachzeitschrift (de) f, Revue (de) f, Magazin (de) n, Zeitung (de) f, Tageszeitung (de) f, -blatt n, Tageblatt (de) n Greek: εφημερίδα (el) f (efimerída), περιοδικό (el) n (periodikó) Hungarian: folyóirat (hu) Irish: nuachtán (ga) m Italian: rivista (it) f, giornale (it) m Lao: ວາລະສານ (lo) (wā la sān) Latin: ephemeris f Malay: jurnal, makalah Norwegian: tidsskrift (no) n Bokmål: tidsskrift (no) n Ottoman Turkish: روزنامه‎ (ruzname) Persian: ژورنال‎ (fa) (žurnâl) Plautdietsch: Zeitunk f Portuguese: periódico (pt) m Romanian: ziar (ro) Russian: журна́л (ru) m (žurnál) (magazine), газе́та (ru) f (gazéta) (newspaper) Slovak: denník m Slovene: revija (sl) f Sorbian: Lower Sorbian: žurnal m Swahili: jarida (sw) Swedish: tidskrift (sv) c Thai: วารสาร (th) (waa-rá-sǎan) Turkish: dergi (tr), günce (tr), jurnal (tr), mecmua (tr) Ukrainian: журна́л (uk) m (žurnál) Urdu: جریدہ‎ (jarida) Vietnamese: nhật báo (vi), nhật trình (vi) (dated) Welsh: newyddiadur m Yiddish: זשורנאַל‎ m (zhurnal)

accounting: chronological record of payments

Finnish: päiväkirja (fi), kladi German: Grundbuch (de) n, Tagebuch (de) n, Journal (de) n Ottoman Turkish: روزنامه‎ (ruzname) Swedish: dagbok (sv) c, journal (sv) c

computing: chronological record of changes

Finnish: loki (fi) French: historique (fr) m, journal (fr) m, registre (fr) m Hungarian: napló (hu) Irish: dialann f Japanese: ジャーナル (jānaru) Korean: 저널 (jeoneol) Latin: ephemeris f Polish: log (pl) m, dziennik (pl) m, rejestr zdarzeń m Portuguese: registro (pt) m Russian: журна́л (ru) m (žurnál)

engineering: part of a shaft or axle that rests on bearings

Bulgarian: шийка на вал f (šijka na val) Finnish: akselintappi German: Zapfen (de) m, Lagerzapfen m, Achsstummel m, Achszapfen m, Wellenstummel m, Achsschenkel m, Drehzapfen m, Kurbelzapfen m Greek: έδρανο άξονα n (édrano áxona) Italian: perno d'albero m Latin: ephemeris f Portuguese: munhão m Russian: ца́пфа (ru) f (cápfa), шпи́ндель (ru) m (špíndelʹ) Slovene: tečaj (sl) m Spanish: gorrón (es) m, muñón (es) m Swedish: axeltapp c

Verb

journal (third-person singular simple present journals, present participle journaling or journalling, simple past and past participle journaled or journalled)

1. To archive or record something.
2. To scrapbook.
3. To insert (a shaft, etc.) in a journal bearing.

Adjective

journal (not comparable)

1. (obsolete) Daily.
   • 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book I, Canto XI”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, OCLC 960102938, page 163:

     […] his faint ſteedes watred in Ocean deepe, / Whiles from their iournall labours they did reſt […].

Related terms

• diary
• diurnal
• Jupiter

Etymology 2

From French journal. Doublet of diurnal and the journal from Middle English.

Noun

journal (plural journaux)

1. The amount of land that can be worked in a day.
   • 1781, “Dictionaire Historique et Géographique de la Province de Bretagne; dédié à la Nation Bretonne; par M. Ogée, Ingenieur-Géographe de cette Province. […]”, in The Critical Review: or, Annals of Literature, volume the fifty-first, London: […] A. Hamilton, […], “Foreign Articles”, pages 465–466:

     Yet the whole extent of cultured country, or all the fields actually cultivated for the ſupport of the inhabitants, will hardly exceed two millions of journaux (or day’s work); above three millions lie entirely waſte; and 850,000 journaux are covered with ſand.

   • 1836, Report, Commonwealth Shipping Committee, page 46:

     The extent of these “Métairies” varies according to the number of the family of the métayer, and the nature of the soil, from 65 journaux (52 statute acres) to 30 journaux (24 acres), for the métayer generally endeavours to cultivate the land he holds, without the help of hired servants or labourers. Average land producing rye ought to be worth to the métayer 7 francs (5 s. 7 d.) per journaux (four-fifths of an acre); that producing wheat 25 francs (1 l.) per acre. The only land farmed is meadow land, situated in the lower part of Médoc, called “Bas Médoc,” and a part of the district of Blaye, which is let, at an average, 80 francs (3 l. 4 s.) the journaux (four-fifths of an acre). […] The best wheat land gives 10 hectolitres per journaux, that is, three quarters and four-sevenths per four-fifths of an acre. The worst three hectolitres (1 quarter per four-fifths of an acre,) or one journal. Rye gives six hectolitres per journaux (2 quarters per four-fifths of an acre). Oats sometimes 25 hectolitres per journaux (8 quarters and 13-14ths, per four-fifths of an acre).

   • 1855, “Brick and Marble in the Middle Ages: Notes of a Tour in the North of Italy. By George Edmund Street, […].”, in The Civil Engineer and Architect’s Journal, Incorporated with The Architect, volume XVIII, London: R. Groombridge and Sons, […], “Reviews”, page 343, column 2:

     ‘The surface of the downs, which form the landes of Bordeaux,’ says he, ‘being equal to 337,000 Bordeaux journaux, of 840 square toises, the amount required to fix the whole of these downs would be 8,000,000 livres. Now, a journal (0·33 hectares) of sand planted with pines, gives an annual return of 15 livres, that of 337,000 journaux would therefore be of 5,055,000 livres.

   • 1899, Charles Cocks, Bordeaux and Its Wines Classed by Order of Merit, 3rd English edition, Feret & Fils, […]; Libraires Associes, […], translation of original by Edouard Feret […], page 704:

     This estate consists of 33 hectares, 12 of which (i. e., about 43 journaux) are devoted to the vine.

References

1. Douglas Harper (2001–2023), “journal”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.
2. Brachet, Auguste (1873), G. W. Kitchin, transl., An etymological dictionary of the French language, Oxford, page 206
3. “What’s the difference between “diary” and “journal”?”, in English Language & Usage‎, 2012-06-10

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French

Etymology

From Old French journal (“daily”), from Latin diurnālis, from diurnus (“of the day”), from diēs (“day”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʒuʁ.nal/

• audio

  (file)

Adjective

journal (feminine journale, masculine plural journaux, feminine plural journales)

1. That is relative to each day; journal

Noun

journal m (plural journaux)

1. diary, journal
2. newspaper

   Hyponym: feuille de chou

3. periodical
4. newsbreak

   Tu as regardé le journal ? ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

5. (computing) log

Derived terms

• crieur de journaux
• journal de bord
• journal de classe
• journaleux
• journal intime
• journalisme
• journaliste
• journal télévisé

 

Descendants

• Haitian Creole: jounal
• Mauritian Creole: zournal

Borrowings

• → Afrikaans: joernaal
• → Belarusian: журнал (žurnal)
• → Bulgarian: журнал (žurnal)
• → Czech: žurnál
• → Dutch: journaal
• → Egyptian Arabic: جورنال‎ (gōrnāl)
• → English: journal
• → Esperanto: ĵurnalo
  • Ido: jurnalo
• → Indonesian: jurnal
• → German: Journal
  • → Estonian: žurnaal
• → Ladino: jurnal / ז׳ורנאל‎
• → Latvian: žurnāls
• → Lower Sorbian: žurnal
• → Maltese: ġurnal
• → Malay: jurnal
• → Ottoman Turkish: ژورنال‎ (jurnal)
  • Turkish: jurnal
• → Pashto: ژورنال‎ (žurnãl)
• → Persian: ژورنال‎ (žurnâl)
• → Polish: żurnal
• → Portuguese: jornal
  • → Hunsrik: Schurnall
• → Romanian: jurnal
• → Russian: журна́л (žurnál) (see there for further descendants)
• → Slovak: žurnál
• → Swedish: journal
• → Ukrainian: журнал (žurnal)
• → West Frisian: sjoernaal
• → Yiddish: זשורנאַל‎ (zhurnal)

Further reading

• “journal”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

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Old French

Alternative forms

• jornal, jornel, journel, jurnel

Etymology

From Latin diurnālis, from diurnus (“of the day”), from diēs (“day”).

Adjective

journal m (oblique and nominative feminine singular journale)

1. daily

Descendants

• French: journal (see there for further descendants)
• Anglo-Norman: jurnal
  • → Middle English: journal
    • English: journal
    • Scots: jurnal

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Swedish

Etymology

Borrowed from French journal.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɧʊˈɳɑːl/

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

journal c

1. a journal, a magazine, a periodical

Declension

Declension of journal
	Singular		Plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	journal	journalen	journaler	journalerna
Genitive	journals	journalens	journalers	journalernas

Related terms

• patientjournal
• sjukhusjournal
• sjukjournal

 

References

• journal in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)