joindre
French
Etymology
From Old French joindre, from Latin iungere, present active infinitive of iungō (“join”), from Proto-Italic *jungō, from Proto-Indo-European *yunégti ~ *yungénti, from the root *yewg-.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʒwɛ̃dʁ/
Audio (France, Paris) (file) - Hyphenation: joindre
- Rhymes: -wɛ̃dʁ
Verb
joindre
- to join
- to join up
Conjugation
This verb is conjugated like peindre. It uses the same endings as rendre or vendre, but its -nd- becomes -gn- before a vowel, and its past participle ends in 't' instead of a vowel.
infinitive | simple | joindre | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | joignant /ʒwa.ɲɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | joint /ʒwɛ̃/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) | present | joins /ʒwɛ̃/ | joins /ʒwɛ̃/ | joint /ʒwɛ̃/ | joignons /ʒwa.ɲɔ̃/ | joignez /ʒwa.ɲe/ | joignent /ʒwaɲ/ |
imperfect | joignais /ʒwa.ɲɛ/ | joignais /ʒwa.ɲɛ/ | joignait /ʒwa.ɲɛ/ | joignions /ʒwa.ɲjɔ̃/ | joigniez /ʒwa.ɲje/ | joignaient /ʒwa.ɲɛ/ | |
past historic2 | joignis /ʒwa.ɲi/ | joignis /ʒwa.ɲi/ | joignit /ʒwa.ɲi/ | joignîmes /ʒwa.ɲim/ | joignîtes /ʒwa.ɲit/ | joignirent /ʒwa.ɲiʁ/ | |
future | joindrai /ʒwɛ̃.dʁe/ | joindras /ʒwɛ̃.dʁa/ | joindra /ʒwɛ̃.dʁa/ | joindrons /ʒwɛ̃.dʁɔ̃/ | joindrez /ʒwɛ̃.dʁe/ | joindront /ʒwɛ̃.dʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | joindrais /ʒwɛ̃.dʁɛ/ | joindrais /ʒwɛ̃.dʁɛ/ | joindrait /ʒwɛ̃.dʁɛ/ | joindrions /ʒwɛ̃.dʁi.jɔ̃/ | joindriez /ʒwɛ̃.dʁi.je/ | joindraient /ʒwɛ̃.dʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) | present | joigne /ʒwaɲ/ | joignes /ʒwaɲ/ | joigne /ʒwaɲ/ | joignions /ʒwa.ɲjɔ̃/ | joigniez /ʒwa.ɲje/ | joignent /ʒwaɲ/ |
imperfect2 | joignisse /ʒwa.ɲis/ | joignisses /ʒwa.ɲis/ | joignît /ʒwa.ɲi/ | joignissions /ʒwa.ɲi.sjɔ̃/ | joignissiez /ʒwa.ɲi.sje/ | joignissent /ʒwa.ɲis/ | |
(compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | joins /ʒwɛ̃/ | — | joignons /ʒwa.ɲɔ̃/ | joignez /ʒwa.ɲe/ | — | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Derived terms
- à pieds joints
- adjoindre
- disjoindre
- joindre l'utile à l'agréable
- joindre le geste à la parole
- joindre les deux bouts
- joint
- jointer
- jointure
- pièce jointe
- rejoindre
Further reading
- “joindre”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Norman
Etymology
From Old French joindre, from Latin iungō, iungere (“join, yoke”), from Proto-Indo-European *yewg- (“to join, unite”).
Verb
joindre
- (Jersey) to join
Old French
Etymology
From Latin iungere, present active infinitive of iungō (“join”).
Verb
joindre
- to meet up with; to go and see
- to join; to join onto
- circa 1180,, Chrétien de Troyes, Lancelot ou le Chevalier de la charrette:
- La ou l’espaule au col se joint
- At the point where the shoulder joins onto the neck
-
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a third-group verb. This verb ends in a palatal stem, so there is an extra i before the e of some endings. This verb has irregularities in its conjugation. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | joindre | avoir joint | |||||
gerund | en joignant | Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
present participle | joignant | ||||||
past participle | joint | ||||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
simple tenses | present | joing | joinz | joint | joignons | joigniez | joignent |
imperfect | joignoie, joigneie | joignoies, joigneies | joignoit, joigneit | joigniiens, joigniens | joigniiez, joigniez | joignoient, joigneient | |
preterite | joins | joinsis | joinst | joinsimes | joinsistes | joinstrent | |
future | joindrai | joindras | joindra | joindrons | joindroiz, joindreiz, joindrez | joindront | |
conditional | joindroie, joindreie | joindroies, joindreies | joindroit, joindreit | joindriiens, joindriens | joindriiez, joindriez | joindroient, joindreient | |
compound tenses | present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
past anterior | Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
simple tenses | present | joigne | joignes | joigne | joigniens, joignons | joigniez | joignent |
imperfect | joinsisse | joinsisses | joinsist | joinsissons, joinsissiens | joinsissoiz, joinsissez, joinsissiez | joinsissent | |
compound tenses | past | Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
pluperfect | Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
— | joing | — | joignons | joigniez | — |
Descendants
- Middle English: joinen
- English: join
- French: joindre