jihad

jihad

English

Alternative forms

• jehad

Etymology

From Arabic جِهَاد‎ (jihād, “struggle; effort”).

Pronunciation

• enPR: jĭ-hăd', jĭ-häd', IPA^(key): /d͡ʒɪˈhæd/, /d͡ʒɪˈhɑːd/

• Audio (Southern England)

  (file)

• enPR: jə'-häd, IPA^(key): /d͡ʒəˈhɑːd/
• (colloquial): enPR: jē'-häd, jē'-hăd, IPA^(key): /ˈd͡ʒiːhɑːd/, /ˈd͡ʒiːhæd/
• Rhymes: -æd, -ɑːd

Noun

jihad (countable and uncountable, plural jihads)

Wikiquote

1. (Islam) A holy war undertaken by Muslims.
   • 1938 August 22, "Holy War", Time:

     Young Iraqis of both sects obeyed the imams' ruling last week by rushing to conscription offices in hot, dirty, dusty Bagdad to offer themselves or their money for the jihad.

   • 1977, Alistair Horne, A Savage War of Peace, New York Review Books 2006, page 26:

     Small groups of killers, the scent of blood in their nostrils, now fanned out by taxi, bicycle or even on horseback into the surrounding countryside, spreading the word that a general jihad, or ‘holy war’, had broken out.

   • 2013 May 8, Mona Mahmood & Ian Black, The Guardian:

     The Jabhat al-Nusra media, with songs about jihad and martyrdom, is extremely influential.

2. An aggressive campaign for an idea.
   • 1984, Dune‎ (Science Fiction), OCLC 1295459964, spoken by Reverend Mother Ramallo, 41:18 from the start:

     And now, the prophecy. One will come, the voice from the outer world, bringing the holy war, the jihad, which will cleanse the universe and bring us out of darkness.

3. (Islam, theology) A personal spiritual struggle for self-improvement and/or against evil.

Derived terms

• jihadi
• jihadic
• jihadically
• jihadisation
• jihadise
• jihadism
• jihadist
• jihadistic
• jihadistically
• jihadization
• jihadization
• jihadize
• jihobbyist
• Love Jihad

 

Related terms

• mujahid

Translations

holy war undertaken by Muslims

Albanian: xhihat m Arabic: جِهَاد‎ (ar) m (jihād) Armenian: ջիհադ (hy) (ǰihad) Azerbaijani: cihad Basque: jihad Belarusian: джыха́д m (džyxád) Bengali: জিহাদ (jihad) Bulgarian: джиха́д m (džihád) Catalan: jihad m Chechen: гӏазот (ğazot) Chinese: Mandarin: 聖戰／圣战 (zh) (shèngzhàn) Czech: džihád (cs) m Danish: jihad c Dutch: jihad (nl) m Esperanto: ĝihado Estonian: džihaad Finnish: jihad (fi), pyhä sota (fi) French: jihad (fr), djihad (fr) m Georgian: ჯიჰადი (ǯihadi) German: Dschihad (de) m, Djihad (de) m, (rare) Jihad (de) m Greek: τζιχάντ (el) (tzichánt) Hausa: jihadi Hebrew: ג׳יהאד‎ m (jihad) Hindi: जिहाद m (jihād), जिहाद् (hi) m (jihād) Hungarian: dzsihád (hu) Indonesian: jihad (id) Interlingua: jihad Irish: jiohád m Italian: jihad (it) f Japanese: ジハード (ja) (jihādo) Kazakh: жиһад (jihad) Korean: 지하드 (jihadeu) Kurdish: Northern Kurdish: cîhad (ku) f Kyrgyz: жикат (jikat) Latvian: džihāds m Lithuanian: džihadas m Macedonian: џиха́д m (džihád) Malay: jihad Marathi: जिहाद m (jihād) Norwegian: jihad m Pashto: جهاد‎ (ps) m (ǰihād) Persian: جهاد‎ (fa) (jehâd) Polish: dżihad (pl) m Portuguese: jihad (pt) m Punjabi: ਜਿਹਾਦ (jihād) Romanian: jihad n Russian: джиха́д (ru) m (džixád) Serbo-Croatian: Cyrillic: ђихад m, џихад m Roman: đihad m, džihad (sh) m Sinhalese: ජිහාඩ් (jihāḍ) Slovak: džihád m Slovene: džihad m Spanish: yihad (es) m Swahili: jihadi Swedish: jihad (sv) c Tagalog: jihad Tajik: ҷиҳод (jihod) Tatar: җиһад (cihad) Thai: ญิฮาด (yí-hâat) Turkish: cihat (tr) Turkmen: jihad Ukrainian: джиха́д m (džyxád) Urdu: جہاد‎ (ur) m (jihād) Uyghur: جىھاد‎ (ug) (jihad) Uzbek: jihod (uz)

aggressive campaign

Finnish: ristiretki (fi), pyhä sota (fi) Hindi: जिहाद m (jihād), जिहाद् (hi) m (jihād) Turkish: mücadele (tr), savaşım (tr)

personal spiritual struggle

Finnish: kilvoittelu (fi) Hindi: जिहाद m (jihād), जिहाद् (hi) m (jihād) Polish: dżihad (pl) m Turkish: mücadele (tr), savaşım (tr)

Verb

jihad (third-person singular simple present jihads, present participle jihading, simple past and past participle jihaded)

1. To participate in a jihad.

See also

• crusade
• holy war
• infidel

Anagrams

• Djahi, hadji

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Dutch

Pronunciation

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

jihad m (plural jihads, diminutive jihadje n)

1. Alternative form of djihaad

Derived terms

• jihadstrijder

Related terms

• jihadi
• jihadist

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Finnish

Alternative forms

• džihad

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Arabic جِهَاد‎ (jihād).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈdʒihɑd/, [ˈdʒiɦɑd]
• IPA^(key): /ˈjihɑd/, [ˈjiɦɑd]
• IPA^(key): /ˈtsihɑd/, [ˈts̠iɦɑd]
• Rhymes: -ihad
• Syllabification^(key): ji‧had

Noun

jihad

1. jihad (Muslims' holy war)

Declension

Inflection of jihad (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)
nominative		jihad	jihadit
genitive		jihadin	jihadien
partitive		jihadia	jihadeja
illative		jihadiin	jihadeihin
		singular	plural
nominative		jihad	jihadit
accusative	nom.	jihad	jihadit
	gen.	jihadin
genitive		jihadin	jihadien
partitive		jihadia	jihadeja
inessive		jihadissa	jihadeissa
elative		jihadista	jihadeista
illative		jihadiin	jihadeihin
adessive		jihadilla	jihadeilla
ablative		jihadilta	jihadeilta
allative		jihadille	jihadeille
essive		jihadina	jihadeina
translative		jihadiksi	jihadeiksi
instructive		—	jihadein
abessive		jihaditta	jihadeitta
comitative		—	jihadeineen

Possessive forms of jihad (type risti)
possessor	singular	plural
1st person	jihadini	jihadimme
2nd person	jihadisi	jihadinne
3rd person	jihadinsa

Derived terms

• jihadismi
• jihadisti

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French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dʒi.ad/

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

jihad m (plural jihads)

1. Alternative form of djihad

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Italian

Noun

jihad m or f (invariable)

1. jihad

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Portuguese

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic جِهَاد‎ (jihād, “struggle; effort”).

Pronunciation

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ʒi.ˈʁad͡ʒ/, /ʒi.ˈʁad/

Noun

jihad m (plural jihads)

1. (Islam) jihad (holy war undertaken by Muslims)

Derived terms

• jihadista

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Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from French djihad.

Noun

jihad n (plural jihaduri)

1. jihad

Declension

Declension of jihad

	singular		plural
	indefinite articulation	definite articulation	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un) jihad	jihadul	(niște) jihaduri	jihadurile
genitive/dative	(unui) jihad	jihadului	(unor) jihaduri	jihadurilor
vocative	jihadule		jihadurilor