jeuner
See also: jeûner and jeüner
French
Pronunciation
Audio (file)
Verb
jeuner
- post-1990 spelling of jeûner
Conjugation
Conjugation of jeuner (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | jeuner | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | jeunant /ʒœ.nɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | jeuné /ʒœ.ne/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | jeune /ʒœn/ | jeunes /ʒœn/ | jeune /ʒœn/ | jeunons /ʒœ.nɔ̃/ | jeunez /ʒœ.ne/ | jeunent /ʒœn/ |
| imperfect | jeunais /ʒœ.nɛ/ | jeunais /ʒœ.nɛ/ | jeunait /ʒœ.nɛ/ | jeunions /ʒœ.njɔ̃/ | jeuniez /ʒœ.nje/ | jeunaient /ʒœ.nɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | jeunai /ʒœ.ne/ | jeunas /ʒœ.na/ | jeuna /ʒœ.na/ | jeunâmes /ʒœ.nam/ | jeunâtes /ʒœ.nat/ | jeunèrent /ʒœ.nɛʁ/ | |
| future | jeunerai /ʒœn.ʁe/ | jeuneras /ʒœn.ʁa/ | jeunera /ʒœn.ʁa/ | jeunerons /ʒœn.ʁɔ̃/ | jeunerez /ʒœn.ʁe/ | jeuneront /ʒœn.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | jeunerais /ʒœn.ʁɛ/ | jeunerais /ʒœn.ʁɛ/ | jeunerait /ʒœn.ʁɛ/ | jeunerions /ʒœ.nə.ʁjɔ̃/ | jeuneriez /ʒœ.nə.ʁje/ | jeuneraient /ʒœn.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | jeune /ʒœn/ | jeunes /ʒœn/ | jeune /ʒœn/ | jeunions /ʒœ.njɔ̃/ | jeuniez /ʒœ.nje/ | jeunent /ʒœn/ |
| imperfect2 | jeunasse /ʒœ.nas/ | jeunasses /ʒœ.nas/ | jeunât /ʒœ.na/ | jeunassions /ʒœ.na.sjɔ̃/ | jeunassiez /ʒœ.na.sje/ | jeunassent /ʒœ.nas/ | |
| (compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | jeune /ʒœn/ | — | jeunons /ʒœ.nɔ̃/ | jeunez /ʒœ.ne/ | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Further reading
- “jeuner”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Old French
Alternative forms
- geuner
- juner
Etymology
Either jeün + -er, or directly from Latin iēiūnāre (“to fast”) (with stem regularization).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /dʒəyˈneːr/
Verb
jeüner
- (intransitive) to fast (go without food voluntarily)
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
Conjugation of jeuner (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | jeuner | avoir jeuné | |||||
| gerund | en jeunant | Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| present participle | jeunant | ||||||
| past participle | jeuné | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses | present | jeun | jeunes | jeune | jeunons | jeunez | jeunent |
| imperfect | jeunoie, jeuneie, jeunoe, jeuneve | jeunoies, jeuneies, jeunoes, jeuneves | jeunoit, jeuneit, jeunot, jeuneve | jeuniiens, jeuniens | jeuniiez, jeuniez | jeunoient, jeuneient, jeunoent, jeunevent | |
| preterite | jeunai | jeunas | jeuna | jeunames | jeunastes | jeunerent | |
| future | jeunerai | jeuneras | jeunera | jeunerons | jeuneroiz, jeunereiz, jeunerez | jeuneront | |
| conditional | jeuneroie, jeunereie | jeuneroies, jeunereies | jeuneroit, jeunereit | jeuneriiens, jeuneriens | jeuneriiez, jeuneriez | jeuneroient, jeunereient | |
| compound tenses | present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses | present | jeun | jeuns | jeunt | jeunons | jeunez | jeunent |
| imperfect | jeunasse | jeunasses | jeunast | jeunissons, jeunissiens | jeunissoiz, jeunissez, jeunissiez | jeunassent | |
| compound tenses | past | Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | jeune | — | jeunons | jeunez | — | ||
Descendants
- French: jeûner