jarl
See also: Jarl
English
Etymology
From Old Norse jarl, from Proto-Norse ᛖᚱᛁᛚᚨᛉ (erilaʀ). Cognates include Old English eorl. Doublet of earl.
Pronunciation
- (General American) IPA(key): /jɑɹl̩/
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /jɑːl/
Audio (Southern England) (file) - Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)l
Noun
jarl (plural jarls)
- (historical) A medieval Scandinavian nobleman, especially in Norway and Denmark.
Translations
Icelandic
Etymology
From Old Norse jarl, from Proto-Norse ᛖᚱᛁᛚᚨᛉ (erilaʀ), from Proto-Germanic *erlaz, akin to Old English eorl (English earl).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /jartl/
- Rhymes: -artl
Noun
jarl m (genitive singular jarls, nominative plural jarlar)
- jarl
- earl (especially applied to nobles of Britain in modern times)
Declension
declension of jarl
m-s1 | singular | plural | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
nominative | jarl | jarlinn | jarlar | jarlarnir |
accusative | jarl | jarlinn | jarla | jarlana |
dative | jarli | jarlinum | jörlum | jörlunum |
genitive | jarls | jarlsins | jarla | jarlanna |
Norwegian Bokmål
Etymology
From Old Norse jarl.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /jɑːɭ/
Noun
jarl m (definite singular jarlen, indefinite plural jarler, definite plural jarlene)
- (historical) jarl (a title given to the highest noblemen in Norse times. Went out of use in the 14th century.)
- an earl (British nobleman)
References
- “jarl” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk
Etymology
From Old Norse jarl.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /jɑrl/
Noun
jarl m (definite singular jarlen, indefinite plural jarlar, definite plural jarlane)
- (historical) jarl (a title given to the highest noblemen in Norse times. Went out of use in the 14th century).
- an earl (British nobleman)
References
- “jarl” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old Norse
Alternative forms
- ᛁᛅᚱᛚ (iarl) – East Norse
Etymology
From Proto-Norse ᛖᚱᛁᛚᚨᛉ (erilaʀ), from Proto-Germanic *erlaz.
Noun
jarl m (genitive jarls)
- (poetic) A highborn, noble man or warrior.
- earl (in dignity next to the king)
Declension
Declension of jarl (strong a-stem)
masculine | singular | plural | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
nominative | jarl | jarlinn | jarlar | jarlarnir |
accusative | jarl | jarlinn | jarla | jarlana |
dative | jarli | jarlinum | jǫrlum | jǫrlunum |
genitive | jarls | jarlsins | jarla | jarlanna |
Derived terms
- jarlborinn
- jarldómr
- jarldœmi
- jarlsdóttir
- jarlsmaðr
- jarlsnafn
- jarlsríki
- jarlssonr
- jarlssæti
Descendants
- Icelandic: jarl
- Faroese: jallur
- Norwegian Nynorsk: jarl
- Old Swedish: iarl, iærl
- Swedish: järl
- Old Danish: ierl
- → Danish: jarl (reborrowed)
- Norwegian Bokmål: jarl
- → English: jarl
- → Finnish: jaarli
- → Swedish: jarl (reborrowed)
References
- “jarl” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
- “jarl”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
Polish
Etymology
Borrowed from Old Norse jarl, from Proto-Norse ᛖᚱᛁᛚᚨᛉ (erilaʀ).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /jarl/
- Rhymes: -arl
- Syllabification: jarl
Noun
jarl m pers
- (historical) jarl (medieval Scandinavian nobleman, especially in Norway and Denmark)
- (historical) jarl (leader of a viking team)
Declension
Declension of jarl
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | jarl | jarlowie |
genitive | jarla | jarlów |
dative | jarlowi | jarlom |
accusative | jarla | jarlów |
instrumental | jarlem | jarlami |
locative | jarlu | jarlach |
vocative | jarlu | jarlowie |
Further reading
- jarl in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- jarl in Polish dictionaries at PWN