jaque
French
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʒak/
Etymology 1
From Portuguese jaca (“jackfruit”), from Malayalam ചക്ക (cakka).
Noun
jaque m or f (plural jaques)
- jackfruit
Alternative forms
- jacque
Derived terms
- jaquier (“jackfruit tree”)
Etymology 2
From Old French jaque; see there for more.
Noun
jaque m (plural jaques)
- (historical) gambison
Further reading
- “jaque”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Old French
Alternative forms
- jacque
Etymology
Usually linked to the given name Jacques; an alternative origin connects it with jaque de mailles (“coat of arms”), which is from Arabic شـَكّ (šakk, “breastplate”).
Noun
jaque m (oblique plural jaques, nominative singular jaques, nominative plural jaque)
- a gambison; a type of tight-fitting shirt
Derived terms
- jaquet, jacquet
Descendants
- → Catalan: jaca
- French: jaque
- → German: Jacke
- → Middle English: jakke, jacke, jak, jake
- English: jack
- >? Yola: jock
- → Italian: giacca
- → Venetian: xaca
From diminutive jaquet:
- French: jaquette
- → Catalan: jaqueta
- → German: Jackett
- → Greek: ζακέτα (zakéta)
- → Italian: giacchetta
- → Spanish: chaqueta
- → Albanian: xhaketë
- → English: jacket
- → Irish: seaicéad
- → Scottish Gaelic: seacaid
Spanish
Etymology
From Old Spanish xaque, from Arabic شاه (šāh, “shah; king chess piece”), from Middle Persian 𐭬𐭫𐭪𐭠 (mlkʾ[[Category:Automatic Inscriptional Pahlavi transliterations containing ambiguous characters]] /šāh/, “king”). Doublet of cheque and escaque (“chess tile”), the latter formerly meaning "(any) chess piece" as well.
To explain the unusual rendering of Arabic -h as /k/ (-que), Coromines and Pascual suggest influence from escaque instead. They also mention an alternative idea they find less likely where the sound [h] was exaggerated as [k], cf. Medieval Latin nichil [ˈnikil]. Yet another explanation (not in Coromines and Pascual) for the /k/ is that it is from Arabic شاهك šāh-ak ("your king"), especially as it is used to announce an upcoming attack onto the enemy's king. First attested in 1283 as dar xaque ("to threaten the enemy's king").
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈxake/ [ˈxa.ke]
Audio (Colombia) (file) - Rhymes: -ake
- Syllabification: ja‧que
Noun
jaque m (plural jaques)
- (chess) check
- No oí bien cuando me dijo « ¡Jaque! »
- I didn't hear well when she said "Check!"
- jeopardy
- Vamos, no me pongas en jaque con esa pregunta repentina.
- C'mon, don't put me in jeopardy with that sudden question.
Derived terms
- jácaro (“dandy”)
- jaquear (“to check, to bother”)
- jaque mate (“checkmate”)
- tener en jaque (“to bully”)
Verb
jaque
- inflection of jaquir:
- third-person singular present indicative
- second-person singular imperative
References
- Joan Coromines; José A. Pascual (1984), “jaque”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (in Spanish), volume III (G–Ma), Madrid: Gredos, →ISBN, page 490
Further reading
- “jaque”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014