japper
French
Etymology
From Middle French japper, from Old French japer (“to bark, howl, scream”), related to Old Occitan japar, jaupar (“to bark, yelp, yap”), probably of Germanic origin, perhaps via Frankish *galpōn (“to boast, brag, bark”), from Proto-Germanic *galpōną (“to sound out, boast”), related to Old Saxon galpōn (“to cry loudly, make a noise, brag”), Low German galpen (“to bark, howl”), Middle High German gelpfen (“to scream, bark, boast, proclaim”), Old Norse gjalpa (“to yelp”), Swedish dialectal galpa (“to cry, screech”). Compare also English yap. More at galp.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʒa.pe/
Audio (file)
Verb
japper
- to yap, yelp
- (Canada) to bark
Usage notes
- Japper is much more commonly used in Canada than the more general aboyer.
Conjugation
Conjugation of japper (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | japper | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | jappant /ʒa.pɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | jappé /ʒa.pe/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | jappe /ʒap/ | jappes /ʒap/ | jappe /ʒap/ | jappons /ʒa.pɔ̃/ | jappez /ʒa.pe/ | jappent /ʒap/ |
| imperfect | jappais /ʒa.pɛ/ | jappais /ʒa.pɛ/ | jappait /ʒa.pɛ/ | jappions /ʒa.pjɔ̃/ | jappiez /ʒa.pje/ | jappaient /ʒa.pɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | jappai /ʒa.pe/ | jappas /ʒa.pa/ | jappa /ʒa.pa/ | jappâmes /ʒa.pam/ | jappâtes /ʒa.pat/ | jappèrent /ʒa.pɛʁ/ | |
| future | japperai /ʒa.pʁe/ | japperas /ʒa.pʁa/ | jappera /ʒa.pʁa/ | japperons /ʒa.pʁɔ̃/ | japperez /ʒa.pʁe/ | japperont /ʒa.pʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | japperais /ʒa.pʁɛ/ | japperais /ʒa.pʁɛ/ | japperait /ʒa.pʁɛ/ | japperions /ʒa.pə.ʁjɔ̃/ | japperiez /ʒa.pə.ʁje/ | japperaient /ʒa.pʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | jappe /ʒap/ | jappes /ʒap/ | jappe /ʒap/ | jappions /ʒa.pjɔ̃/ | jappiez /ʒa.pje/ | jappent /ʒap/ |
| imperfect2 | jappasse /ʒa.pas/ | jappasses /ʒa.pas/ | jappât /ʒa.pa/ | jappassions /ʒa.pa.sjɔ̃/ | jappassiez /ʒa.pa.sje/ | jappassent /ʒa.pas/ | |
| (compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | jappe /ʒap/ | — | jappons /ʒa.pɔ̃/ | jappez /ʒa.pe/ | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms
- jappement
Further reading
- “japper”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.