请输入您要查询的单词：

　

单词 jam
释义

jam

See also: jamb, JAM, jám, -jam, Jam., and ям

English

Marmalade, a type of jam, spread on a piece of bread
A strawberry jam and peanut butter sandwich

Pronunciation

  • (Received Pronunciation, US) IPA(key): /ˈd͡ʒæm/
  • (Southern England, Australia) IPA(key): /ˈdʒæːm/
  • Audio (RP)(file)
    - fruit spread
  • Audio (RP)(file)
    - verb
  • Audio (US)(file)
  • Audio (UK)(file)
  • Rhymes: -æm
  • Homophone: jamb

Etymology 1

First attested in the early 18th c. as a verb meaning “to press, be pressed, be wedged in”. Compare dialectal jammock (“to press, squeeze, crush into a soft mass, chew food"; also "a soft, pulpy substance”). Perhaps from Middle English chammen, champen ("to bite upon something, gnash the teeth"; whence modern champ, chomp), of uncertain origin; probably originally onomatopoeic.

Noun

jam (countable and uncountable, plural jams)

  1. A sweet mixture of fruit boiled with sugar and allowed to congeal. Often spread on bread or toast or used in jam tarts.
    Synonyms: (US) conserve, jelly, preserve
  2. (countable) A difficult situation.
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:difficult situation
    • 1928, Upton Sinclair, Boston:
      It's a blackmail ring, and the district attorneys get a share of the loot. […] Well, they got him in the same kind of jam, and soaked him to the tune of three hundred and eighty-six thousand.
    • 1975, Bob Dylan (lyrics and music), “Tangled Up in Blue”:
      She was married when we first met / Soon to be divorced / I helped her out of a jam, I guess / But I used a little too much force
    • 1977, David Byrne (lyrics and music), “Uh-Oh, Love Comes to Town”, in Talking Heads: 77, performed by Talking Heads:
      Where, where is my common sense? / How did I get in a jam like this?
  3. (countable) A blockage, congestion, or immobilization.
    A traffic jam caused us to miss the game's first period.
    a jam of logs in a river
    • 2019 February 14, National Transportation Safety Board, “1.3.2.3 Elevator Design Standard for Ground Gust Loads”, in Aircraft Accident Report: Runway Overrun During Rejected Takeoff, Ameristar Air Cargo, Inc., dba Ameristar Charters, flight 9363, Boeing MD-83, N786TW, Ypsilanti, Michigan, March 8, 2017‎, archived from the original on 2 July 2022, retrieved 7 July 2022, page 12:
      According to Boeing, in the history of this elevator design (which exists on all Boeing DC-9/MD-80 series and 717 model airplanes), this accident was the first notification that Boeing had received of an elevator jam occurring on an airplane exposed to ground gusts lower than 65 kts. Boeing noted that the elevator design first entered service in 1965 on the then-Douglas DC-9 airplane.
  4. (countable, popular music) An informal, impromptu performance or rehearsal.
  5. (countable, by extension, informal) A song; a track.
    • 2001, Jet (volume 100, number 22, page 25)
      The result is an outstanding assortment of sophisticated, sexy and hip-hop-tinged R&B grooves, ballads and party jams.
  6. (countable, by extension) An informal event where people brainstorm and collaborate on projects.
    We came up with some new ideas at the game jam.
    • 2017, Fred Patten, Furry Fandom Conventions, 1989-2015 (page 92)
      […] a day at new Farm Park with an art jam, fursuit games, and a nerf war, ending in the evening at the strike Wintergarden bowling center.
  7. (countable, slang) That which one particularly prefers, desires, enjoys, or cares about.
    Teaching is my jam.
  8. (countable, baseball) A difficult situation for a pitcher or defending team.
    The pitcher's in a jam now, having walked the bases loaded with the cleanup hitter coming to bat.
  9. (countable, basketball) A forceful dunk.
  10. (countable, roller derby) A play during which points can be scored.
    Toughie scored four points in that jam.
  11. (climbing, countable) Any of several maneuvers requiring wedging of an extremity into a tight space.
    I used a whole series of fist and foot jams in that crack.
  12. (Australia) The tree Acacia acuminata, with fruity-smelling hard timber.
    Synonyms: raspberry jam tree, stinking acacia
  13. (UK, slang) Luck.
    He's got more jam than Waitrose.
  14. (Canada, slang) balls, bollocks, courage, machismo
    I don't think he has the jam.
  15. (slang) Sexual relations or the contemplation of them.
Derived terms
terms derived from jam (noun)
  • jamjar
  • jammy
  • jam band
  • jam roly poly
  • jam sandwich
  • jam session
  • jam tart
  • jam tomorrow
  • log jam
  • Murrumbidgee jam
  • pearl jam
  • power jam
  • toe jam
  • traffic jam
  • want jam on it
  • climbing:
    • hand jam
    • finger jam
    • fist jam
    • foot jam
    • pinkie jam
    • ring jam
    • thumb-down jam
Descendants
  • → Czech: džem
  • → Japanese: ジャム (jamu)
  • → Korean: 잼 (jaem)
  • → Polish: dżem
  • → Russian: джем (džem)
  • → Serbo-Croatian: džȅm, џе̏м
  • → Slovak: džem
Translations
See also
  • jelly
  • marmalade

Verb

jam (third-person singular simple present jams, present participle jamming, simple past and past participle jammed)

  1. To get something stuck, often (though not necessarily) in a confined space.
    My foot got jammed in a gap between the rocks.
    Her poor little baby toe got jammed in the door.
    I jammed the top knuckle of my ring finger.
    • 1719 April 25​, [Daniel Defoe], The Life and Strange Surprizing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, […], 3rd edition, London: […] W[illiam] Taylor […], published 1719, OCLC 838630407, page 226:
      The Ship, which by its Building was Spanish, stuck fast, jaum’d in between two Rocks; all the Stern and Quarter of her was beaten to Pieces with the Sea […]
  2. To brusquely force something into a space; to cram, to squeeze.
    They temporarily stopped the gas tank leak by jamming a piece of taffy into the hole.
    The rush-hour train was jammed with commuters.
    • 1779, George Colman, Farewell Epilogue, spoken at Wynnstay after the representation of Cymbeline and The Spanish Barber, 22 January, 1779, in Prose on Several Occasions: Accompanied with Some Pieces in Verse, London: T. Cadel, 1787, Volume 3, p. 283,
      Since the new post-horse tax, I dare engage
      That some folks here have travell’d in the Stage:
      Jamm’d in at midnight, in cold winter weather,
      The crouded passengers are glew’d together.
  3. To render something unable to move.
    • 2019 February 14, National Transportation Safety Board, “2.3.3 Elevator Load Testing”, in Aircraft Accident Report: Runway Overrun During Rejected Takeoff, Ameristar Air Cargo, Inc., dba Ameristar Charters, flight 9363, Boeing MD-83, N786TW, Ypsilanti, Michigan, March 8, 2017‎, archived from the original on 2 July 2022, retrieved 7 July 2022, page 56:
      Considering the results of the CFD wind simulation, the NTSB designed several series of static and dynamic elevator load tests to determine what conditions, consistent with the known circumstances of the accident, could enable the inboard actuating crank and links of the right elevator's geared tab to move beyond their normal range of travel and become locked in an overcenter position (and, as a result, jam the right elevator).
  4. To cause congestion or blockage. Often used with "up".
    A single accident can jam the roads for hours.
  5. To block or confuse a radio or radar signal by transmitting a more-powerful signal on the same frequency.
    The government jams foreign propaganda broadcasts.
    The airstrike suffered minimal casualties because electronic-warfare aircraft were jamming the enemy air-defense radars.
  6. (baseball) To throw a pitch at or near the batter's hands.
    Jones was jammed by the pitch.
  7. (basketball) To dunk.
  8. (music) To play music (especially improvisation as a group, or an informal unrehearsed session).
  9. To injure a finger or toe by sudden compression of the digit's tip.
    When he tripped on the step he jammed his toe.
  10. (roller derby) To attempt to score points.
    Toughie jammed four times in the second period.
  11. (nautical, transitive) To bring (a vessel) so close to the wind that half her upper sails are laid aback.
    • 1887, William Clark Russell, The Golden Hope
      It won't do to jam her,” answered Stone ;" but it might be worth findin' out if th' Hope won't lie closer than t' other can." Half a point ----"
  12. (Canada, informal) To give up on a date or some other joint endeavour; to stand up, chicken out, jam out.
Synonyms
  • ram
Derived terms
  • (to squeeze into a small space): jam-pack
  • jammer
  • jam band
  • jam session
Translations

Etymology 2

Persian or Hindi, meaning "garment, robe;" see جامه‎ (“garment”). Related to pajamas.

Noun

jam (plural jams)

  1. (dated) A kind of frock for children.

Noun

jam (plural jams)

  1. (mining) Alternative form of jamb

References

  • jam on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
  • jam at OneLook Dictionary Search
  • jam in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911

Anagrams

  • JMA, Maj, Maj., maj, maj.

Albanian

Etymology

From Proto-Albanian *esmi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésmi (“I am, I exist”), identical with Ancient Greek εἰμί (eimí), Sanskrit अस्मि (ásmi), English am. Aorist qeshë from Proto-Indo-European *kʷel- (“to turn, revolve”), with a semantic development similar to Germanic *werþaną (“to become”), from Proto-Indo-European *wert- (“to turn”).[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /jam/

Verb

jam (first-person singular past tense qeshë, participle qenë)

  1. to be

Conjugation

Standard Albanian conjugation of jam (active voice)
participle — present and perfect
(pjesore — e tashme dhe e kryer)		qenë
singular
(njëjës)		plural
(shumës)
1st pers.
(veta e 1rë)		2nd pers.
(veta e 2të)		3rd pers.
(veta e 3të)		1st pers.
(veta e 1rë)		2nd pers.
(veta e 2të)		3rd pers.
(veta e 3të)
indicative
(dëftore)		unëtiai/ajonejuata/ato
present
(e tashme)		jamjeështë, ëjemijenijanë
imperfect
(e pakryer)		ishaisheishte, ishishimishitishin
aorist (simple past)
(e kryer e thjeshtë)		qeshëqeqeqemëqetëqenë
perfect
(e kryer)		kam qenëke qenëka qenëkemi qenëkeni qenëkanë qenë
past perfect
(më se e kryer)		kisha qenëkishe qenëkishte qenëkishim qenëkishit qenëkishin qenë
aorist II (past perfect II)
(e kryer e tejshkuar)		pata qenëpate qenëpati qenëpatëm qenëpatët qenëpatën qenë
future¹
(e ardhme)		do të jemdo të jeshdo të jetëdo të jemido të jenido të jenë
future perfect²
(e ardhme e përparme)		do të kem qenëdo të kesh qenëdo të ketë qenëdo të kemi qenëdo të keni qenëdo të kenë qenë
subjunctive
(lidhore)		unëtiai/ajonejuata/ato
present
(e tashme)		të jemtë jeshtë jetëtë jemitë jenitë jenë
imperfect
(e pakryer)		të ishatë ishetë ishte, të ishtë ishimtë ishittë ishin
perfect
(e kryer)		të kem qenëtë kesh qenëtë ketë qenëtë kemi qenëtë keni qenëtë kenë qenë
past perfect
(më se e kryer)		të kisha qenëtë kishe qenëtë kishte qenëtë kishim qenëtë kishit qenëtë kishin qenë
conditional¹, ²
(kushtore)		unëtiai/ajonejuata/ato
imperfect
(e pakryer)		do të ishado të ishedo të ishte, do të ishdo të ishimdo të ishitdo të ishin
past perfect
(më se e kryer)		do të kisha qenëdo të kishe qenëdo të kishte qenëdo të kishim qenëdo të kishit qenëdo të kishin qenë
optative
(dëshirore)		unëtiai/ajonejuata/ato
present
(e tashme)		qofshaqofshqoftëqofshimqofshitqofshin
perfect
(e kryer)		paça qenëpaç qenëpastë qenëpaçim qenëpaçit qenëpaçin qenë
admirative
(habitore)		unëtiai/ajonejuata/ato
present
(e tashme)		qenkamqenkeqenkaqenkemiqenkeniqenkan
imperfect
(pakryer)		qenkëshaqenkësheqenkëshqenkëshimqenkëshitqenkëshin
perfect
(e kryer)		paskam qenëpaske qenëpaska qenëpaskemi qenëpaskeni qenëpaskan qenë
past perfect
(më se e kryer)		paskësha qenëpaskëshe qenëpaskësh qenëpaskëshim qenëpaskëshit qenëpaskëshin qenë
imperative
(urdhërore)		—ti——ju—
present
(e tashme)		—ji——jini—
¹) indicative future identical with conditional present — ²) indicative future perfect identical with conditional perfect

References

  1. Orel, Vladimir (1998), “jam”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Cologne: Brill, →ISBN, page 156

Baba Malay

Etymology

From Malay jam, from Sanskrit याम (yāma).

Noun

jam

  1. hour
  2. time

Further reading

  • Baba Malay Dictionary

Chinese

Etymology 1

From English jam.

Pronunciation

  • Cantonese (Jyutping): zem1
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: zem1
      • Yale: colloquial sounds not defined
      • Cantonese Pinyin: dzem1
      • Guangdong Romanization: zém1
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɛːm⁵⁵/

Verb

jam

  1. (Hong Kong Cantonese) to jam (to play music)
Derived terms
  • jam歌

References

  • English Loanwords in Hong Kong Cantonese

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

  • Cantonese (Jyutping): zem1
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: zem1
      • Yale: colloquial sounds not defined
      • Cantonese Pinyin: dzem1
      • Guangdong Romanization: zém1
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɛːm⁵⁵/

Verb

jam

  1. (Hong Kong Cantonese, university slang, uncommon) to steal; to take without asking
Synonyms
  • M
  • 占 (zim1, zem1, “jam”)

Czech

Etymology

From Portuguese inhame or Spanish iñame, both likely of West African origin.

Noun

jam m

  1. yam (any Dioscorea vine)

Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from English jam.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ʒɛm/
  • audio(file)
  • Hyphenation: jam
  • Rhymes: -ɛm

Noun

jam m (plural jams, diminutive jammetje n)

  1. (chiefly Netherlands) jam (congealed sweet mixture of conserved fruits)

Synonyms

  • confituur
  • marmelade

Derived terms

  • aardbeienjam
  • jampot
  • kersenjam

Descendants

  • → Caribbean Javanese: sèm

Esperanto

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin iam.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [jam]
  • Audio:
    (file)
  • Hyphenation: jam

Adverb

jam

  1. already, prior to some time
    Ŝi jam nutris la bestojn. ― She already fed the animals.

Garo

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

jam

  1. granary, storehouse

Highland Popoluca

Noun

jam

  1. lime

References

  • Elson, Benjamin F.; Gutiérrez G., Donaciano (1999) Diccionario popoluca de la Sierra, Veracruz (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”; 41)‎ (in Spanish), Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C., →ISBN, page 74

Indonesian

Etymology

From Malay jam, from Sanskrit याम (yāma, “time”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈd͡ʒam]
  • Hyphenation: jam

Noun

jam (first-person possessive jamku, second-person possessive jammu, third-person possessive jamnya)

  1. hour (Time period of sixty minutes)
  2. clock (instrument to measure or keep track of time)
  3. (colloquial) time, particular moment or hour; the appropriate moment or hour for something
    Synonyms: pukul, saat, waktu

Derived terms

  • berjam-jam
  • jam ayun
  • jam bencet
  • jam berkunjung
  • jam bicara
  • jam biologis
  • jam bursa
  • jam D
  • jam digital
  • jam dinding
  • jam gembira
  • jam karet
  • jam karier
  • jam kerja
  • jam komandan
  • jam malam
  • jam matahari
  • jam menunggu
  • jam nol
  • jam pasir
  • jam pelajaran
  • jam perbaikan
  • jam pertandingan
  • jam praktik
  • jam saku
  • jam sibuk
  • jam sinoptik
  • jam tangan
  • jam tangan pintar
  • jam tembok
  • jam terakhir
  • jam terbang

Further reading

  • “jam” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.

Interlingua

Adverb

jam (not comparable)

  1. already

Javanese

Etymology

Ultimately from Sanskrit याम (yāma)

Noun

jam

  1. hour
  2. clock

Latgalian

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈjam/
  • Hyphenation: jam

Pronoun

jam

  1. dative singular of jis
    Es jam atsaceju par reizi. ― I replied to him right away.
    Jam daguoja laistīs paceli nu sātys. ― He had to leave his home.
    Vys jam nazkas natai. ― He's never satisfied. (literally, “It's never good enough for him.”)

References

  • Nicole Nau (2011) A short grammar of Latgalian, München: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 37

Latin

Adverb

jam (not comparable)

  1. Alternative form of iam

References

  • “jam”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press

Lindu

Noun

jam

  1. time
  2. hour
  3. clock

Lithuanian

Pronoun

jam m

  1. (third-person singular) dative form of jis.
    • 2007, Jurga (Jurga Šeduikytė), Angelai
      Jo balti sparnai man tinka
      Jam savo šarvus dovanoju
      His white wings suit me
      I present to him my armor

Malay

Etymology

From Sanskrit याम (yāma, “time”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [d͡ʒam]
  • Rhymes: -d͡ʒam, -am
  • Audio (MY)(file)

Noun

jam (Jawi spelling جم‎, plural jam-jam, informal 1st possessive jamku, 2nd possessive jammu, 3rd possessive jamnya)

  1. hour (Time period of sixty minutes)
  2. clock (instrument to measure or keep track of time)

Derived terms

Affixed terms and other derivations

Regular affixed derivations:

  • berjam-jam [reduplication + stative / habitual] (redup + beR-)

Descendants

  • Baba Malay: jam
  • Indonesian: jam
  • → Pattani Malay: جٍي‎ / แยฺ (jɛ)

Further reading

  • “jam” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

North Frisian

Etymology

From Old Frisian jī. Cognate with West Frisian jimme.

Pronoun

jam

  1. you (plural)
  2. your (plural)

Polish

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /jam/
  • Rhymes: -am
  • Syllabification: jam

Noun

jam f

  1. genitive plural of jama

Pronoun

jam

  1. (informal, sometimes proscribed) Combined form of ja + -m

Further reading

  • jam in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Slovene

Noun

jam

  1. genitive dual/plural of jama

Spanish

Noun

jam m (plural jams or jam)

  1. jam (music session)

Swedish

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /jɑːm/

Noun

jam n

  1. meow (sound of a cat)
    Synonym: (more common) mjau

Declension

Declension of jam 
SingularPlural
IndefiniteDefiniteIndefiniteDefinite
Nominativejamjametjamjamen
Genitivejamsjametsjamsjamens
  • jama

Anagrams

  • Maj, maj

Welsh

Etymology

From English jam.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /d͡ʒam/

Noun

jam m (plural jamiau, not mutable)

  1. jam
    Synonym: cyffaith

Further reading

  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “jam”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

West Frisian

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

jam c (plural jams)

  1. jam, fruit preserves

Alternative forms

  • sjem

Further reading

  • “jam (I)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011
随便看

　

国际大辞典收录了7408809条英语、德语、日语等多语种在线翻译词条，基本涵盖了全部常用单词及词组的翻译及用法，是外语学习的有利工具。

　

Copyright © 2004-2023 idict.net All Rights Reserved
京ICP备2021023879号 更新时间：2024/8/10 0:01:53