jaillir
French
Etymology
Uncertain. Possibly from a Vulgar Latin *galīre, from Transalpine Gaulish *gali- (“boil, gush, well up”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʒa.jiʁ/
audio (file)
Verb
jaillir
- (of liquid, fire, etc.) to spurt out, gush forth
- (of person, animal) to spring out
- (of tower, obstruction) to thrust up, to jut out
- (of idea) to emerge from
Conjugation
This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like finir, choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-.
Conjugation of jaillir (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive | simple | jaillir | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | jaillissant /ʒa.ji.sɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | jailli /ʒa.ji/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) | present | jaillis /ʒa.ji/ | jaillis /ʒa.ji/ | jaillit /ʒa.ji/ | jaillissons /ʒa.ji.sɔ̃/ | jaillissez /ʒa.ji.se/ | jaillissent /ʒa.jis/ |
imperfect | jaillissais /ʒa.ji.sɛ/ | jaillissais /ʒa.ji.sɛ/ | jaillissait /ʒa.ji.sɛ/ | jaillissions /ʒa.ji.sjɔ̃/ | jaillissiez /ʒa.ji.sje/ | jaillissaient /ʒa.ji.sɛ/ | |
past historic2 | jaillis /ʒa.ji/ | jaillis /ʒa.ji/ | jaillit /ʒa.ji/ | jaillîmes /ʒa.jim/ | jaillîtes /ʒa.jit/ | jaillirent /ʒa.jiʁ/ | |
future | jaillirai /ʒa.ji.ʁe/ | jailliras /ʒa.ji.ʁa/ | jaillira /ʒa.ji.ʁa/ | jaillirons /ʒa.ji.ʁɔ̃/ | jaillirez /ʒa.ji.ʁe/ | jailliront /ʒa.ji.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | jaillirais /ʒa.ji.ʁɛ/ | jaillirais /ʒa.ji.ʁɛ/ | jaillirait /ʒa.ji.ʁɛ/ | jaillirions /ʒa.ji.ʁjɔ̃/ | jailliriez /ʒa.ji.ʁje/ | jailliraient /ʒa.ji.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) | present | jaillisse /ʒa.jis/ | jaillisses /ʒa.jis/ | jaillisse /ʒa.jis/ | jaillissions /ʒa.ji.sjɔ̃/ | jaillissiez /ʒa.ji.sje/ | jaillissent /ʒa.jis/ |
imperfect2 | jaillisse /ʒa.jis/ | jaillisses /ʒa.jis/ | jaillît /ʒa.ji/ | jaillissions /ʒa.ji.sjɔ̃/ | jaillissiez /ʒa.ji.sje/ | jaillissent /ʒa.jis/ | |
(compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | jaillis /ʒa.ji/ | — | jaillissons /ʒa.ji.sɔ̃/ | jaillissez /ʒa.ji.se/ | — | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Derived terms
- jaillissement
Further reading
- “jaillir”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Old French
Alternative forms
- galir (common)
- jalir (common)
Verb
jaillir
- (of a liquid, often blood) to spurt out; to shoot out
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a second-group verb (ending in -ir, with an -iss- infix). Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
Conjugation of jaillir (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | jaillir | avoir jailli | |||||
gerund | en jaillissant | Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
present participle | jaillissant | ||||||
past participle | jailli | ||||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
simple tenses | present | jaillis | jaillis | jaillist | jaillissons | jaillissez | jaillissent |
imperfect | jaillissoie, jaillisseie | jaillissoies, jaillisseies | jaillissoit, jaillisseit | jaillissiiens, jaillissiens | jaillissiiez, jaillissiez | jaillissoient, jaillisseient | |
preterite | jailli | jaillis | jailli | jaillimes | jaillistes | jaillirent | |
future | jaillirai | jailliras | jaillira | jaillirons | jailliroiz, jaillireiz, jaillirez | jailliront | |
conditional | jailliroie, jaillireie | jailliroies, jaillireies | jailliroit, jaillireit | jailliriiens, jailliriens | jailliriiez, jailliriez | jailliroient, jaillireient | |
compound tenses | present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
past anterior | Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
simple tenses | present | jaillisse | jaillisses | jaillisse | jaillissons | jaillissez | jaillissent |
imperfect | jaillisse | jaillisses | jaillist | jaillissons, jaillissiens | jaillissoiz, jaillissez, jaillissiez | jaillissent | |
compound tenses | past | Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
pluperfect | Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
— | jaillis | — | jaillissons | jaillissez | — |
Descendants
- Middle French: jaillir
- French: jaillir
- Norman: galir
References
- Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l'ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IXe au XVe siècle (1881) (jaillir)