jabula
Zulu
Verb
-jabúla
- to rejoice, to be joyful
Inflection
Tone H | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | ukujabula | ||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
Infinitive | ukujabula | ukungajabuli | |||||||
Imperative | |||||||||
Simple | + object concord | ||||||||
Singular | jabula | -jabule | |||||||
Plural | jabulani | -jabuleni | |||||||
Stative | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngijabule | engijabule | ngijabule | angijabule | engingajabule | ngingajabule | |||
2nd singular | ujabule | ojabule | ujabule | awujabule | ongajabule | ungajabule | |||
1st plural | sijabule | esijabule | sijabule | asijabule | esingajabule | singajabule | |||
2nd plural | nijabule | enijabule | nijabule | anijabule | eningajabule | ningajabule | |||
Class 1 | ujabule | ojabule | ejabule | akajabule | ongajabule | engajabule | |||
Class 2 | bajabule | abajabule | bejabule | abajabule | abangajabule | bengajabule | |||
Class 3 | ujabule | ojabule | ujabule | awujabule | ongajabule | ongajabule | |||
Class 4 | ijabule | ejabule | ijabule | ayijabule | engajabule | ingajabule | |||
Class 5 | lijabule | elijabule | lijabule | alijabule | elingajabule | lingajabule | |||
Class 6 | ajabule | ajabule | ejabule | awajabule | angajabule | engajabule | |||
Class 7 | sijabule | esijabule | sijabule | asijabule | esingajabule | singajabule | |||
Class 8 | zijabule | ezijabule | zijabule | azijabule | ezingajabule | zingajabule | |||
Class 9 | ijabule | ejabule | ijabule | ayijabule | engajabule | ingajabule | |||
Class 10 | zijabule | ezijabule | zijabule | azijabule | ezingajabule | zingajabule | |||
Class 11 | lujabule | olujabule | lujabule | alujabule | olungajabule | lungajabule | |||
Class 14 | bujabule | obujabule | bujabule | abujabule | obungajabule | bungajabule | |||
Class 15 | kujabule | okujabule | kujabule | akujabule | okungajabule | kungajabule | |||
Class 17 | kujabule | okujabule | kujabule | akujabule | okungajabule | kungajabule | |||
Present | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyajabula, ngijabula | engijabulayo, engijabula | ngijabula | angijabuli | engingajabuli | ngingajabuli | |||
2nd singular | uyajabula, ujabula | ojabulayo, ojabula | ujabula | awujabuli | ongajabuli | ungajabuli | |||
1st plural | siyajabula, sijabula | esijabulayo, esijabula | sijabula | asijabuli | esingajabuli | singajabuli | |||
2nd plural | niyajabula, nijabula | enijabulayo, enijabula | nijabula | anijabuli | eningajabuli | ningajabuli | |||
Class 1 | uyajabula, ujabula | ojabulayo, ojabula | ejabula | akajabuli | ongajabuli | engajabuli | |||
Class 2 | bayajabula, bajabula | abajabulayo, abajabula | bejabula | abajabuli | abangajabuli | bengajabuli | |||
Class 3 | uyajabula, ujabula | ojabulayo, ojabula | ujabula | awujabuli | ongajabuli | ungajabuli | |||
Class 4 | iyajabula, ijabula | ejabulayo, ejabula | ijabula | ayijabuli | engajabuli | ingajabuli | |||
Class 5 | liyajabula, lijabula | elijabulayo, elijabula | lijabula | alijabuli | elingajabuli | lingajabuli | |||
Class 6 | ayajabula, ajabula | ajabulayo, ajabula | ejabula | awajabuli | angajabuli | engajabuli | |||
Class 7 | siyajabula, sijabula | esijabulayo, esijabula | sijabula | asijabuli | esingajabuli | singajabuli | |||
Class 8 | ziyajabula, zijabula | ezijabulayo, ezijabula | zijabula | azijabuli | ezingajabuli | zingajabuli | |||
Class 9 | iyajabula, ijabula | ejabulayo, ejabula | ijabula | ayijabuli | engajabuli | ingajabuli | |||
Class 10 | ziyajabula, zijabula | ezijabulayo, ezijabula | zijabula | azijabuli | ezingajabuli | zingajabuli | |||
Class 11 | luyajabula, lujabula | olujabulayo, olujabula | lujabula | alujabuli | olungajabuli | lungajabuli | |||
Class 14 | buyajabula, bujabula | obujabulayo, obujabula | bujabula | abujabuli | obungajabuli | bungajabuli | |||
Class 15 | kuyajabula, kujabula | okujabulayo, okujabula | kujabula | akujabuli | okungajabuli | kungajabuli | |||
Class 17 | kuyajabula, kujabula | okujabulayo, okujabula | kujabula | akujabuli | okungajabuli | kungajabuli | |||
Recent past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngijabulile, ngijabulē | engijabulile, engijabulē | ngijabulile, ngijabulē | angijabulanga | engingajabulanga | ngingajabulanga | |||
2nd singular | ujabulile, ujabulē | ojabulile, ojabulē | ujabulile, ujabulē | awujabulanga | ongajabulanga | ungajabulanga | |||
1st plural | sijabulile, sijabulē | esijabulile, esijabulē | sijabulile, sijabulē | asijabulanga | esingajabulanga | singajabulanga | |||
2nd plural | nijabulile, nijabulē | enijabulile, enijabulē | nijabulile, nijabulē | anijabulanga | eningajabulanga | ningajabulanga | |||
Class 1 | ujabulile, ujabulē | ojabulile, ojabulē | ejabulile, ejabulē | akajabulanga | ongajabulanga | engajabulanga | |||
Class 2 | bajabulile, bajabulē | abajabulile, abajabulē | bejabulile, bejabulē | abajabulanga | abangajabulanga | bengajabulanga | |||
Class 3 | ujabulile, ujabulē | ojabulile, ojabulē | ujabulile, ujabulē | awujabulanga | ongajabulanga | ungajabulanga | |||
Class 4 | ijabulile, ijabulē | ejabulile, ejabulē | ijabulile, ijabulē | ayijabulanga | engajabulanga | ingajabulanga | |||
Class 5 | lijabulile, lijabulē | elijabulile, elijabulē | lijabulile, lijabulē | alijabulanga | elingajabulanga | lingajabulanga | |||
Class 6 | ajabulile, ajabulē | ajabulile, ajabulē | ejabulile, ejabulē | awajabulanga | angajabulanga | engajabulanga | |||
Class 7 | sijabulile, sijabulē | esijabulile, esijabulē | sijabulile, sijabulē | asijabulanga | esingajabulanga | singajabulanga | |||
Class 8 | zijabulile, zijabulē | ezijabulile, ezijabulē | zijabulile, zijabulē | azijabulanga | ezingajabulanga | zingajabulanga | |||
Class 9 | ijabulile, ijabulē | ejabulile, ejabulē | ijabulile, ijabulē | ayijabulanga | engajabulanga | ingajabulanga | |||
Class 10 | zijabulile, zijabulē | ezijabulile, ezijabulē | zijabulile, zijabulē | azijabulanga | ezingajabulanga | zingajabulanga | |||
Class 11 | lujabulile, lujabulē | olujabulile, olujabulē | lujabulile, lujabulē | alujabulanga | olungajabulanga | lungajabulanga | |||
Class 14 | bujabulile, bujabulē | obujabulile, obujabulē | bujabulile, bujabulē | abujabulanga | obungajabulanga | bungajabulanga | |||
Class 15 | kujabulile, kujabulē | okujabulile, okujabulē | kujabulile, kujabulē | akujabulanga | okungajabulanga | kungajabulanga | |||
Class 17 | kujabulile, kujabulē | okujabulile, okujabulē | kujabulile, kujabulē | akujabulanga | okungajabulanga | kungajabulanga | |||
Remote past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngājabula | engājabula | ngājabula | angijabulanga | engingajabulanga | ngingajabulanga | |||
2nd singular | wājabula | owājabula | wājabula | awujabulanga | ongajabulanga | ungajabulanga | |||
1st plural | sājabula | esājabula | sājabula | asijabulanga | esingajabulanga | singajabulanga | |||
2nd plural | nājabula | enājabula | nājabula | anijabulanga | eningajabulanga | ningajabulanga | |||
Class 1 | wājabula | owājabula | ājabula | akajabulanga | ongajabulanga | engajabulanga | |||
Class 2 | bājabula | abājabula | bājabula | abajabulanga | abangajabulanga | bengajabulanga | |||
Class 3 | wājabula | owājabula | wājabula | awujabulanga | ongajabulanga | ungajabulanga | |||
Class 4 | yājabula | eyājabula | yājabula | ayijabulanga | engajabulanga | ingajabulanga | |||
Class 5 | lājabula | elājabula | lājabula | alijabulanga | elingajabulanga | lingajabulanga | |||
Class 6 | ājabula | ājabula | ājabula | awajabulanga | angajabulanga | engajabulanga | |||
Class 7 | sājabula | esājabula | sājabula | asijabulanga | esingajabulanga | singajabulanga | |||
Class 8 | zājabula | ezājabula | zājabula | azijabulanga | ezingajabulanga | zingajabulanga | |||
Class 9 | yājabula | eyājabula | yājabula | ayijabulanga | engajabulanga | ingajabulanga | |||
Class 10 | zājabula | ezājabula | zājabula | azijabulanga | ezingajabulanga | zingajabulanga | |||
Class 11 | lwājabula | olwājabula | lwājabula | alujabulanga | olungajabulanga | lungajabulanga | |||
Class 14 | bājabula | obājabula | bājabula | abujabulanga | obungajabulanga | bungajabulanga | |||
Class 15 | kwājabula | okwājabula | kwājabula | akujabulanga | okungajabulanga | kungajabulanga | |||
Class 17 | kwājabula | okwājabula | kwājabula | akujabulanga | okungajabulanga | kungajabulanga | |||
Potential | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngingajabula | — | ngingajabula | ngingejabule | — | ngingejabule | |||
2nd singular | ungajabula | — | ungajabula | ungejabule | — | ungejabule | |||
1st plural | singajabula | — | singajabula | singejabule | — | singejabule | |||
2nd plural | ningajabula | — | ningajabula | ningejabule | — | ningejabule | |||
Class 1 | angajabula | — | engajabula | angejabule | — | engejabule | |||
Class 2 | bangajabula | — | bengajabula | bangejabule | — | bengejabule | |||
Class 3 | ungajabula | — | ungajabula | ungejabule | — | ungejabule | |||
Class 4 | ingajabula | — | ingajabula | ingejabule | — | ingejabule | |||
Class 5 | lingajabula | — | lingajabula | lingejabule | — | lingejabule | |||
Class 6 | angajabula | — | engajabula | angejabule | — | engejabule | |||
Class 7 | singajabula | — | singajabula | singejabule | — | singejabule | |||
Class 8 | zingajabula | — | zingajabula | zingejabule | — | zingejabule | |||
Class 9 | ingajabula | — | ingajabula | ingejabule | — | ingejabule | |||
Class 10 | zingajabula | — | zingajabula | zingejabule | — | zingejabule | |||
Class 11 | lungajabula | — | lungajabula | lungejabule | — | lungejabule | |||
Class 14 | bungajabula | — | bungajabula | bungejabule | — | bungejabule | |||
Class 15 | kungajabula | — | kungajabula | kungejabule | — | kungejabule | |||
Class 17 | kungajabula | — | kungajabula | kungejabule | — | kungejabule | |||
Immediate future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngizojabula | engizojabula | ngizojabula | angizujabula | engingezujabula | ngingezujabula | |||
2nd singular | uzojabula | ozojabula | uzojabula | awuzujabula | ongezujabula | ungezujabula | |||
1st plural | sizojabula | esizojabula | sizojabula | asizujabula | esingezujabula | singezujabula | |||
2nd plural | nizojabula | enizojabula | nizojabula | anizujabula | eningezujabula | ningezujabula | |||
Class 1 | uzojabula | ozojabula | ezojabula | akazujabula | ongezujabula | engezujabula | |||
Class 2 | bazojabula | abazojabula | bezojabula | abazujabula | abangezujabula | bengezujabula | |||
Class 3 | uzojabula | ozojabula | uzojabula | awuzujabula | ongezujabula | ungezujabula | |||
Class 4 | izojabula | ezojabula | izojabula | ayizujabula | engezujabula | ingezujabula | |||
Class 5 | lizojabula | elizojabula | lizojabula | alizujabula | elingezujabula | lingezujabula | |||
Class 6 | azojabula | azojabula | ezojabula | awazujabula | angezujabula | engezujabula | |||
Class 7 | sizojabula | esizojabula | sizojabula | asizujabula | esingezujabula | singezujabula | |||
Class 8 | zizojabula | ezizojabula | zizojabula | azizujabula | ezingezujabula | zingezujabula | |||
Class 9 | izojabula | ezojabula | izojabula | ayizujabula | engezujabula | ingezujabula | |||
Class 10 | zizojabula | ezizojabula | zizojabula | azizujabula | ezingezujabula | zingezujabula | |||
Class 11 | luzojabula | oluzojabula | luzojabula | aluzujabula | olungezujabula | lungezujabula | |||
Class 14 | buzojabula | obuzojabula | buzojabula | abuzujabula | obungezujabula | bungezujabula | |||
Class 15 | kuzojabula | okuzojabula | kuzojabula | akuzujabula | okungezujabula | kungezujabula | |||
Class 17 | kuzojabula | okuzojabula | kuzojabula | akuzujabula | okungezujabula | kungezujabula | |||
Remote future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyojabula | engiyojabula | ngiyojabula | angiyujabula | engingeyujabula | ngingeyujabula | |||
2nd singular | uyojabula | oyojabula | uyojabula | awuyujabula | ongeyujabula | ungeyujabula | |||
1st plural | siyojabula | esiyojabula | siyojabula | asiyujabula | esingeyujabula | singeyujabula | |||
2nd plural | niyojabula | eniyojabula | niyojabula | aniyujabula | eningeyujabula | ningeyujabula | |||
Class 1 | uyojabula | oyojabula | eyojabula | akayujabula | ongeyujabula | engeyujabula | |||
Class 2 | bayojabula | abayojabula | beyojabula | abayujabula | abangeyujabula | bengeyujabula | |||
Class 3 | uyojabula | oyojabula | uyojabula | awuyujabula | ongeyujabula | ungeyujabula | |||
Class 4 | iyojabula | eyojabula | iyojabula | ayiyujabula | engeyujabula | ingeyujabula | |||
Class 5 | liyojabula | eliyojabula | liyojabula | aliyujabula | elingeyujabula | lingeyujabula | |||
Class 6 | ayojabula | ayojabula | eyojabula | awayujabula | angeyujabula | engeyujabula | |||
Class 7 | siyojabula | esiyojabula | siyojabula | asiyujabula | esingeyujabula | singeyujabula | |||
Class 8 | ziyojabula | eziyojabula | ziyojabula | aziyujabula | ezingeyujabula | zingeyujabula | |||
Class 9 | iyojabula | eyojabula | iyojabula | ayiyujabula | engeyujabula | ingeyujabula | |||
Class 10 | ziyojabula | eziyojabula | ziyojabula | aziyujabula | ezingeyujabula | zingeyujabula | |||
Class 11 | luyojabula | oluyojabula | luyojabula | aluyujabula | olungeyujabula | lungeyujabula | |||
Class 14 | buyojabula | obuyojabula | buyojabula | abuyujabula | obungeyujabula | bungeyujabula | |||
Class 15 | kuyojabula | okuyojabula | kuyojabula | akuyujabula | okungeyujabula | kungeyujabula | |||
Class 17 | kuyojabula | okuyojabula | kuyojabula | akuyujabula | okungeyujabula | kungeyujabula | |||
Present subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngijabule | ngingajabuli | |||||||
2nd singular | ujabule | ungajabuli | |||||||
1st plural | sijabule | singajabuli | |||||||
2nd plural | nijabule | ningajabuli | |||||||
Class 1 | ajabule | angajabuli | |||||||
Class 2 | bajabule | bangajabuli | |||||||
Class 3 | ujabule | ungajabuli | |||||||
Class 4 | ijabule | ingajabuli | |||||||
Class 5 | lijabule | lingajabuli | |||||||
Class 6 | ajabule | angajabuli | |||||||
Class 7 | sijabule | singajabuli | |||||||
Class 8 | zijabule | zingajabuli | |||||||
Class 9 | ijabule | ingajabuli | |||||||
Class 10 | zijabule | zingajabuli | |||||||
Class 11 | lujabule | lungajabuli | |||||||
Class 14 | bujabule | bungajabuli | |||||||
Class 15 | kujabule | kungajabuli | |||||||
Class 17 | kujabule | kungajabuli | |||||||
Past subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngajabula | ngangajabula, angajabula, angangajabula | |||||||
2nd singular | wajabula | wangajabula, awajabula, awangajabula | |||||||
1st plural | sajabula | sangajabula, asajabula, asangajabula | |||||||
2nd plural | najabula | nangajabula, anajabula, anangajabula | |||||||
Class 1 | wajabula | wangajabula, akajabula, akangajabula | |||||||
Class 2 | bajabula | bangajabula, abajabula, abangajabula | |||||||
Class 3 | wajabula | wangajabula, awajabula, awangajabula | |||||||
Class 4 | yajabula | yangajabula, ayajabula, ayangajabula | |||||||
Class 5 | lajabula | langajabula, alajabula, alangajabula | |||||||
Class 6 | ajabula | angajabula, awajabula, awangajabula | |||||||
Class 7 | sajabula | sangajabula, asajabula, asangajabula | |||||||
Class 8 | zajabula | zangajabula, azajabula, azangajabula | |||||||
Class 9 | yajabula | yangajabula, ayajabula, ayangajabula | |||||||
Class 10 | zajabula | zangajabula, azajabula, azangajabula | |||||||
Class 11 | lwajabula | lwangajabula, alwajabula, alwangajabula | |||||||
Class 14 | bajabula | bangajabula, abajabula, abangajabula | |||||||
Class 15 | kwajabula | kwangajabula, akwajabula, akwangajabula | |||||||
Class 17 | kwajabula | kwangajabula, akwajabula, akwangajabula |
References
- C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “jaɓula”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “jaɓula (3.2.9)”