iuvo
Latin
Etymology
From Proto-Italic *iowaō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ewH- (“to help”).
One of a few Latin verbs (as domō) only classed in the 1st conj. by the action of sound laws.
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈi̯u.u̯oː/, [ˈi̯uː̯oː]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈju.vo/, [ˈjuːvo]
Audio (Classical) (file)
Verb
iuvō (present infinitive iuvāre, perfect active iūvī, supine iūtum); first conjugation
- I help, aid; save
- Synonyms: adiūtō, adiuvō, foveō, assistō, succurrō, sublevō, prōficiō, prōsum, adsum
- Antonym: officiō
- I delight, gratify, please
- Synonyms: dēlectō, fruor, congrātulor, exhilarō
- audaces fortuna iuvat ― Fortune favours the braves (Virgil, Aeneid)
Conjugation
| Conjugation of iuvō (first conjugation) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | iuvō | iuvās | iuvat | iuvāmus | iuvātis | iuvant |
| imperfect | iuvābam | iuvābās | iuvābat | iuvābāmus | iuvābātis | iuvābant | |
| future | iuvābō | iuvābis | iuvābit | iuvābimus | iuvābitis | iuvābunt | |
| perfect | iūvī | iūvistī | iūvit | iūvimus | iūvistis | iūvērunt, iūvēre | |
| pluperfect | iūveram | iūverās | iūverat | iūverāmus | iūverātis | iūverant | |
| future perfect | iūverō | iūveris | iūverit | iūverimus | iūveritis | iūverint | |
| passive | present | iuvor | iuvāris, iuvāre | iuvātur | iuvāmur | iuvāminī | iuvantur |
| imperfect | iuvābar | iuvābāris, iuvābāre | iuvābātur | iuvābāmur | iuvābāminī | iuvābantur | |
| future | iuvābor | iuvāberis, iuvābere | iuvābitur | iuvābimur | iuvābiminī | iuvābuntur | |
| perfect | iūtus + present active indicative of sum | ||||||
| pluperfect | iūtus + imperfect active indicative of sum | ||||||
| future perfect | iūtus + future active indicative of sum | ||||||
| subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | iuvem | iuvēs | iuvet | iuvēmus | iuvētis | iuvent |
| imperfect | iuvārem | iuvārēs | iuvāret | iuvārēmus | iuvārētis | iuvārent | |
| perfect | iūverim | iūverīs | iūverit | iūverīmus | iūverītis | iūverint | |
| pluperfect | iūvissem | iūvissēs | iūvisset | iūvissēmus | iūvissētis | iūvissent | |
| passive | present | iuver | iuvēris, iuvēre | iuvētur | iuvēmur | iuvēminī | iuventur |
| imperfect | iuvārer | iuvārēris, iuvārēre | iuvārētur | iuvārēmur | iuvārēminī | iuvārentur | |
| perfect | iūtus + present active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
| pluperfect | iūtus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
| imperative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | — | iuvā | — | — | iuvāte | — |
| future | — | iuvātō | iuvātō | — | iuvātōte | iuvantō | |
| passive | present | — | iuvāre | — | — | iuvāminī | — |
| future | — | iuvātor | iuvātor | — | — | iuvantor | |
| non-finite forms | active | passive | |||||
| present | perfect | future | present | perfect | future | ||
| infinitives | iuvāre | iūvisse | iūtūrum esse | iuvārī | iūtum esse | iūtum īrī | |
| participles | iuvāns | — | iūtūrus | — | iūtus | iuvandus | |
| verbal nouns | gerund | supine | |||||
| genitive | dative | accusative | ablative | accusative | ablative | ||
| iuvandī | iuvandō | iuvandum | iuvandō | iūtum | iūtū | ||
Derived terms
- adiuvō
- dēiuvō
- iūcundus
- praeiuvō
Descendants
- Friulian: zovâ
- Italian: giovare
- Old French: juva (only in the 8th c. phrase tu lo juva 'bless him')
- Sardinian: juare, zuare, zubare
- Venetian: xiovar
References
- “iuvo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- iuvo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- to give a person the advantage of one's advice (and actual support): aliquem consilio (et re) iuvare
- to give a person the advantage of one's advice (and actual support): aliquem consilio (et re) iuvare
- Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN