iuvenis

iuvenis

Latin

Alternative forms

• juvenis, juuenis, iuuenis (New Latin)
• iuenis, iovenis, iubenis, iobenis (inscr. and codd.)
• zuvenis (Merovingian)
• I. (inscr. abbr.)

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *juwenis, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂yéwHō. Cognate with Sanskrit युवन् (yúvan), Persian جوان‎ (javān), Old Irish óc (early OIr: óac), Old English ġeong (whence English young).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈi̯u.u̯e.nis/, [ˈi̯uː̯ɛnɪs̠]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈju.ve.nis/, [ˈjuːvenis]

Adjective

iuvenis (genitive iuvenis, comparative iūnior or iuvenior, superlative iuvenissimus); third-declension one-termination adjective

1. young

Declension

Third-declension one-termination adjective.

Number	Singular			Plural
Case / Gender	Masc./Fem.	Neuter		Masc./Fem.	Neuter
Nominative	iuvenis			iuvenēs	iuvenia
Genitive				iuvenum iuvenium
Dative	iuvenī			iuvenibus
Accusative	iuvenem	iuvenis		iuvenēs	iuvenia
Ablative	iuvenī			iuvenibus
Vocative	iuvenis			iuvenēs	iuvenia

Antonyms

• senex, grandaevus, vetulus

Noun

iuvenis m or f (genitive iuvenis); third declension

1. A youth, a young man, young woman, young adult (between ages 20-40), (older than an adulescens but younger than a senior/senex)

Usage notes

• While iuvenis does mean "youth, young man, young woman", the ages of a iuvenis ranged from age 20 to age 40. By today's standards, we would not call a man who is thirty-eight years of age a "young adult", but in classical Latin, they did.

Declension

Third-declension noun.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	iuvenis	iuvenēs
Genitive	iuvenis	iuvenum
Dative	iuvenī	iuvenibus
Accusative	iuvenem	iuvenēs
Ablative	iuvene	iuvenibus
Vocative	iuvenis	iuvenēs

Antonyms

• senex

Related terms

• iūnior
• iūnīx
• iuvenālis
• iuvenculascō
• iuvenculus
• iuvencus
• iuvenēscō
• iuvenīlis
• iuvenīlitās
• iuvenīliter
• iuvenior
• iuvenor
• iuventa
• iuventās
• Iuventās
• iuventūs

 

Descendants

• Balkan Romance
  • Aromanian: gioni, gione, joni, jone
  • Romanian: june
• Dalmatian:
  • jaun
• Istrian:
  • zuvena
• Italo-Romance:
  • Italian: giovine (arch.), giovane
    • → Sardinian: giòvanu, giòvono, giòvonu, giòvunu, ciòanu, zòbanu
  • Sicilian: jùvini, giùvini (more recent)
• Padanian
  • Friulian: zovin
  • Ligurian: zoêno, zóveno
  • Lombard: joven, joen, join, joegn, juign
  • Piedmontese: giovo, gio, giou, giòu, giovi, zon
  • Romansch: giuven, gioven
  • Venetian: xovane
• Northern Gallo-Romance:
  • Franco-Provençal: joueno, jouve, jouveno
  • Old French: juene, jone, jovene, juefne
    • Middle French: ieune
      • French: jeune
    • Norman: janne
    • Walloon: djonne
• Southern Gallo-Romance:
  • Aragonese: choven
  • Catalan: jove
  • Occitan:

    Auvergnat: joeine, joine

    Gascon: joen

    Languedocien: jove, jovent, joine

    Limousin: jòune, jove

    Provençal: jove, joine, joeine

    Vivaro-Alpine: jove, joine, joeine

• Ibero-Romance:
  • Asturian: xoven
  • Old Portuguese:
    • Galician: xove (rare, displaced by novo and mozo)
    • Portuguese: jovem; jove (Northern)
  • → Spanish: joven (semi-learned)

Further reading

• “iuvenis”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• iuvenis in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)