iustus

See also: justus and Justus

Latin

From Old Latin iovestos, from Proto-Italic *jowestos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂yew-. Synchronically analysable as iūs +‎ -tus.

iūstus (feminine iūsta, neuter iūstum, comparative iūstior, superlative iūstissimus); first/second-declension adjective

just, righteous
lawful, legal
Synonym: lēgitimus
justified, merited, well-deserved, due
- 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab urbe condita libri 26.1:
  Ea tum cura maxime intentos habebat Romanos, non ab ira tantum, quae in nullam unquam ciuitatem iustior fuit, quam quod urbs tam nobilis ac potens, sicut defectione sua traxerat aliquot populos, ita recepta inclinatura rursus animos uidebatur ad ueteris imperii respectum.
  This concern in particular troubled the mindful Romans at the time, not so much because of anger, which has never been more justified against any other city, rather because a city so noble and powerful, in the same way that it had attracted the support of a number of communities by its revolt, was thought would again turn attention back towards respect for the previous government once recaptured.
proper, perfect, complete, reasonable, suitable, sufficient
Synonyms: opportūnus, commodus, habilis, aptus, idōneus, dignus, conveniēns, lēgitimus, ūtilis
Antonyms: incommodus, inūtilis, ineptus, irritus, grātuītus
(figurative) exact, straight, direct

First/second-declension adjective.

Case / Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Number	Singular			Plural
Nominative	iūstus	iūsta	iūstum	iūstī	iūstae	iūsta
Genitive	iūstī	iūstae	iūstī	iūstōrum	iūstārum	iūstōrum
Dative	iūstō	iūstae	iūstō	iūstīs
Accusative	iūstum	iūstam	iūstum	iūstōs	iūstās	iūsta
Ablative	iūstō	iūstā	iūstō	iūstīs
Vocative	iūste	iūsta	iūstum	iūstī	iūstae	iūsta

Eastern Romance
- Aromanian: giustu (perhaps borrowed, either directly or through an intermediate language)
Gallo-Italic
- Piedmontese: giust
- Romagnol: gióst, jóst
Italo-Dalmatian
- Dalmatian: jost
- Italian: giusto
  - → English: giusto
- Sicilian: giustu, justu
Old French: juste
- French: juste
  - → Romanian: just
- Norman: juste
- → Middle Dutch: juust
  - Dutch: juist (see there for further descendants)
- → Middle English: juste (see there for further descendants)
Old Occitan:
- Old Catalan: just
  - Catalan: just
- Occitan: just
Rhaeto-Romance
- Friulian: just
- Ladin: giust
- Romansch: gist
Sardinian: giustu, zustu
Venetian: justo, xusto, giusto, giust
West Iberian
- Aragonese: chusto
- Asturian: xustu
- Old Portuguese:
  - Galician: xusto
  - Portuguese: justo
    - Kabuverdianu: justu
- Old Spanish: justo
  - Spanish: justo

“justus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“iustus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
iustus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
iustus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
- to perform the last rites for a person: iusta facere, solvere alicui
- to be deprived of the rites of burial: iustis exsequiarum carere
- for valid reasons: iustis de causis
- soldiers collected in haste; irregulars: milites tumultuarii (opp. exercitus iustus) (Liv. 35. 2)
- a regular, formal war: bellum iustum (pium)
- a pitched battle: proelium iustum (opp. tumultuarium)
- to fight a pitched, orderly battle with an enemy: iusto (opp. tumultuario) proelio confligere cum hoste (Liv. 35. 4)
- with perfect right: iusto iure
“iustus”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers