Iuppiter

See also: iuppiter

Latin

Iuppiter Tonans ("Jupiter thundering") (late first century statue)

Alternative forms

Iūpiter, Jūpiter, Juppiter
Iovis (“Jove”)

Etymology

The nominative Iuppiter, for Iūpiter (with shift of the length from vowel to consonant per the "littera" rule), comes from the vocative combined with pater, and essentially meant "father Jove"; from Proto-Italic *djous patēr, from *djous (“day, sky”) + *patēr (“father”), from Proto-Indo-European *dyḗws (literally “the bright one”), root nomen agentis from *dyew- (“to be bright, day sky”), and *ph₂tḗr (“father”). Cognate with Umbrian 𐌉𐌖𐌐𐌀𐌕𐌄𐌓 (iupater), and in other branches of Indo-European Sanskrit द्यौष्पितृ (dyáuṣ-pitṛ́), Ancient Greek Ζεῦ πάτερ (Zeû páter, “o father Zeus”). Equivalent to diēs (cf. Iovis) + pater.

The oblique cases Iov-, Iovis continue the inflection of Proto-Indo-European *dyḗws. Cognates are Latin diēs (from the accusative case) and Ancient Greek Ζεύς (Zeús).

Pronunciation

(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈi̯up.pi.ter/, [ˈi̯ʊpːɪt̪ɛr]

(Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈjup.pi.ter/, [ˈjupːit̪er]
Audio (Ecclesiastical) (file)

Proper noun

Iuppiter m (genitive Iovis); third declension

The god Jupiter.
(poetic) The sky.
The planet Jupiter.
- 1584, Johann Virdung of Hassfurt, De Cognoscendis, et Medendis Morbis ex Corporum Coelestium Positione:
  [f. 7r] Ex ♃ Peripneumonia, Apoplexia, Pleurisis cardiaca, Angina, [...] oriuntur.
  [f. 7v] HABENT Namque Planetae speciales influentias super humani corporis membra ob existentiam eorum in signis, vt in Ariete, Saturnus habet pectus. Iupiter ventrem. Mars caput. [etc.]
Synonyms: Phaenōn, Phaëthōn

Declension

Third-declension noun.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	Iuppiter	Iovēs
Genitive	Iovis	Iovum
Dative	Iovī	Iovibus
Accusative	Iovem	Iovēs
Ablative	Iove	Iovibus
Vocative	Iuppiter	Iovēs

Derived terms

dies Iovis
ioviālis

Descendants

→ Afrikaans: Jupiter
→ Arabic: جُوبِيتَر‎ (jūbītar)
→ Armenian: Յուպիտեր (Yupiter)
Asturian: Xúpiter
→ Azerbaijani: Yupiter
→ Bashkir: Юпитер (Yupiter)
→ Basque: Jupiter
→ Bulgarian: Юпи́тер (Jupíter)
Catalan: Júpiter
→ Chinese:
- Mandarin: 朱庇特 (Zhūbìtè)
- Cantonese: 朱庇特 (Zyu1 bei3 dak6)
→ Cornish: Jubyter, Yow
→ Czech: Jupiter
→ Dutch: Jupiter
→ English: Jupiter, Jove
→ Esperanto: Jupitero
→ Estonian: Jupiter
→ Finnish: Juppiter, Jupiter
Franco-Provençal: Jupitèr
French: Jupiter
Galician: Xúpiter
→ German: Jupiter
→ Hungarian: Jupiter
→ Icelandic: Júpíter
→ Indonesian: Yupiter
→ Irish: Iúpatar
Italian: Giove
→ Latvian: Jupiters
→ Lithuanian: Jupiteris
→ Macedonian: Јупитер (Jupiter)
→ Maltese: Ġovè
→ Old Ruthenian: Юпи́теръ (Jupíter), Упи́теръ (Upíter)
- Belarusian: Юпі́тэр (Jupíter)
- Rusyn: Юпі́тер (Jupíter)
- Ukrainian: Юпі́тер (Jupíter); юпі́тер (jupíter)
→ Persian: ژوپیتر‎ (župiter)
→ Polish: Jowisz, Jupiter
Portuguese: Júpiter
→ Romanian: Jupiter
→ Russian: Юпи́тер (Jupíter)
→ Serbo-Croatian: Jùpiter/Ју̀питер
→ Slovak: Jupiter
→ Slovene: Júpiter
Spanish: Júpiter
→ Swedish: Jupiter
→ Tagalog: Hupiter
→ Turkish: Jüpiter
→ Tuvan: Юпитер (Yupiter)
→ Wolof: Yupiter
→ Yoruba: Júpítérì
→ Zulu: uJupitheri

References

“Iuppiter”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers

Middle English

Proper noun

Iuppiter

Alternative form of Jubiter