iudico
Latin
Etymology
Derived from iūs (“law, right”) + dicō (“I indicate, point out”). Compare iūdex (“judge”).
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈi̯uː.di.koː/, [ˈi̯uːd̪ɪkoː]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈju.di.ko/, [ˈjuːd̪iko]
Verb
iūdicō (present infinitive iūdicāre, perfect active iūdicāvī, supine iūdicātum); first conjugation
- (law) I examine judicially, judge, pass judgement, decide; condemn.
- Synonyms: accūsō, crīminor, condemnō, reprehendō, damnō
- (in general) I judge; proclaim; determine, conclude; adjudge.
Conjugation
| Conjugation of iūdicō (first conjugation) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | iūdicō | iūdicās | iūdicat | iūdicāmus | iūdicātis | iūdicant |
| imperfect | iūdicābam | iūdicābās | iūdicābat | iūdicābāmus | iūdicābātis | iūdicābant | |
| future | iūdicābō | iūdicābis | iūdicābit | iūdicābimus | iūdicābitis | iūdicābunt | |
| perfect | iūdicāvī | iūdicāvistī | iūdicāvit | iūdicāvimus | iūdicāvistis | iūdicāvērunt, iūdicāvēre | |
| pluperfect | iūdicāveram | iūdicāverās | iūdicāverat | iūdicāverāmus | iūdicāverātis | iūdicāverant | |
| future perfect | iūdicāverō | iūdicāveris | iūdicāverit | iūdicāverimus | iūdicāveritis | iūdicāverint | |
| sigmatic future1 | iūdicāssō | iūdicāssis | iūdicāssit | iūdicāssimus | iūdicāssitis | iūdicāssint | |
| passive | present | iūdicor | iūdicāris, iūdicāre | iūdicātur | iūdicāmur | iūdicāminī | iūdicantur |
| imperfect | iūdicābar | iūdicābāris, iūdicābāre | iūdicābātur | iūdicābāmur | iūdicābāminī | iūdicābantur | |
| future | iūdicābor | iūdicāberis, iūdicābere | iūdicābitur | iūdicābimur | iūdicābiminī | iūdicābuntur | |
| perfect | iūdicātus + present active indicative of sum | ||||||
| pluperfect | iūdicātus + imperfect active indicative of sum | ||||||
| future perfect | iūdicātus + future active indicative of sum | ||||||
| subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | iūdicem | iūdicēs | iūdicet | iūdicēmus | iūdicētis | iūdicent |
| imperfect | iūdicārem | iūdicārēs | iūdicāret | iūdicārēmus | iūdicārētis | iūdicārent | |
| perfect | iūdicāverim | iūdicāverīs | iūdicāverit | iūdicāverīmus | iūdicāverītis | iūdicāverint | |
| pluperfect | iūdicāvissem | iūdicāvissēs | iūdicāvisset | iūdicāvissēmus | iūdicāvissētis | iūdicāvissent | |
| sigmatic aorist1 | iūdicāssim | iūdicāssīs | iūdicāssīt | iūdicāssīmus | iūdicāssītis | iūdicāssint | |
| passive | present | iūdicer | iūdicēris, iūdicēre | iūdicētur | iūdicēmur | iūdicēminī | iūdicentur |
| imperfect | iūdicārer | iūdicārēris, iūdicārēre | iūdicārētur | iūdicārēmur | iūdicārēminī | iūdicārentur | |
| perfect | iūdicātus + present active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
| pluperfect | iūdicātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
| imperative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | — | iūdicā | — | — | iūdicāte | — |
| future | — | iūdicātō | iūdicātō | — | iūdicātōte | iūdicantō | |
| passive | present | — | iūdicāre | — | — | iūdicāminī | — |
| future | — | iūdicātor | iūdicātor | — | — | iūdicantor | |
| non-finite forms | active | passive | |||||
| present | perfect | future | present | perfect | future | ||
| infinitives | iūdicāre | iūdicāvisse | iūdicātūrum esse | iūdicārī | iūdicātum esse | iūdicātum īrī | |
| participles | iūdicāns | — | iūdicātūrus | — | iūdicātus | iūdicandus | |
| verbal nouns | gerund | supine | |||||
| genitive | dative | accusative | ablative | accusative | ablative | ||
| iūdicandī | iūdicandō | iūdicandum | iūdicandō | iūdicātum | iūdicātū | ||
1At least one use of the archaic "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to").
Derived terms
- abiūdicō
- adiūdicō
- dīiūdicō
- iūdicābilis
- iūdicāmentum
- iūdicātiō
- iūdicātō
- iūdicātor
- iūdicātum
- iūdicātus
- praeiūdicō
Related terms
- iūdex
- iūdicātōrius
- iūdicātrīx
- iūdiciālis
- iūdiciāliter
- iūdiciārius
- iūdiciolum
- iūdicium
Descendants
- Aromanian: giudic, giudicari
- Catalan: jutjar
- Corsican: ghjudicà
- Extremaduran: hulgal
- Old French: jugier
- French: juger
- Bourguignon: jugé
- Franc-Comtois: djudgie
- Norman: jugier, jugi (Jersey)
- → English: judge
- Old Leonese: julgar
- Asturian: xulgar
- →? Old Portuguese: julgar
- Galician: xulgar
- Portuguese: julgar
- Old Portuguese: juygar
- Friulian: judicâ
- Italian: giudicare
- → Ladin: giudicher
- → Romansch: giudicar
- → Sardinian: giudicai, giudicare, giudigare, zudigare
- Neapolitan: iudecà, judecà
- Occitan: jutjar
- Romanian: judeca, judecare
- Romansch: giuditgar, giuditgear, güdichar
- Sardinian: iudicare (medieval)
- Sicilian: judicari
- Spanish: juzgar
- Venetian: xudegar
- Walloon: djudjî
- → Albanian: gjykoj
- → English: judicate
- → Spanish: judicar
References
- “iudico”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- iudico in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- to measure something by the standard of something else; to make something one's criterion: metiri, ponderare, aestimare, iudicare aliquid (ex) aliqua re
- to judge some one equitably: aequum iudicem se alicui praebere
- to conduct a person's case (said of an agent, solicitor): causam alicuius agere (apud iudicem)
- to decide on the conduct of the case: iudicare causam (de aliqua re)
- (ambiguous) to challenge, reject jurymen: iudices reicere (Verr. 3. 11. 28)
- to measure something by the standard of something else; to make something one's criterion: metiri, ponderare, aestimare, iudicare aliquid (ex) aliqua re