-istaa
See also: -istää
Finnish
Etymology
Formally -ise- + -taa, i.e. extracted from verbs originally formed by the suffix -taa from adjectives ending in -inen : -ise-. This reanalysis has likely been further supported by verbs such as altistaa, kaunistaa, tiivistää, valmistaa, based on adjectives of loan origin which show -is even in the nominative.
Suffix
-istaa (front vowel harmony variant -istää, stem -ista-)
- Forms verbs meaning "to make (into)", predominantly from adjectives; -ize/-ise
- vahva (“strong”) + -istaa → vahvistaa (“to strengthen”)
- tosi (“real”) + -istaa → todistaa (“to verify”)
- Occasionally used for other purposes, either as to apply a tool onto.
- kone (“machine”) + -istaa → koneistaa (“to machine”)
- or to equip:
- tietokone (“computer”) + -istaa → tietokoneistaa (“to computerize”)
Usage notes
After labial vowels, the -i- is frequently omitted: see -staa.
Derived terms
Finnish terms suffixed with -istaa
Anagrams
- -aista, aasit, aisat, aista, asiat, astia, saati, saita
Ingrian
Etymology
Re-extracted form of -taa after nominals ending in -in. Akin to Finnish -istaa.
Pronunciation
- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /-istɑː/, [-is̠tɑ]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /-istɑː/, [-iʃtɑː]
Suffix
-istaa (front vowel variant -istää)
- Used to form inchoative verbs: -ise
- vari (“hot”) + -istaa → varistaa (“heat up”)
Usage notes
- After labial vowels (-o, -ö, -u, -y), an alternative form -staa is more frequently used.
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -istaa (type 2/kirjuttaa, st-ss gradation) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indikativa | |||||
| Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | -issan | en -issa | 1st singular | oon -istant, oon -istanut | en oo -istant, en oo -istanut |
| 2nd singular | -issat | et -issa | 2nd singular | oot -istant, oot -istanut | et oo -istant, et oo -istanut |
| 3rd singular | -istaa | ei -issa | 3rd singular | ono -istant, ono -istanut | ei oo -istant, ei oo -istanut |
| 1st plural | -issamma | emmä -issa | 1st plural | oomma -istanneet | emmä oo -istanneet |
| 2nd plural | -issatta | että -issa | 2nd plural | ootta -istanneet | että oo -istanneet |
| 3rd plural | -istaat1), -istavat2), -issetaa | evät -issa | 3rd plural | ovat -istanneet | evät oo -istanneet |
| impersonal | -issetaa | ei -isseta | impersonal | ono -issettu | ei oo -issettu |
| Imperfekta | Pluskvamperfekta | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | -issin | en -istant, en -istanut | 1st singular | olin -istant, olin -istanut | en olt -istant, en olt -istanut |
| 2nd singular | -issit | et -istant, et -istanut | 2nd singular | olit -istant, olit -istanut | et olt -istant, et olt -istanut |
| 3rd singular | -isti | ei -istant, ei -istanut | 3rd singular | oli -istant, oli -istanut | ei olt -istant, ei olt -istanut |
| 1st plural | -issimma | emmä -istanneet | 1st plural | olimma -istanneet | emmä olleet -istanneet |
| 2nd plural | -issitta | että -istanneet | 2nd plural | olitta -istanneet | että olleet -istanneet |
| 3rd plural | -istiit1), -istivat2), -issettii | evät -istanneet | 3rd plural | olivat -istanneet | evät olleet -istanneet |
| impersonal | -issettii | ei -issettu | impersonal | oli -issettu | ei olt -issettu |
| Konditsionala | |||||
| Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | -istaisin | en -istais | 1st singular | olisin -istant, olisin -istanut | en olis -istant, en olis -istanut |
| 2nd singular | -istaisit, -istaist1) | et -istais | 2nd singular | olisit -istant, olisit -istanut | et olis -istant, et olis -istanut |
| 3rd singular | -istais | ei -istais | 3rd singular | olis -istant, olis -istanut | ei olis -istant, ei olis -istanut |
| 1st plural | -istaisimma | emmä -istais | 1st plural | olisimma -istanneet | emmä olis -istanneet |
| 2nd plural | -istaisitta | että -istais | 2nd plural | olisitta -istanneet | että olis -istanneet |
| 3rd plural | -istaisiit1), -istaisivat2), -issettais | evät -istais | 3rd plural | olisivat -istanneet | evät olis -istanneet |
| impersonal | -issettais | ei -issettais | impersonal | olis -issettu | ei olis -issettu |
| Imperativa | |||||
| Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | — | — | 1st singular | — | — |
| 2nd singular | -issa | elä -issa | 2nd singular | oo -istant, oo -istanut | elä oo -istant, elä oo -istanut |
| 3rd singular | -istakkoo | elköö -istako | 3rd singular | olkoo -istant, olkoo -istanut | elköö olko -istant, elköö olko -istanut |
| 1st plural | — | — | 1st plural | — | — |
| 2nd plural | -istakkaa | elkää -istako | 2nd plural | olkaa -istanneet | elkää olko -istanneet |
| 3rd plural | -istakkoot | elkööt -istako | 3rd plural | olkoot -istanneet | elkööt olko -istanneet |
| impersonal | -issettakoo | elköö -issettako | impersonal | olkoo -issettu | elköö olko -issettu |
| Potentsiala | |||||
| Preesens | |||||
| positive | negative | ||||
| 1st singular | -istanen | en -istane | |||
| 2nd singular | -istanet | et -istane | |||
| 3rd singular | -istannoo | ei -istane | |||
| 1st plural | -istanemma | emmä -istane | |||
| 2nd plural | -istanetta | että -istane | |||
| 3rd plural | -istannoot | evät -istane | |||
| impersonal | -issettanoo | ei -issettane | |||
| Nominal forms | |||||
| Infinitivat | Partisipat | ||||
| active | passive | ||||
| 1st | -istaa | present | -istava | -issettava | |
| 2nd | inessive | -istaes | past | -istant, -istanut | -issettu |
| instructive | -istaen | 1) Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect. 2) Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect. *) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (-istakkaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well. **) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) to the indicative, or -kse to the potential. ***) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition. | |||
| 3rd | illative | -istammaa | |||
| inessive | -istamas | ||||
| elative | -istamast | ||||
| abessive | -istamata | ||||
| 4th | nominative | -istammiin | |||
| partitive | -istamista, -istamist | ||||
Derived terms
Ingrian terms suffixed with -istaa