-is
Czech
Suffix
-is
- Indicates a sharp of a note.
- Měl zahrát gis, ale omylem zahrál ais.
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
Danish
Suffix
-is
- indicates the sharp of a note; ♯
Antonyms
- -es
Esperanto
Etymology
The Esperanto suffixes -as, -is, -os, -us are related, and appear to have been inspired by previous language projects:
- This play of vowels is not an original idea of Zamenhof's: -as, -is, -os are found for the three tenses of the infinitive in Faiguet's system of 1765; -a, -i, -o without a consonant are used like Z's -as, -is, -os by Rudelle (1858); Courtonne in 1885 had -am, -im, -om in the same values, and the similarity with Esperanto is here even more perfect than in the other projects, as -um corresponds to Z's -us. —An International Language (1928)
The vowel of -is is likely cognate with the Latin perfect, as in amavit "s/he had loved", and the corresponding past infinitive amavisse.
Suffix
-is
- ending of past tense in verbs, e.g. ami to love, ŝi amis she loved.
Estonian
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) Compare -us and -s.
Suffix
-is (genitive -ise, partitive -ist)
- Derives nouns.
- petma (“to con, to trick”) + -is → petis (“conman, trickster, cheat, fraud”)
- näitama (“to show”) + -is → näidis (“sample, specimen”)
- Derives forms of nouns used in compounds.
- väli (“field, area”) + -is → välis- (“outside”)
- võidma ("to spread", "to anoint") → võidis- in võidisvaal ("sperm whale")
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | -is | -ised |
| accusative | -ise | -ised |
| genitive | -ise | -iste |
| partitive | -ist | -isi |
| illative | -isse -isesse | -istesse -isisse |
| inessive | -ises | -istes -isis |
| elative | -isest | -istest -isist |
| allative | -isele | -istele -isile |
| adessive | -isel | -istel -isil |
| ablative | -iselt | -istelt -isilt |
| translative | -iseks | -isteks -isiks |
| terminative | -iseni | -isteni |
| essive | -isena | -istena |
| abessive | -iseta | -isteta |
| comitative | -isega | -istega |
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | -is | -ised |
| accusative | -ise | -ised |
| genitive | -ise | -iste |
| partitive | -ist | -iseid |
| illative | -isesse | -istesse -iseisse |
| inessive | -ises | -istes -iseis |
| elative | -isest | -istest -iseist |
| allative | -isele | -istele -iseile |
| adessive | -isel | -istel -iseil |
| ablative | -iselt | -istelt -iseilt |
| translative | -iseks | -isteks -iseiks |
| terminative | -iseni | -isteni |
| essive | -isena | -istena |
| abessive | -iseta | -isteta |
| comitative | -isega | -istega |
Finnish
Etymology
Probably from Swedish -is and possibly also extracted from slang terms including that suffix.
Suffix
-is
- (colloquial) -er; a suffix used to form nouns and proper nouns from place names, common nouns and adjectives; gives a familiar nuance to the original word; the original word is often truncated in the process.
- funktionalismi (“functionalism”) + -is → funkis
- kova (“hard, tough”) + -is → kovis (“badass”)
- mestaruus (“championship”) + -is → mestis (“league of champions”)
- paha (“bad”) + -is → pahis (“bad guy”)
- Roihuvuori (a suburb of Helsinki) → Roihis
Anagrams
- -si
French
Etymology 1
From Latin -iō → *-īō, -is → *-īs (sense 1–2); Latin -īvī, and -īvisti (sense 3–4). In the case of regular -ir verbs (like finir), the first singular present suffix was inherited from Old French -is, from Vulgar Latin *-īscō (cf. -iss-), while other first singular suffixes (also when added to irregular -ir verbs) are added erroneously.
Suffix
-is
- forms the first-person singular present indicative of -ir verbs
- forms the second-person singular present indicative of -ir verbs
- forms the first-person singular past historic of -ir verbs
- forms the second-person singular past historic of -ir verbs
Suffix
-is
- forms the first-person singular past historic of -re verbs
- forms the second-person singular past historic of -re verbs
Etymology 3
From Old French -ëiz, from Latin -ātus (past participle ending) + -īcius (adjective-forming suffix).
Suffix
-is
- adjective- or noun-forming suffix, generally found attached to verbs
Derived terms
German
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Suffix
-is (invariable)
- (music) sharp, ♯
- Antonym: -es
- A + -is → Ais (“A sharp”)
- C + -is → Cis (“C sharp”)
- D + -is → Dis (“D sharp”)
- E + -is → Eis (“E sharp”)
- F + -is → Fis (“F sharp”)
- G + -is → Gis (“G sharp”)
- H + -is → His (“B sharp”)
Derived terms
- -isis (“double sharp”)
Descendants
- Norwegian Bokmål: -iss
Hungarian
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [iʃ]
- Rhymes: -iʃ
Suffix
-is
- Diminutive suffix.
- András (“Andrew”) → Andris (“Andy”)
See also
- -us
- Appendix:Hungarian suffixes
Ido
Etymology
Borrowed from Esperanto -is, back-formation from -as.
Suffix
-is
- desinence of the past tense in verbs
See also
- -as
- -os
- -ar
- -ir
- -or
Indonesian
Etymology 1
From Dutch -isch, from German -isch, from Middle High German -isch, from Old High German -isc, from Proto-Germanic *-iskaz, from Proto-Indo-European *-iskos.
Suffix
-is
- -ic.
- strategis ― strategic
- pragmatis ― pragmatic
- -ical.
- praktis ― practical
- psikologis ― psychological
Etymology 2
From Dutch -ist, from Old French -iste and Latin -ista, from Ancient Greek -ιστής (-istḗs), from -ίζω (-ízō, “-ize, -ise”, verbal suffix) + -τής (-tḗs, agent-noun suffix).
Suffix
-is
- -ist.
- anarkis ― anarchist
- jurnalis ― journalist
Derived terms
Further reading
- “-is” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
Irish
Etymology
From the dative form of Old Irish -as (“-ish”).
Suffix
-is f
- -ish, -ese (used to form language names)
Declension
Second declension
Bare forms (no plural form of this noun)
| Forms with the definite article
|
Derived terms
Suffix
-is
- inflection of -eas:
- vocative/genitive singular
- nominative/dative plural
Latin
Etymology 1
From Proto-Indo-European *-is.
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /is/, [ɪs̠]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /is/, [is]
Suffix
-is (neuter -e); third-declension two-termination suffix
- suffixed to the root of nouns in composition, forms adjectives of the third declension
- bi- + annus + -is → biennis
- bi- + palmus + -is → bipalmis
- ē- + norma + -is → ēnormis
- in- + somnus + -is → insomnis
- pro- + clīvus + -is → proclīvis
- tri- + annus + -is → triennis
Declension
Third-declension two-termination adjective.
| Number | Singular | Plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case / Gender | Masc./Fem. | Neuter | Masc./Fem. | Neuter | |
| Nominative | -is | -e | -ēs | -ia | |
| Genitive | -is | -ium | |||
| Dative | -ī | -ibus | |||
| Accusative | -em | -e | -ēs -īs | -ia | |
| Ablative | -ī | -ibus | |||
| Vocative | -is | -e | -ēs | -ia | |
Derived terms
Descendants
- → Swedish: -is (learned)
- → Finnish: -is
- → Norwegian Bokmål: -is
- → Norwegian Nynorsk: -is
References
- “-is” on page 970/3 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (1st ed., 1968–82)
Etymology 2
Declined forms of -us (suffix forming adjectives). Derived from Proto-Italic -ois.
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /iːs/, [iːs̠]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /is/, [is]
Suffix
-īs
- dative/ablative masculine/feminine/neuter plural of -us
Etymology 3
Declined forms of -a (suffix forming masculine agent nouns).
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /iːs/, [iːs̠]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /is/, [is]
Suffix
-īs m
- dative/ablative plural of -a
Etymology 4
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Suffix
-is
- second-person singular present active indicative of -ō (third conjugation)
Etymology 5
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Suffix
-īs
- (archaic) second-person singular sigmatic aorist active subjunctive of -ō (third conjugation)
Middle English
Suffix
-is
- Alternative form of -yssh
Suffix
-is
- Alternative form of -esse
Norwegian Bokmål
Etymology
From Swedish -is (diminutive suffix), from Latin -is.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɪs/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -ɪs
- Hyphenation: -is
- Homophone: -iss
Suffix
-is m (definite singular -isen, indefinite plural -iser, definite plural -isene)
- Used to form nouns from adjectives, verbs and other nouns
Derived terms
References
- “-is” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
- “-is” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).
Anagrams
- is, si
Plains Cree
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [-ɪs]
Suffix
-is (Syllabics -ᐃᐢ)
- Used to form diminutives: -ie
Derived terms
References
- Jean L. Okimâsis (2018) Cree: Language of the plains, University of Regina Press, →ISBN, page 22
Swedish
Etymology
At least since the late 1880s. Originally from the Latin ending -is in words such as basis (“basis”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /-ɪs/
- When combined the stress is always on the first syllable.
Suffix
-is c or n
- (colloquial, particularly common in the Stockholm area) Suffix that gives a familiar, and to some extent a diminutive nuance, when combined with a word; common with both nouns and adjectives; commonly used for place names, institutions and persons in their professional role: Medis, frälsis, dagis, vaktis; compare English -y, -ie.
- Är du sotis över att hon träffar sina killkompisar på krogen?
- Are you jealous that she's seeing her male friends at the pub?
- Hämta vaktisen. Någon hade just sönder en fönsterruta.
- Get the janitor. Someone just broke a window.
- (colloquial) Similar to 1 in ad hoc combinations: pankis, sötis, snuskis; compare -ie.
- Kan vi äta pankisar med sylt och visgrädde idag?
- Can we eat pancakes with jam and whipped cream today?
- Du får inte hoppa över kontroller på orienteringen, din fuskis!
- You can't skip orienteering controls, you cheater ("cheatie")!
Usage notes
- Nouns ending in -is take either common (en) or neuter (ett) gender, often depending on the original word: ett daghem > ett dagis, en loppmarknad > en loppis, en vaktmästare > en vaktis.
Derived terms
- bakis
- bagis
- bebis
- brådis
- bundis
- buskis
- brallis
- dagis
- dekis
- funkis
- godis
- grattis
- kondis
- kådis
- kändis
- käftis
- lantis
- lodis
- loppis
- poppis
- rådis
- skakis
- sotis
- svartis
- vaktis
Descendants
- → Finnish: -is
- → Norwegian Bokmål: -is
- → Norwegian Nynorsk: -is