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单词 irregular
释义

irregular

See also: irregulär

English

Etymology

From Middle English irreguler, from Old French irreguler, from Medieval Latin or Late Latin irrēgulāris, from in- + regularis, equivalent to ir- + regular.

Pronunciation

  • (General American) IPA(key): /ɪˈɹɛɡjəlɚ/
  • (file)

Adjective

irregular (comparative more irregular, superlative most irregular)

  1. nonstandard; not conforming to rules or expectations
    • 1967, Sleigh, Barbara, Jessamy, 1993 edition, Sevenoaks, Kent: Bloomsbury, →ISBN, page 33:
      ‘ “It would be most irregular Grandpa!” says Miss Cecily frowning and tapping her foot. “Well, we’re a pretty irregular family so that’s neither here nor there,” says the old man, impish like. [...] ’
  2. (of a surface) rough
  3. without symmetry, regularity, or uniformity
    • 1944, Miles Burton, chapter 5, in The Three Corpse Trick:
      The hovel stood in the centre of what had once been a vegetable garden, but was now a patch of rank weeds. Surrounding this, almost like a zareba, was an irregular ring of gorse and brambles, an unclaimed vestige of the original common.
    • 2013 January 1, Paul Bartel, Ashli Moore, “Avian Migration: The Ultimate Red-Eye Flight”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 1, page 4748:
      Many of these classic methods are still used, with some modern improvements. For example, with the aid of special microphones and automated sound detection software, ornithologists recently reported […] that pine siskins (Spinus pinus) undergo an irregular, nomadic type of nocturnal migration.
    • 2013 July 19, Ian Sample, “Irregular bedtimes may affect children's brains”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 6, page 34:
      Irregular bedtimes may disrupt healthy brain development in young children, according to a study of intelligence and sleeping habits.  ¶ Going to bed at a different time each night affected girls more than boys, but both fared worse on mental tasks than children who had a set bedtime, researchers found.
    • 2019 October, Tony Miles and Philip Sherratt, “EMR kicks off new era”, in Modern Railways, page 58:
      The improvements will be most keenly felt across Lincolnshire, where current irregular service patterns are more a function of operational convenience than passenger demand.
  4. (geometry, of a polygon) not regular; having sides that are not equal or angles that are not equal
  5. (geometry, of a polyhedron) whose faces are not all regular polygons (or are not equally inclined to each other)
  6. (grammar, of a word) not following the regular or expected patterns of inflection in a given language
    "Calves", "cacti", and "children" are irregular plurals.
    I hate learning all the irregular conjugations in French.

Synonyms

  • (nonstandard): abnormal, singular; see also Thesaurus:strange
  • (rough): coarse, salebrous; see also Thesaurus:rough
  • (without uniformity): unstable, unsteady; see also Thesaurus:unsteady
  • (not following the regular patterns of inflection): heteroclite

Antonyms

  • regular

Derived terms

  • irregularity
  • irregularly
  • irregular verb
  • stereoirregular

Translations

Noun

irregular (plural irregulars)

  1. A soldier who is not a member of an official military force and who may not use regular army tactics.
  2. One who does not regularly attend a venue.
    • 2015, Brian Cook, Hands Across The Sea, page 190:
      There's one neighborhood tavern where the regulars and irregulars go after a hard day to unlax and rewind, throw back a few, and just hang out - you know the one.

Translations


Catalan

Etymology

Borrowed from Late Latin irrēgulāris.

Pronunciation

  • (Balearic, Central) IPA(key): /i.rə.ɡuˈla/
  • (Valencian) IPA(key): /i.re.ɡuˈlaɾ/

Adjective

irregular (masculine and feminine plural irregulars)

  1. irregular
    Antonym: regular

Derived terms

  • irregularment
  • irregularitat

Further reading

  • “irregular” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
  • irregular”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2023
  • “irregular” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
  • “irregular” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Galician

Etymology

Attested since circa 1300. Borrowed from Late Latin irrēgulāris.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ireɣuˈlaɾ]

Adjective

irregular m or f (plural irregulares)

  1. irregular
    Antonym: regular
  • irregularidade

References

  • yrregular” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
  • yrregular” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006–2018.
  • irregular” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
  • irregular” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.

Further reading

  • irregular” in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega, Royal Galician Academy.

Portuguese

Etymology

Borrowed from Late Latin irrēgulāris.

Pronunciation

 
  • (Brazil) IPA(key): /i.ʁe.ɡuˈlaʁ/ [i.he.ɡuˈlah]
    • (São Paulo) IPA(key): /i.ʁe.ɡuˈlaɾ/ [i.he.ɡuˈlaɾ]
    • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /i.ʁe.ɡuˈlaʁ/ [i.χe.ɡuˈlaχ]
    • (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /i.ʁe.ɡuˈlaɻ/ [i.he.ɡuˈlaɻ]
  • (Portugal) IPA(key): /i.ʁɨ.ɡuˈlaɾ/ [i.ʁɨ.ɣuˈlaɾ]

Adjective

irregular m or f (plural irregulares)

  1. irregular; nonstandard
  2. (grammar) irregular (not following an inflectional paradigm)

Antonyms

  • regular

Derived terms

  • irregularmente
  • irregularidade

Further reading

  • irregular” in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa.

Spanish

Etymology

Borrowed from Late Latin irrēgulāris.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ireɡuˈlaɾ/ [i.re.ɣ̞uˈlaɾ]
  • Rhymes: -aɾ
  • Syllabification: i‧rre‧gu‧lar

Adjective

irregular (plural irregulares)

  1. irregular, uneven, erratic, haphazard
  2. patchy, spotty, jagged, ragged
  3. fitful
  4. (grammar) (of a verb etc.) irregular
    Antonym: regular

Derived terms

  • irregularmente
  • verbo irregular
  • irregularidad
  • regular

Further reading

  • irregular”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
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